Quinine hydrochloride(txuas:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/quinine-hydrochloride-hcl-cas-60-93-5.html) yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas feem ntau siv hauv cov tshuaj formulations.
1. Natural extraction method:
Quinine hydrochloride yog Ameslikas tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Acacia genus los ntawm natural extraction. Cov nroj tsuag Acacia muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm quinine, thiab Quinine hydrochloride tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev rho tawm, ntxuav thiab kho hydrochloric acid. Txawm hais tias txoj kev no tau txais cov tshuaj los ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj, muaj cov teeb meem xws li kev rho tawm qis thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj.
2. Synthesis method:
Tam sim no, txoj kev tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Quinine hydrochloride yog los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg. Cov hauv qab no yog ob peb txoj kev siv hluavtaws:
2.1 Ammonia oxidation txoj kev:
Qhov no yog ib txoj kev siv hluavtaws, thiab nws cov kauj ruam yog raws li nram no:
Kauj ruam 1: dissolving quinine puag nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm hydrochloric acid tov kom tau ib tug hydrochloric acid tov ntawm quinine ntsev.
Cov tshuaj formula: C20H24N2O2 plus HCl → C20H25N2O2Cl plus H2O
Kauj Ruam 2: Sib tov cov tshuaj hydrochloric acid thiab qhov tsim nyog ntawm sodium hydroxide tov, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab ua kom cov pH tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj nyob nruab nrab lossis alkaline.
Cov tshuaj formula: HCl plus NaOH → NaCl plus H2O
Kauj Ruam 3: Maj mam ntxiv cov tshuaj hydrogen peroxide rau cov tshuaj neutralized. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ammoxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas quinine ntsev yog oxidized rau quinine hydrochloride los ntawm oxidation ntawm hydrogen peroxide.
Cov tshuaj formula: C20H25N2O2Cl plus H2O2 → C20H24N2O2 · HCl ntxiv H2O
Kauj Ruam 4: Khaws lub sijhawm nplawm thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (qhov kub thiab txias), kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ammoxidation tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 5: Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lim los yog centrifuged kom tshem tawm cov khoom seem seem.
Kauj Ruam 6: Cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw ua tiav los ntawm crystallization, ntxuav thiab ziab kom txog thaum kawg tau txais cov ntshiab Quinine hydrochloride crystals.
Kev npaj ntawm Quinine hydrochloride los ntawm ammonia oxidation yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo thiab kev lag luam. Txoj kev siv hydrochloric acid ua ib qho catalyst thiab hydrogen peroxide ua oxidant los hloov quinine ntsev rau hauv quinine hydrochloride los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo thiab ammoxidation nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb, thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj qhov kub thiab txias, lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum kawg, ntshiab Quinine hydrochloride crystals tau txais, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev npaj tshuaj, kev tshawb fawb tshuaj thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
2.2 Synthesis ntawm o-nitrophenol:
Qhov no yog lwm txoj kev siv hluavtaws, thiab nws cov kauj ruam yog raws li hauv qab no:
Kauj ruam 1: dissolving catechol nyob rau hauv concentrated sulfuric acid kom tau ib tug sulfuric acid tov ntawm o-nitrophenol.
Cov tshuaj formula: C6H6O2 plus H2SO4 → C6H5NO3 plus H2O plus H2SO4
Kauj Ruam 2: Maj mam ntxiv nitric acid rau hauv sulfuric acid, thiab ib txhij tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub kom ua tau raws li qhov kub thiab txias. Lub sijhawm no, nitro ion reacts nrog catechol los tsim o-nitrophenol, nrog rau cov tiam dej thiab sulfuric acid.
Cov tshuaj formula: C6H5OH plus HNO3 → C6H5NO3 plus H2O
Kauj Ruam 3: txuas ntxiv tuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias, thiab do cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 4: Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav lawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw yog pauv mus rau lub tshuab ua kom txias kom txias los txhawb crystallization ntawm cov khoom.
