Dodecylbenzeneyog ib qho aromatic hydrocarbon compound nrog cov qauv molecular ntawm C6H5CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, CAS Nr .: 123-01 Cov tsos mob yog cov kua tsis muaj xim pob tshab, me ntsis ntshav fluorescence, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw qab. Nws yog insoluble hauv dej, tab sis tuaj yeem yaj cov roj av hydrocarbons zoo. Vim hais tias dodecyl ntawm lub nplhaib benzene yog ntev - saw alkyl, muaj cov isomers ib txwm thiab cov isomers sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov kab thiab ntau yam ceg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sulfonation, acylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab thermal cracking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Hauv kev lag luam, benzene thiab cov saw ntev alkenes feem ntau yog condensed los tsim nws nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acidic catalysts. Cov alkenes siv xws li - Olefins, ib txwm olefins thiab isomers. Feem ntau yog siv los ua raw khoom ntawm surfactant.
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Tshuaj Formula |
C18H30 |
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Exact Mass |
246 |
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Molecular Luj |
246 |
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m/z |
246 (100.0%), 247 (19.5%), 248 (1.8%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 87.73; H, 12.27 |
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1. Kev npaj ntawm plasticizer:
Alkyl sulfonyl chloride muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, xws li kev tsim cov tshuaj tua hluavtaws sodium alkyl sulfonate, plasticizer alkyl sulfonate phenyl ester ntawm PVC cob, thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov alkyl sulfonate resin (lub npe hu ua T-50 roj av ester hauv kev lag luam) muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, huab cua tsis kam thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. cov qauv. Txoj kev ntawm synthesizingdodecylbenzene tshuajsulfonate los ntawm cov khoom yog raws li nram no: nws 1200kg, tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus 0.871 (15 degree), nyob rau hauv lub reactor ua los ntawm vinyl chloride, lub reactor yog nruab nrog txhuas kauj rau cua txias, mercury arc teeb, roj distributor, tus pas ntsuas kub thiab cov pa paug yeeb nkab, thiab lwm yam., thiab chlorine thiab sulfur dioxide yog 1 ratio. Tom qab sib tov, lawv tau qhia nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab lub teeb yog tig rau tib lub sij hawm, nrog ib tug wavelength ntawm 280nm, qhov ratio ntawm lub teeb lub zog thiab dodecyl benzene tus nqi yog 0.8 W / kg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog exothermic. Qhov ntsuas kub yog tswj ntawm 25℃~ 32℃nrog dej txias, thiab cov roj sib xyaw yog 30 kg / h. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim cov tshuaj hydrogen chloride thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov roj uas tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau zoo los ntawm kev txau hydrochloric acid nrog dej los ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Thaum qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov reactant yog 0.996, cov roj raug tso tseg, thiab cov roj uas muaj nyob hauv yaj tau tawg nrog cov cua qhuav, thiab dodecyl benzene sulfonyl chloride yog 1440kg, nrog tus nqi saponification ntawm 163, qhov hloov pauv yog 45%.
2. Kev npaj ntawm surfactant:
Dodecylbenzen tuaj yeem siv los ua ke dodecyl benzene sulfonates, xws li sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, uas yog ib qho anionic surfactant thiab dav siv hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes. Ntxiv 35 mL (34.6 g) ntawm dodecyl benzene rau hauv 250 mL plaub- lub qhov ncauj lub raj mis nruab nrog lub stirrer, tus pas ntsuas kub, drip funnel thiab reflux condenser, maj mam ntxiv 35 mL ntawm 98% sulfuric acid nrog nplawm, thiab kub yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 40 degree. Tom qab ntxiv, nce qhov kub ntawm 60 ~ 70 degree, thiab teb rau 2 teev. Txo qhov kub ntawm qhov sib xyaw sulfonation mus rau 40 ~ 50 degree, maj mam ntxiv cov dej tsim nyog (li 15mL), ncuav nws mus rau hauv qhov sib cais, sawv ntsug rau ib pliag, txheej los ntawm txheej, ntws cov txheej qis (dej thiab inorganic ntsev), thiab khaws cov txheej sab saud (organic theem). Npaj 80mL ntawm 10% sodium hydroxide tov, ntxiv rau hauv 250mL plaub- lub qhov ncauj lub raj mis, txog 60-70mL, do thiab maj mam drip rau saum toj no cov organic theem, tswj qhov kub ntawm 40-50 degree, siv 10% sodium hydroxide los kho pH =7-8, thiab sau 10% sodium hydroxide tag nrho. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm sodium chloride, lim tom qab lub nplhaib percolation kuaj pom tseeb, thiab tau txais cov khoom siv dawb, uas yog sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
Dodecylbenzen yog ib qho muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon compound nrog 12 carbon linear alkyl pawg, nrog rau cov mis mos ntawm C18H30. Nws yog cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab ntawm chav tsev kub thiab siab, nrog ntshav fluorescence. Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm zoo tshuaj engineering, nws cov cim chemical qauv thiab lub cev muaj zog ua rau nws dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industrial teb.
