Urolithin A(link:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/urolithin-a-powder-cas-1143-70-0.html) yog ib qho uas muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj roj ntsha muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua plab kab mob metabolites. Urolithin A yog qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhuav qhuav, tab sis decomposes nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub teeb thiab kub. Nws yog lub teeb rhiab heev thiab yooj yim degrades thaum raug tshav ntuj los yog lub teeb muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kub thiab txias kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau decomposition ntawm urolithin A. Yog li ntawd, thaum khaws cia thiab siv Urolithin A, tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj ncaj qha thiab kub siab. Cov mis mos molecular ntawm urolithin A yog C20H20O6, uas muaj 20 carbon, 20 hydrogen thiab 6 oxygen atoms. Nws qhov hnyav molecular yog 368.37 g / mol.
Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm urolithin A yog dibenzofuranone derivative txuas los ntawm furan nplhaib thiab pawg ketone. Kuj tseem muaj methoxy thiab hydroxyl hloov pauv ntawm lub nplhaib furan. Cov qauv tshuaj muaj nyob hauv qab no: (Daim duab)
pH stability:
Qhov ruaj khov ntawm urolithin A yog qhov sib txawv hauv pH sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob (hauv qab pH 3), urolithin A yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tswj nws cov qauv tshuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob (tshaj pH 8), urolithin A raug hydrolysis thiab degradation.
Lub pH stability ntawm urolithin A feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov qauv molecular. Cov qauv molecular ntawm urolithin A suav nrog benzoic acid ketone nplhaib thiab lub nplhaib hydroxyacetophenone ketone, nyob rau hauv pawg hydroxyl txuas nrog methoxy pawg. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog deprotonation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov pH sib txawv, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm urolithin A.
Nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob (hauv qab pH 3), urolithin A yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tswj nws cov qauv tshuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic, pawg hydroxyl ntawm urolithin A yuav protonated los tsim ib lub xeev ruaj khov ionized. Lub caij no, benzoic acid ketone nplhaib thiab hydroxyacetophenone ketone nplhaib kuj tseem ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm gastric acid, urolithin A tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov nyhuv degradation ntawm digestive acid, yog li nws yooj yim rau nws nqus thiab bioavailability nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm urolithin A raug cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lossis alkaline tej yam kev mob (saum pH 8). Hauv qhov no, pawg hydroxyl ntawm urolithin A yog nkag tau yooj yim deprotonated los ntawm hydroxide ions (OH-), tsim cov phenolic sib thooj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub nplhaib benzoate ketone thiab hydroxyacetophenone ketone lub nplhaib ntawm urolithin A kuj tuaj yeem raug acidolysis, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thiab degradation ntawm cov qauv molecular. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw alkaline, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm urolithin A txo qis, thiab hydrolysis thiab degradation tshua tshwm sim.
Kev hloov pauv hauv pH ruaj khov ntawm urolithin A muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau nws txoj haujlwm lom neeg. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias urolithin A muaj cov dej num zoo hauv cov kua qaub, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv qog. Qhov no yog vim urolithin A yog qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws cov qauv molecular thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm urolithin A tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, thiab muaj peev xwm degradation thiab inactivation nce.
Tsis tas li ntawd, pH stability ntawm urolithin A kuj muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov metabolism thiab kev faib tawm hauv lub cev. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias urolithin A tuaj yeem metabolized los ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab mus rau lwm cov tshuaj, xws li urolithin A-4-glucuronide thiab urolithin A-4-sulfate. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov metabolites no kuj yuav txawv nyob rau hauv cov pH sib txawv, yog li cuam tshuam rau bioavailability thiab clearance ntawm urolithin A.
Chromatographic zog:
Urolithin A qhia txog lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab kev nqus siab siab hauv kev tshuaj xyuas chromatographic. Nws tuaj yeem raug cais thiab ntsuas ntau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ua kua chromatography (HPLC), roj chromatography (GC) thiab huab hwm coj spectrometry.
Redox:
Urolithin A yog qhov sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam antioxidant hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro. Nws muaj peev xwm los cuab cov dawb radicals, txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab tiv thaiv hlwb los ntawm oxidative puas.