Kauj Ruam 5: Sau thiab ntxuav cov iav los ntawm kev pom lossis centrifugation kom tau txais cov ntshiab o-nitrophenol.
2.3 Indirect synthesis ntawm raw khoom:
Qhov no yog ib tug nqi-zoo hluavtaws txoj kev nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
Kauj Ruam 1: Dissolving Cinchonine hauv cov organic hnyav kom tau txais cov tshuaj Cinchonine.
Cov tshuaj formula: C19H22N2O ntxiv rau 2CH3CN → C19H22N2O·2CH3CN
Kauj Ruam 2: Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, maj mam ntxiv bromine rau hauv cov tshuaj Cinchonine kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv bromination. Lub sijhawm no, hydrogen atoms ntawm Cinchonine yog hloov los ntawm bromine los ua Cinchonine bromide (quinine bromide).
Cov tshuaj formula: C19H22N2O ntxiv rau Br2 → C19H21BrN2O ntxiv rau HBr
Kauj Ruam 3: dissolving quinine bromide puag hauv cov organic hnyav, thiab ntxiv ammonia dej rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization. Cov kauj ruam no txo cov qauv ntawm quinine puag rov qab rau Cinchonine.
Cov tshuaj formula: C19H21BrN2O ntxiv rau NH4OH → C19H22N2O ntxiv rau NH4Br
Kauj Ruam 4: Ntxiv hydrochloric acid rau kev daws ntawm Cinchonine, thiab nqa tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid-catalyzed. Lub sijhawm no, Cinchonine yog protonated los ua Quinine hydrochloride.
Cov tshuaj formula: C19H22N2O ntxiv rau HCl → C20H25N2O2 · HCl
Kauj Ruam 5: Purify thiab crystallize cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov kom tau cov ntshiab Quinine hydrochloride.
Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los npaj Quinine hydrochloride los ntawm indirect synthesis ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Txoj kev siv Cinchonine ua cov khoom pib, thiab los ntawm cov kauj ruam xws li bromination, neutralization thiab acid catalysis, nws yog thaum kawg hloov mus rau Quinine hydrochloride ntshiab. Txoj kev siv hluavtaws no yog ib txoj hauv kev ua kom tau txais kev lag luam ntau lawm, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo thiab kho raws li cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom purity.
2.4 Conversion method of hluavtaws intermediates:
Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais Quinine hydrochloride los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom sib txuas uas twb muaj lawm rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb txawv nyob ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Cov tshuaj nruab nrab muaj xws li quinoline, butyraldehyde thiab acetamide compounds, thiab lwm yam.
Synthetic txoj kev:
1. Raw khoom: Cinchonine (quinine puag)
2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv bromination: ua rau Cinchonine nrog bromine los tsim Cinchonine bromide (quinine bromide).
Cov tshuaj formula: C19H22N2O ntxiv rau Br2 → C19H21BrN2O ntxiv rau HBr
3. Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: ua rau quinine bromide nrog ammonia dej kom txo tau Cinchonine.
Cov tshuaj formula: C19H21BrN2O ntxiv rau NH4OH → C19H22N2O ntxiv rau NH4Br
4. Acid-catalyzed cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: react Cinchonine nrog hydrochloric acid los tsim Quinine hydrochloride (quinine hydrochloride).
Cov tshuaj formula: C19H22N2O + HCl → C20H25N2O2 · HCl
Cov txheej txheem hluavtaws no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab cov qauv tsim nyog tuaj yeem xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem hluavtaws saum toj no, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev, xws li enzymatic synthesis, microbial fermentation, thiab lwm yam, tab sis tam sim no cov txheej txheem no tsis tshua siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm Quinine hydrochloride suav nrog kev rho tawm thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis muaj xws li ammonia oxidation, o-nitrophenol synthesis, indirect synthesis ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm hluavtaws intermediates, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem hluavtaws no muab kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm Quinine hydrochloride, ua kom nws tau dav siv hauv kev lag luam. ntawm tshuaj.