Isoamyl Nitrite CAS 110-46-3

1. Daim ntawv thov hauv kev kho mob

1.1 Tshem tawm qhov mob hnyav ntawm angina pectoris
Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev kho mob yog raws li ib tug tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm angina pectoris. Angina pectoris yog ib qho kev kho mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm myocardial ischemia sai thiab hypoxia vim tsis txaus cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Los ntawm tso nitric oxide (NO), nws ncaj qha mus so vascular du nqaij, yog li dilating coronary hlab ntsha thiab peripheral cov hlab ntsha, ua rau myocardial cov ntshav, txo peripheral vascular tsis kam, txo lub plawv tom qab, thiab zoo relieving cov tsos mob ntawm angina.

Nws yuav siv tau sai, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 1-2 feeb tom qab nqus tau pa, thiab yog haum rau cov xwm txheej ceev uas lwm cov tshuaj nitrate tsis tuaj yeem siv tau raws sijhawm. Nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li nitroglycerin, tab sis nws muaj qhov pib ua haujlwm sai dua thiab siv sijhawm luv dua, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev kho mob ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm angina pectoris.

1.2 Detoxification ntawm cyanide lom
Ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm cyanide lom. Cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cytochrome oxidase, thaiv lub cellular respiratory saw, thiab ua rau hypoxia induced cell tuag.

Raws li methemoglobin tsim tus neeg sawv cev, tuaj yeem oxidize divalent hlau (Fe ² ⁺) hauv hemoglobin rau trivalent hlau (Fe ³ ⁺), tsim methemoglobin. High affinity methemoglobin thiab cyanide ions (CN ⁻) tuaj yeem khi rau daim ntawv cyanide methemoglobin, yog li txo cov concentration ntawm dawb cyanide ions hauv cov ntshav thiab thaiv cov tshuaj lom ntawm cyanide ntawm cytochrome oxidase.

Hauv kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev ntawm cyanide lom, nws feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj detoxifying nyiam, uas tuaj yeem yuav lub sijhawm rau kev kho mob tom ntej nrog sodium thiosulfate.

Los ntawm kev txo cov concentration ntawm cov dawb cyanide ions hauv cov ntshav sai sai, nws tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob ntawm cyanide lom thiab txhim kho kev ciaj sia ntawm cov neeg mob.

1.3 Pab kuaj mob plawv
Nws kuj tseem muaj qee yam nqi siv rau hauv kev pabcuam kuaj mob plawv. Hauv plawv catheterization, txo cov ntshav siab sai sai thiab hloov cov hemodynamic tsis tuaj yeem pab cov kws kho mob soj ntsuam cov kab mob plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plawv.

Nws cov nyhuv vasodilatory tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntshav khiav ntawm lub plawv ib ntus, tso cai rau cov kws kho mob kom saib xyuas cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov phiaj xwm phais.

Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ntsuas qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv rau vasodilators. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntshav siab thiab lub plawv dhia teb ntawm cov neeg mob rau isoamyl nitrit, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem nkag siab txog cov kab mob plawv ntawm cov neeg mob thiab muab kev taw qhia rau kev kho mob tom ntej.

1.4 Relieve biliary spasm
Nws muaj cov nyhuv relaxing ntawm cov nqaij mos ntawm lub biliary ib ntsuj av thiab tuaj yeem ua rau ib ntus txo qhov mob plab loj los ntawm biliary spasm. Isoamyl nitrit qee zaum siv los ua cov tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov kab mob biliary tract. Los ntawm kev ua kom cov leeg du ntawm cov kua tsib, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov siab ntawm cov kua tsib thiab txo cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kua tsib duct spasm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws daim ntawv thov yuav tsum muaj kev txwv nruj ntawm lwm yam mob plab, feem ntau yog kev hloov pauv kev kho mob, thiab kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua tom qab kuaj pom tseeb.

1.5 Txhim kho limb ntshav ncig
Los ntawm dilating cov hlab ntsha peripheral, nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov ntshav ncig hauv cov ceg thiab txo cov tsos mob xws li daj ntseg ntiv tes thiab cyanosis tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob khaub thuas. Hauv kev kho cov kab mob vascular spastic xws li Reynaud's disease,isoamyl nitritetuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho luv luv - lub sij hawm tswj kev ntsuas los txo cov neeg mob cov tsos mob. Nws cov nyhuv vasodilatory tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav nce ntxiv hauv cov ceg, txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia hauv zos, thiab txo cov neeg mob mob.

1.6 Raw cov ntaub ntawv rau tshuaj synthesis
Isoamyl nitrit kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuaj synthesis. Raws li cov organic compound, isoamyl nitrit tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw lossis nruab nrab rau kev sib xyaw ntawm lwm cov tshuaj. Los ntawm kev koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv, isoamyl nitrit tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov tebchaw nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, muab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab.

2. Daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam

2.1 Spice synthesis
Vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb fruity aroma, nws muaj qee yam kev siv tus nqi hauv kev lag luam txuj lom. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw txuj lom los hloov cov tshuaj tsw qab, tshuaj pleev ib ce, detergents thiab lwm yam khoom. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom xyaw txuj lom, cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov yam ntxwv aroma, txhim kho nws qhov zoo thiab kev sib tw ua lag luam.

2.3 Oxidants thiab cov kuab tshuaj
Nws muaj qee yam oxidizing zog thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua oxidant hauv organic synthesis. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation, oxidizing lwm cov tebchaw rau hauv cov khoom uas muaj oxidation ntau dua. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj kom yaj qee cov organic tshuaj thiab txhawb cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws zoo solubility thiab volatility muab nws tej yam zoo nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis.

2.2 Synthesis ntawm diazo tebchaw
Nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug diazotizing reagent los koom nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm diazonium tebchaw. Diazo tebchaw yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov organic tebchaw nrog rau daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb, dav siv hauv teb xws li dyes, kws, thiab tshuaj tua kab. Los ntawm kev muab nitroso (- NO) pawg, diazotization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog cov tebchaw xws li cov tshuaj tsw qab amines los tsim cov ntsev diazonium. Cov ntsev diazonium no tuaj yeem koom nrog kev sib txuas ntxiv, kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam, los ua ke cov organic tebchaw nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm.

3. Daim ntawv thov hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj

3.1 Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem
Hauv kev sim biochemical, nws yuav raug siv los tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Vim nws qee yam tshuaj lom neeg, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog biomolecules thiab ua rau muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntau. Los ntawm kev kawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nkag siab tob txog cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm biomolecules, qhia txog qhov tsis meej ntawm lub neej ua haujlwm.

3.2 Catalyst
Hauv qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yuav raug siv los ua cov catalyst. Catalysts tuaj yeem txo qhov ua kom lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Los ntawm nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem txhawb qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic thiab muab kev txhawb zog rau cov organic synthesis.

4. Daim ntawv thov hauv cov khoom noj (kom ceev faj)

4.1 Preservatives thiab Meat Preservation (Cov Teeb Meem)
Muaj qee qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.

Txawm tias theoreticallyisoamyl nitritemuaj cov nyhuv preservative thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov zaub mov tsis zoo thiab tsim cov nitrosamines, nws siv hauv cov khoom noj yog nruj me ntsis txwv thiab tswj. Nws muaj qee yam toxicity, thiab kev noj ntau dhau yuav ua rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, cov ntawv thov tsis yog ib txwm muaj thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb nruj thiab kev tswj hwm yuav tsum tau ua raws.

Hauv kev siv tswv yim, nitrite tebchaw xws li sodium nitrite feem ntau yog siv los ua zaub mov noj thiab nqaij preservatives. Cov tebchaw no muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam zaub mov, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau lawv cov kev siv thiab kev nyab xeeb teeb meem.