Lwm yam derivatives:
Urolithin A yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, thiab muaj lwm yam urolithin derivatives (xws li urolithin B, urolithin C, thiab lwm yam). Cov derivatives no muaj cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv me ntsis, tab sis kuj muaj cov dej num zoo sib xws thiab cov tshuaj pharmacological.
Urolithin A yog ib qho khoom siv ntuj tsim nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm lom neeg uas muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua plab kab mob metabolites. Lub reactivity ntawm urolithin A cuam tshuam rau nws stability, metabolic pathways thiab pharmacological teebmeem nyob rau hauv vivo.
1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv photochemical
Urolithin A yog rhiab heev rau lub teeb thiab yooj yim decomposed los ntawm ultraviolet thiab pom lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv ultraviolet irradiation, cov hydroxyl thiab methoxy pawg ntawm urolithin A yog nquag mus rau photochemical tshua, tsim dawb radicals thiab ua rau molecular qauv hloov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hnub muaj zog, lub decomposition tus nqi ntawm urolithin A yog sai dua. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas urolithin A xav tau kom tsis txhob muaj hnub ci ncaj qha hauv chav kuaj thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam.
2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid-base
Cov acetyl pawg ntawm urolithin A tuaj yeem hydrolyzed los ntawm acid lossis alkali kom tshem tawm nws cov acetyl pawg. Nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob (hauv qab pH 3), urolithin A yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tswj nws cov qauv tshuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob (saum pH 8), urolithin A tau txais hydrolysis thiab degradation, rhuav tshem nws cov khoom lom.
3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Redox
Urolithin A muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias urolithin A tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau lwm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov enzyme system hauv tib neeg lub cev, xws li urolithin A-4-glucuronide thiab urolithin A-4-sulfate. Cov metabolites no kuj muaj qee yam kev ua haujlwm lom neeg, xws li tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv oxidation, thiab txo apoptosis.
4. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification
Urolithin A reacts nrog acid anhydride los yog acid ester los tsim nws ester derivatives. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm urolithin A nrog methyl formate tuaj yeem muab urolithin A methyl ester; Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm urolithin A nrog dimethyl succinate tuaj yeem muab urolithin A dimethyl succinate (Urolithin A methyl ester) A dimethyl succinate). Cov ester derivatives ntawm urolithin A muaj kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim tshuaj thiab kev kho mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification ntawm urolithin A yog tsim urolithin A ester compound los ntawm reacting nrog acylating reagents xws li acid anhydride los yog acid chloride. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj synthesis thiab kev tshawb fawb tshuaj, thiab tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom ntawm urolithin A thiab txhim kho nws cov solubility.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm cov tshuaj sib npaug hauv qab no:
C52H97NO18S / acid chlorine ntxiv rau C13H8O4→ urolithin A ester ntxiv acid
Ntawm lawv, acid anhydride / acid chloride sawv cev rau tus neeg sawv cev acylating, uas tuaj yeem yog cov kua qaub anhydride (xws li cov kua qaub anhydride ester) lossis cov kua qaub chloride (xws li cov kua qaub chloride). Urolithin A reacts nrog acid anhydride / chlorine los tsim urolithin A ester thiab ib txhij tso cov kua qaub sib xws.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, urolithin A kuj muaj lwm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab sib txuas los ntawm kev xaiv hydrogenation, lub cev qhuav dej, acylation, mineralization thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam kom tau raws li cov kev thov sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, urolithin A kuj tuaj yeem siv los npaj urolithin A gene tswj cov neeg ua haujlwm, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws, thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, urolithin A yog lub ntuj tsim nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm lom neeg, thiab nws cov khoom muaj zog cuam tshuam rau nws txoj hauv kev metabolic thiab cov tshuaj pharmacological hauv vivo. Nws yog rhiab heev rau lub teeb, yooj yim rau hydrolyze nyob rau hauv acid thiab alkali tej yam kev mob, muaj zoo redox reactivity, thiab kuj yuav siv tau rau ester tshuaj synthesis thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Kev nkag siab txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm urolithin A yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab kev siv ntawm nws cov haujlwm lom neeg.