Kev siv cov khoom siv sulfonated:
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA): Tom qab neutralization nrog sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS, CAS naj npawb 25155-30-0) yog tsim, uas yog lub thib ob loj tshaj plaws hluavtaws surfactant nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Kev ua tau zoo zoo:
Qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration (CMC) yog qhov tsawg thiab qhov ua haujlwm saum npoo muaj zog.
Resistant mus rau cov dej nyuaj thiab siab electrolyte concentration, haum rau industrial tu.
Tus nqi biodegradation ntau dua 90% (OECD 301 tus qauv), uas ua tau raws li ib puag ncig.
Industrial ntau lawm Case:
Sulfonation txheej txheem: siv sulfur trioxide cua sib tov sulfonation txoj kev, tus nqi sulfonation tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 98%.
Cov txheej txheem neutralization: Rov qab tsis tau benzene los ntawm cov txheej txheem dual membrane (ultrafiltration + thim rov qab osmosis) kom txo cov dej khib nyiab COD.
Pharmaceutical intermediates
Kev tsim cov khoom lag luam Acylation:
Piv txwv ntawm Friedel Crafts Acylation Reaction:
Raw khoom: n-dodecylbenzene + acetyl chloride (catalyst AlCl ∝)
Khoom: 4-Dodecylphenylactophenone (yield kwv yees li 75%)
Pharmacological kev ua: Qee cov khoom siv acylation muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - cov haujlwm ua kom mob thiab cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj kho cov tshuaj kho mob.
Piv txwv daim ntawv thov:
Antifungal tshuaj intermediates: Ntev saw alkylbenzene cov qauv tuaj yeem txhim kho lipophilicity ntawm cov tshuaj molecules thiab txhim kho lub hom phiaj kev xa khoom.
Cov khoom siv ua kua siv lead ua kua monomer: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm benzene rings nruj thiab hloov tau ntev -chain alkyl pawg endows cov khoom nrog cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Dyes thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm
Dye dispersant:
Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim: SDBS ua raws li ib tug dispersant, nrog ntev - saw alkyl pawg adsorbed nyob rau saum npoo ntawm pigment hais, thiab benzenesulfonic acid pawg txuas mus rau lub aqueous theem, tsim ib tug spatial hindered ruaj khov system.
Cov ntawv thov ib txwm: Kev npaj dej- raws li cov xim xws li phthalocyanine xiav thiab carbon dub.
Kev hloov kho cov khoom siv polymer:
Polymer blending: raws li ib tug compatibilizer los txhim kho compatibility ntawm polyolefins thiab polar polymers.
Nano khoom dispersion: siv rau kev hloov kho deg ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes thiab graphene los txhim kho lawv cov dispersibility hauv epoxy resins.
Lwm yam kev lag luam siv
Thermal roj:
Performance advantages: high boiling point (>330 degree), tsis tshua muaj vapor siab, haum rau kaw cua sov hloov tshuab.
Daim ntawv thov thaj chaw: Cua sov xov xwm rau kev ua cov yas thiab petrochemicals.
Organic synthetic kuab tshuaj:
Raws li tsis yog -polar solvent,Dodecylbenzeneyog siv rau Grignard reagent cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab synthesis ntawm hlau organic tebchaw.
Lubricant additives:
Qhov ntev - saw alkylbenzene qauv tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov siab siab thiab tiv thaiv - hnav kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj lubricating.
1. Nws muaj cov impurities xws li dialkyl benzene, alkyl indene, alkyl tetrahydronaphthalene, thiab lwm yam, uas yog dehydrated los ntawm molecular sieve thaum refining, thiab ces distilled nyob rau hauv ib tug ntim ntauwd nrog iav ib lub nplhaib.
2. Hauv kev lag luam, benzene thiab ntev -chain alkenes feem ntau yog siv los condense nyob rau hauv acidic catalyst los tsim dodecylbenzen. Cov alkenes siv suav nrog - Olefins, ib txwm olefins thiab isomers. Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam yog alkane dehydrogenation txoj kev, uas siv ib txwm alkanes li raw cov ntaub ntawv, dehydrogenates rau olefins ntawm Pt-Al2O3 catalyst, thiab ces alkylates nrog benzene los tsim n-dodecyl thiab lwm yam khoom tiav.
3. Propylene tetramerization siv propene - propane feem raws li raw khoom, tsim propylene tetramer nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm phosphoric acid - diatomite catalyst, thiab ces generates branched alkylbenzene nrog benzene nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm txhuas trichloride catalyst, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom rectification.
Tsis tas li ntawd, alkylbenzene tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm paraffin cracking thiab chloroalkane thiab benzene condensation. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj nws yog sib xyaw, thiab nws cov saw hlau alkyl feem ntau yog C11 txog C13. Nws yog tsuas yog siv raws li raw khoom ntawm surfactant, thiab yog siv rau zus tau tej cov detergent, emulsifier, dispersant, industrial detergent, thiab lwm yam.
Chemical Properties:
1. Nws tsis yooj yim rau ntes hluav taws. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau react nrog fuming sulfuric acid los yog SO3 rau daim ntawvdodecylbenzene tshuajsulfonic acid.
2. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tsw qab hydrocarbons muaj cov tshuaj lom ntau dua, thiab benzene muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab thiab cov ntshav. Thaum lub alkyl sab saw yog nqa, qhov khaus thiab tshuaj loog rau lub mucosa yog txhim kho, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub cev, vim hais tias cov sab saw yog oxidized rau hauv cawv thiab ces mus rau hauv carboxylic acid, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub hematopoietic muaj nuj nqi.
Melting point 3 ° C (lit.), Boiling point 185-188 ° C/15 mmHg (lit.) 331 ° C (lit.), Density 0.856 g/mL at 25 ° C (lit.), Vapor pressure 0.1 hPa (50 ° C), Refractive index n20/D 1.482 (lit.), Flash point>230℃F, Cia txias Cia hauv qab no +30℃C, Solubility Acetonitrile (me ntsis), Chloroform (me ntsis), Acidity coefficient (pKa) 50 (ntawm 25 degree), Daim Ntawv Liquid, Tsis muaj xim
kev phiv tshuaj
Dodecylbenzene (cov tshuaj formula C18H30) yog cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab nrog cov ntxhiab tsw. Nws yog insoluble hauv dej thiab yooj yim soluble hauv organic solvents. Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj raw khoom, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm detergents, surfactants, lubricant additives, thiab lwm yam teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab tus cwj pwm ib puag ncig yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig ecological.
Kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv: tej zaum yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha thiab - kis tau mus ntev
Daim tawv nqaij thiab mucosal irritation
Dodecyl benzene ua rau khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias, thiab kev sib cuag ncaj qha tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv qab no:
tawv nqaij khaus
Kev sib cuag tej zaum yuav ua rau liab, khaus, kub hnyiab, thiab thaum mob hnyav, hu rau dermatitis. Cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev tawg ntawm daim tawv nqaij barrier los ntawm lipophilic zog, ua rau inflammatory kev tshwm sim.
Qhov muag khaus
Txau rau hauv lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau conjunctival congestion, tearing, photophobia, thiab txawm tias pob txha puas. Tsiaj thwmsim tau pom tias 0.1% concentration ntawm dodecylbenzene kua tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag tseem ceeb hauv luav.
Ua pa ua pa
Kev nqus tau nws cov vapor lossis aerosol tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws ua pa, ua rau cov tsos mob xws li hnoos, mob caj pas, thiab hauv siab nruj. Ntev mus ntev yuav ua rau mob bronchitis.
Cov tsos mob lom lom
High concentration exposure los yog noj yuav ua rau mob hnyav, nrog rau cov tsos mob xws li:
digestive system
xeev siab, ntuav, mob plab, raws plab, thiab thaum mob hnyav, plab hnyuv los ntshav.
Lub paj hlwb
kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, qaug zog, tsis meej pem tsis nco qab, thiab txawm coma. Hauv kev sim tsiaj, qhov ncauj LD ₅₀ ntawm nas yog 9200mg / kg, qhia tias tsis tshua muaj mob toxicity, tab sis cov koob tshuaj ntau tseem yuav ua rau muaj sia nyob - hem.
Lub siab thiab lub raum puas
Kev raug mob mus ntev yuav ua rau lub siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm, ua rau kom nce qib transaminase thiab cov cim qhia txog biochemical txawv txav xws li proteinuria.
Cov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv
Lub sij hawm luv luv - noj koob tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv
Ua xua
Qee tus neeg yuav ntsib kev tsis haum rau nws, tshwm sim ua pob liab liab, mob hawb pob, thiab lwm yam tsos mob.
Muaj peev xwm carcinogenicity
Txawm hais tias tam sim no tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb los qhia tias dodecylbenzene yog carcinogenic, nws cov metabolites (xws li epoxides) tej zaum yuav muaj tshuaj toxicity thiab xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.
Kev tsim tawm toxicity
Cov kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias qhov ntau ntawm - koob tshuaj yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam, tab sis tib neeg cov ntaub ntawv raug txwv.
Cim npe nrov: Dodecylbenzene CAS 123-01-3, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom