1,4-dioxane daws, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm 1,4-dioxane, yog cov organic compound nrog cov mis molecular ntawm C4H8O2, CAS 123-91-1, thiab molecular hnyav ntawm 88.11. Nws yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab nrog me ntsis ether zoo li tsw los yog hloov maj mam qab zib. Muaj peev xwm sib tov nrog dej thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic los ua ib qho azeotropic sib tov. azeotropic piv yog 81.6% rau dioxane, thiab azeotropic kub yog 87.8 degree. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev tuaj yeem muaj peroxides thiab diethanol formaldehyde. Nws yog cov kua hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau khaws cia thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws kub thiab tawg. Feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau nitrocellulose, celluloid, cellulose resin, zaub roj, roj ntxhia, thiab cov roj soluble dyes, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj dispersant rau dyes, dispersant rau cov xim ntoo, thiab cov kuab tshuaj rau cov roj soluble dyes. Nws kuj yog siv los tsim cov xim, varnishes, plasticizers, wetting agents, polishing agents, paint removers, perfume, preservatives, fumigants, disinfectants, deodorants thiab khoom siv kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov sib xyaw ua ke nrog sulfur trioxide thiab siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev sulfating hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ntau cov tebchaw; Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg ua haujlwm siab purity hlau nto kho mob, thiab lwm yam.
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Tshuaj Formula |
C4H8O2 |
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Exact Mass |
88 |
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Molecular Luj |
88 |
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m/z |
88 (100.0%), 89 (4.3%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 54.53; H, 9.15; O, 36.32 |
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Synthesis ntawm1,4-dioxane daws:
1. Nws yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm ethylene glycol nyob rau hauv acid catalysis los yog direct dimerization ntawm ethylene oxide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acid catalyst. Cov khoom siv hluavtaws ntxiv nrog alkali kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj acidic thiab dej, lim los ntawm kev nqus, thiab tom qab ntawd cov lim dej tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom tau txais 1,4-dioxane cov khoom ntshiab. Cov khoom siv raw ethylene oxide thiab ethylene glycol siv hauv ob txheej txheem no muaj tus nqi siab thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig; Cov kua qaub catalyst yog siv rau ob leeg. Kev kho mob tom qab yog qhov nyuaj thiab muaj kuab paug hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, ethylene oxide yog cov nplaim hluav taws kub thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg tawg, uas tsis yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los thiab siv.
2. 1,4-dioxane tau tsim los ntawm chloroethoxyethanol. 1, 4-dioxane tau tsim los ntawm chloroethoxyethanol thiab dilute aqueous daws ntawm alkali muaj zog (xws li alkali hlau lossis alkaline ntiaj teb hlau hydroxide). Cov khoom siv raw alkali tus nqi ntawm txoj kev no yog tsawg, thiab chloroethoxyethanol yog cov khoom siv los ntawm chloroethanol ntau lawm, thiab tus nqi qis; Cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau industrialize; Cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab purity, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam.
Reaction txoj cai: 1,4-dioxane yog synthesized los ntawm reacting chloroethoxyethanol nrog dilute aqueous tov ntawm inorganic muaj zog puag (xws li alkali hlau los yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau hydroxide) nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab los yog siab. Lub ntsiab lus sib npaug yog raws li nram no:
3. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ethylene glycol, muaj ntau ntau los ntawm -cov khoom ntawm diethylene glycol (tseem hu ua diethylene glycol), uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov kuab tshuaj siab tshaj 1,4-dioxane.
Reaction sib npaug:
1,4-dioxane dawsyog ib qho xim tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab kua organic compound uas muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj vim nws qhov zoo solubility thiab tshuaj stability.
Daim ntawv thov ua ib qho hnyav
Basic hnyav
Nws yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo heev uas tuaj yeem yaj ntau cov organic tebchaw, suav nrog cellulose acetate, resin, zaub roj, roj ntxhia, thiab lwm yam. Qhov solubility no ua rau 1,4-dioxane siv dav hauv kev lag luam xws li xim, coatings, thiab inks. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov khoom no, pab tswj cov viscosity, fluidity, thiab ziab ceev ntawm cov khoom, yog li txhim kho lawv cov khoom zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Dyes thiab pigment solvents
Hauv kev lag luam dyeing thiab pigment, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho dispersant thiab hnyav. Nws tuaj yeem pab dyes thiab pigments disperse zoo dua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, txhim kho cov uniformity thiab zoo ntawm dyeing thiab coloring. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov roj soluble dyes, pab lawv yaj hauv cov roj kom zoo dua.
Kev tsim cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb
Thaum tsim cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, lawv feem ntau siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem extraction ntawm kws tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab, nws muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug hnyav los pab nyob rau hauv lub extraction ntawm active cov khoom xyaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los npaj qee cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, xws li los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog sulfur trioxide thiab koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tebchaw ua tus neeg sawv cev sulfating.
Kev siv hauv cov khoom siv hluavtaws
Polyurethane hluavtaws tawv
Hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm polyurethane hluavtaws tawv, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav. Nws tuaj yeem pab polyurethane raw cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab ua kom zoo dua qub, yog li txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tawv hluavtaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev foaming ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj los pab ua npuas ncauj nthuav dav thiab ua kom zoo dua qub.
Lwm yam khoom siv hluavtaws
Ntxiv nrog rau polyurethane hluavtaws tawv, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm lwm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav rau cov amino acid hluavtaws tawv, pab cov amino acid raw cov ntaub ntawv hnov mob thiab ua kom zoo dua qub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los npaj qee yam polymers lossis cov ntaub ntawv cob.
Daim ntawv thov hauv Laboratory thiab Scientific Research
Catalyst cab kuj
Hauv chav kuaj thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus cab kuj rau catalysts. Nws tuaj yeem pab cov catalyst disperse zoo dua hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv iridium catalyzed olefin hloov hydrogenation txheej txheem siv cov khoom no raws li ib tug hydrogen qhov chaw, kev pab raws li ib tug cab kuj yuav txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txhim kho cov purity ntawm cov khoom.
Reaction nruab nrab thiab hnyav
Nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab lossis hnyav rau qee yam tshuaj lom neeg hauv chav kuaj. Nws cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab solubility ua rau nws tsim nyog rau ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog oxidation, txo, ntxiv, hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam. Hauv chav kuaj, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem siv cov yam ntxwv no los tsim thiab ua kom zoo rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li npaj cov khoom xav tau lossis cov khoom siv.
Lwm daim ntawv thov
Kev nyab xeeb kev thauj mus los ntawm chlorinated hydrocarbons nyob rau hauv txhuas ntim
Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua tus stabilizer los pab hauv kev nyab xeeb kev thauj mus los ntawm chlorinated hydrocarbons hauv cov thawv txhuas. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai xws li xau lossis tawg ntawm chlorinated hydrocarbons thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, yog li ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm txoj kev thauj mus los.
Emulsifiers thiab detergents
Nws muaj cov nyhuv emulsifying thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua emulsifier. Nws tuaj yeem pab ob cov kua dej sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua ua ke los tsim cov emulsion ruaj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev descaling los pab tshem tawm ntau yam av thiab roj.
Physicochemical Properties hauv Aqueous Solutions
► Basic Properties
1,4-Dioxane yog ib qho polar aprotic hnyav nrog qhov kub ntawm 101.1℃thiab qhov ntom ntawm 1.033 g / mL ntawm 25℃. Nws solubility nyob rau hauv dej yog zoo unlimited, tsim homogeneous sib tov txawm nyob rau hauv high concentrations. Qhov no miscibility tshwm sim los ntawm hydrogen bonding ntawm dej molecules thiab ether oxygen atoms nyob rau hauv 1,4-dioxane, txawm hais tias molecular dynamics simulations qhia tau hais tias 1,4-dioxane cuam tshuam cov dej hydrogen-bond network, txo cov dej-dej hydrogen bonds thiab hloov cov tshuaj viscosity.
► Kev faib tawm tus cwj pwm
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke qis qis octanol-dej faib coefficient (log Kow=-0.27) qhia txog hydrophilicity, txwv nws adsorption rau cov av thiab sediments. Nws cov organic carbon partition coefficient (log Koc=1.23) ntxiv qhia txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus sorption rau cov organic teeb meem, txhim kho nws txoj kev txav mus los hauv av. Cov khoom no ua rau nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv, vim 1,4-dioxane tuaj yeem txav tau sai los ntawm cov dej hauv dej.
► Stability thiab Reactivity
1,4-Dioxane tiv taus hydrolysis, photolysis, thiab biodegradation nyob rau hauv ambient tej yam kev mob. Advanced oxidation txheej txheem (AOPs) siv hydroxyl radicals (·OH) yuav tsum tau rau nws degradation, tab sis efficiency nyob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kinetics thiab matrix cuam tshuam. Piv txwv li, hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, · OH radicals hnov mob nrog 1,4-dioxane ntawm tus nqi tas li ntawm 1.2 × 10⁹ M⁻¹s⁻¹, tab sis kev sib tw nrog cov keeb kwm yav dhau los tuaj yeem txo cov kev kho mob.
Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam thiab kev siv keeb kwm
► Solvent Stabilizer
Txij xyoo 1950 mus txog rau xyoo 1990, 1,4-dioxane tau ntxiv rau cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated xws li TCA los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau hauv corrosive hydrochloric acid. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm 1,4-dioxane tau noj rau lub hom phiaj no. Tom qab TCA cov theem-tawm, cov seem 1,4-dioxane los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj pov tseg tseem yog thawj qhov chaw kis kab mob ntawm cov chaw lag luam.
► Pharmaceuticals thiab Cosmetics
1,4-Dioxane yog ib qho khoom siv los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm polyethylene glycol (PEG) thiab ethoxylated surfactants, uas yog siv hauv tshuaj zawv plaub hau, tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab tshuaj. Kev tswj hwm kev siv zog, xws li FDA cov lus qhia ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce impurities, tau txo nws qhov muaj nyob hauv cov neeg siv khoom, txawm hais tias keeb kwm kev kis kab mob tseem nyob hauv cov dej khib nyiab.
► Laboratories thiab Specialty Chemicals
Raws li cov kuab tshuaj ntau yam, 1,4-dioxane yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb lub chaw soj nstuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tau anhydrous tej yam kev mob. Nws kuj ua hauj lwm raws li qhov nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv polymerization thiab ua stabilizer hauv cov nplaum thiab sealants.
1,4-Dioxane cov kev daws teeb meem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tab sis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm hais tias kev tswj hwm kev siv zog tau txwv nws txoj kev siv hauv cov khoom siv, kev sib kis hauv av tseem yog qhov nyuaj. Advanced kho technologies thiab lwm yam kev nyab xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau mitigating raug. Raws li kev lag luam hloov mus rau kev coj ua kom ruaj khov, yav tom ntej ntawm 1,4-dioxane hinges ntawm kev ntsuas nws cov nqi hluav taws xob nrog kev tswj xyuas lub luag haujlwm los tiv thaiv pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv thiab ecosystems.
Cim npe nrov: 1,4-dioxane kua CAS 123-91-1, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom