Chlorhexidine hmoovyog ib tug ntau yam thiab muaj zog antiseptic neeg sawv cev lug siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob thiab kho hniav chaw. Muab los ntawm cov tshuaj biguanide, nws muaj dav -spectrum antimicrobial zog, zoo tsom cov kab mob, fungi, kab mob, thiab ib co protozoa. Nws cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam cuam tshuam cov kab mob ntawm cov cell membrane, ua rau kom cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cellular thiab cov cell tuag tom ntej.Cov hmoov no muaj ntau yam zoo. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov heev, tswj nws cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau dhau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab pH. Nws kuj yog dej-soluble, ua kom yooj yim npaj cov kev daws teeb meem raws li cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb rau ntau yam kev siv. Hauv kev kho mob, feem ntau yog yaj hauv dej los yog cawv los tsim kev daws teeb meem rau daim tawv nqaij antisepsis, ua ntej txhuam hniav, thiab dej qhov txhab.
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Tshuaj Formula |
C22H30Cl2N10 |
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Exact Mass |
504.20 |
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Molecular Luj |
505.45 |
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m/z |
504.20 (100.0%), 506.20 (63.9%), 505.21 (23.8%), 507.20 (15.2%), 508.20 (10.2%), 505.20 (3.7%), 506.21 (2.7%), 509.20 (2.4%), 507.20 (2.4%), 508.21 (1.7%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 52,28; H, 5,98; 14.03 Nws; Ib., 27.71 |
Nws muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau nws qhov ntev - kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob ntev, muab kev tiv thaiv seem txawm tias tom qab siv thawj zaug. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv kev phais kev cog hniav thiab kev kho hniav, qhov uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li txhua yam tshuaj tua kab mob, chlorhexidine yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau khaus lossis mob rau qee tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv ntev los yog ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau microbial tsis kam thiab cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mucosa. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob ua tib zoo ua raws li cov lus qhia pom zoo thaum muab tshuaj los yog tswj xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo.chlorhexidine hmoovsawv ua ib qho kev txhim khu kev qha thiab zoo tshuaj tua kab mob, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tswj cov tswv yim thoob plaws ntau yam kev kho mob.
Pharmacokinetics
Chlorhexidine, feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntsev xws li gluconate, acetate, thiab hydrochloride, ua kom pom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab kev tswj hwm. Thaum siv los ua tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj, kwv yees li 30% ntawm nws tseem nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj, maj mam tso rau hauv cov qaub ncaug. Kev tshawb fawb hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu tau pom tias kev nqus ntawm plab hnyuv tsis zoo; Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm 300 mg, qhov nruab nrab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntshav ntshav nce mus txog 0.206 ug / g 30 feeb tom qab. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov tshuaj tau tawm hauv cov quav, nrog tsawg dua 1% tawm hauv cov zis. Nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv plasma 12 teev tom qab kev tswj hwm, qhia txog nws qhov kev nqus dej tsawg.
Cov yam ntxwv tshuaj pharmacokinetic tshwj xeeb no ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo - haum rau kev tswj hwm hauv cheeb tsam es tsis txhob siv lub cev tag nrho - kev kho lub cev los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj lossis noj qhov ncauj. Nws cov kev siv tseem ceeb suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv daim tawv nqaij niaj hnub, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav antisepsis tsom cov kab mob xws li gingivitis thiab kab mob tom qab kis kab mob hauv qhov ncauj, nrog rau kev khaws tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab kev npaj kho qhov muag ophthalmic. Txawm li cas los xij, txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm nqus dej tsis zoo thiab qhov nqaim lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tus neeg sawv cev no tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej phais lossis kev tua kab mob ntawm lub cev zoo li quav thiab hnoos qeev.
Cov nyiaj seem nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj
Kwv yees li 30% ntawm Chlorhexidine tseem nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj tom qab gargling.
Qhov seem seem no maj mam tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj qaub ncaug.
Mob plab hnyuv
Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu tau pom tias nws muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub plab zom mov.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum nws nqos, nws tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv plab.
Plasma Concentration tom qab kev tswj qhov ncauj
Tom qab ib koob tshuaj ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm 300 mg tau noj, ntsuas cov tshuaj nqus tau sai sai, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntshav ntshav mus txog 0.206 ug / g nyob ib ncig ntawm 30 feeb tom qab tswj hwm. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntshav qis qis no qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm plab hnyuv nqus ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag, ua rau muaj kev faib tawm tsawg kawg thiab tag nrho cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj thoob plaws hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab hauv nruab nrog cev.
Kev tso tawm
Kwv yees li ntawm 90% ntawm absorbed Chlorhexidine thaum kawg raug tshem tawm ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm fecal excretion tom qab kev tswj hwm, thaum lub raum tshem tawm los ntawm cov zis tso nyiaj tsawg dua 1% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj noj. Tsis muaj cov tshuaj chlorhexidine uas tuaj yeem ntsuas tau nyob rau hauv cov ntshav plasma kuaj dhau 12 teev tom qab noj tshuaj -, uas tau lees paub tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua rau cov metabolism sai sai thiab tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev.
Cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus
Local Antiseptic nyhuv
Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pharmacological yog ua haujlwm zoo li cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv zos hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tom qab daim ntawv thov tshuaj pleev ib ce, tus neeg sawv cev ua kom nruj rau ntawm qhov ncauj qhov ncauj thiab cov hniav enamel, nyob twj ywm hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab maj mam tso cov khoom xyaw nquag tso rau hauv cov qaub ncaug dhau lub sij hawm ntev kom txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tua kab mob tas li.
Limited Systemic Absorption
Vim nws cov permeability tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv mucosal teeb meem, lub compound yog NW nyuam qhuav absorbed nyob rau hauv lub digestive ib ntsuj av thiab tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha system nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntau npaum li cas tom qab noj qhov ncauj.
Excretion Txoj Kev
Feem coob ntawm cov chlorhexidine uas tsis tau nqus tau dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab thaum kawg tshem tawm ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov quav. Tsuas yog qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov me me absorbed feem tau ua tiav los ntawm lub raum metabolism thiab tom qab tso tawm nrog cov zis, ua rau cov tshuaj tso zis tsawg heev.
Luv Plasma Ib nrab -Lub Neej
Thaum nqus tau rau hauv cov ntshav ncig, chlorhexidine tau nrawm nrawm nrawm ntawm cov ntshav plasma. Nws cov kev tawm dag zog nce zuj zus zuj zus mus rau lub sijhawm, thiab cov tshuaj poob qis hauv qab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau ua tiav los ntawm 12 teev tom qab- kev tswj hwm.
Cov tshuaj sib cuam tshuam
Chlorhexidine, ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob, cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam tshuaj hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws yog incompatible nrog anionic surfactants, xws li cov muaj nyob rau hauv ntau soaps thiab cleansers.
Kev sib xyaw nrog cov anionic tebchaw no tuaj yeem ua rau nag lossis daus, txo nws txoj kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qee yam cationic agents, xws li quaternary ammonium compounds, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov kab mob bactericidal. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau siv ceev faj vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij khaus.Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev nqus ntawm qee cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, xws li corticosteroids thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.Qhov no yog vim nws yuav khi rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab txo cov kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws raug pom zoo kom tso cai rau lub sijhawm txaus ntawm Daim ntawv thov thiab kev tswj hwm tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txo qis qhov kev cuam tshuam no.Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qee cov hlau ions, xws li txhuas thiab zinc, tsim cov dej tsis sib haum. Qhov no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum siv Chlorhexidine- muaj cov khoom siv ua ke nrog cov khoom siv hlau- raws li cov tshuaj los yog hnav khaub ncaws. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, thaum nws yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog kev cuam tshuam nrog anionic surfactants, cationic agents, qee yam tshuaj, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab hlau ions.
Qee qhov kev siv tseem ceeb
Chlorhexidine yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ib txhij nrog anionic tshuaj xws li xab npum, poov tshuaj iodide, thiab ib co iodine npaj. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog nws, ua rau inactivation lossis txo cov txiaj ntsig.
Thaum nws nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg ua hauj lwm ncua xws li alginate, los yog insoluble tebchaw xws li calcium, magnesium, thiab zinc, nws cov nyhuv yuav raug txo.
Cov tshuaj uas muaj ntau tshaj 0.05% Chlorhexidine yuav tsum tsis txhob tov nrog borates, bicarbonates, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, phosphates, thiab sulfates, vim lawv yuav tsim tsawg- solubility ntsev thiab precipitate tawm lub sij hawm.
Nws txoj kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm pH ntawm cov tshuaj thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov dej. Hauv dej tawv, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev insoluble, txo nws cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob.
Kev sib cuag nrog cov ntoo mos (xws li cork) tuaj yeem ua rau nws poob nws cov yeeb tshuaj.
Txawm hais tias tsis yog txhua qhov kev sib cuam tshuam tau nkag siab tag nrho, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob ua ntej siv nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj, vim tias tej zaum yuav tsis paub txog kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev nyab xeeb lossis kev ua tau zoo.
cuam tshuam
Tsis tshua muaj kev phiv cuam tshuam nrog muaj zog Controllability
Tiv tauj dermatitis
Kev ua tau zoo: Chlorhexidine tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib cuag dermatitis, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov tawv nqaij tsis zoo tshaj plaws. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li liab, o, khaus, pob khaus, hlwv, thiab lwm yam. Thaum mob hnyav, daim tawv nqaij rwj thiab exudation yuav tshwm sim.Mechanism: Kev sib cuag dermatitis feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm hom IV hypersensitivity cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm T hlwb tom qab kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm chlorhexidine thiab daim tawv nqaij.
Cov tawv nqaij khaus thiab hlawv
Kev ua tau zoo: Chlorhexidine tuaj yeem ua rau khaus tawv nqaij, ua rau liab, mob, kub hnyiab, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv siab concentration los yog siv ntev, nws tseem yuav ua rau tawv nqaij kub hnyiab.
Mechanism: Kev chim siab ntawm chlorhexidine tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws cov khoom siv tshuaj, vim tias nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua haujlwm, ua rau cov tawv nqaij tsis muaj dej noo thiab inflammatory tshwm sim. Kev Tiv Thaiv: Kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog suav nrog kev pom zoo ua haujlwm qis thiab tsis txhob siv cov txheej txheem ntev ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm chlorhexidine los ntawm cov tawv nqaij kub hnyiab {1}.
pigmentation
Cov tshuaj no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj kev tsis haum tshuaj thiab kev tuav pov hwm
Kev tsis haum tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Kev ua tau zoo:Chlorhexidine hmoovtuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj, suav nrog kev poob siab anaphylactic, angioedema, ua pa nyuaj, thiab lwm yam.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau tshwm sim sai thiab cov tsos mob hnyav heev, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj sia nyob - hem.
Mechanism: Cov tshuaj tsis haum rau lub cev yog tshwm sim los ntawm chlorhexidine ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv IgE hauv lub cev.
Ua pa tsis haum
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Chlorhexidine tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa tsis haum los ntawm kev nqus pa, tshwm sim raws li cov tsos mob xws li mob hawb pob, hawb pob, thiab hnoos.
Mechanism: Kev ua xua ua pa tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov tshuaj chlorhexidine mus rau hauv cov pa ua pa, ua rau cov pa ua pa tawm thiab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov.
Qhov muag ua haujlwm
Kev ua tau zoo: Chlorhexidine tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum rau ntawm lub qhov muag, tshwm sim raws li conjunctivitis, keratitis, thiab lwm yam. Cov tsos mob muaj xws li liab, o, mob, tearing, thiab photophobia ntawm qhov muag.
Mechanism: Kev ua xua hauv lub qhov muag tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm qhov muag cov ntaub so ntswg tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom chlorhexidine nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag.
Kev Tiv Thaiv: Kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis haum rau lub qhov muag, tsis txhob sib cuag nrog lub qhov muag thaum siv chlorhexidine. Yog tias yuam kev nkag mus rau qhov muag, yaug tam sim nrog dej kom ntau thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob.
Chlorhexidine muaj cov qauv molecular ntawm C22H30Cl2N10 thiab molecular hnyav ntawm 505.45. Nws tshwm sim raws li cov dawb los tawm- cov khoom dawb thiab yog soluble hauv qee cov kuab tshuaj xws li DMSO. Kev khaws cia kom zoo muaj xws li khaws cia ntawm 4℃thiab tiv thaiv nws ntawm lub teeb kom nws ruaj khov.Vim nws muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, nws yog siv rau hauv ntau yam kev kho mob. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev tua kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua ntej kev phais, kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov cuab yeej kho mob, thiab hauv cov khoom kho qhov ncauj. Nws tuaj yeem txo cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj kom zoo, txhawb kev kho mob hauv cov kab mob xws li qhov ncauj mucosal ulcers.Thaum nws feem ntau suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg siv, ntev -lub sij hawm raug lossis siv cov concentration ntau yuav ua rau cov tawv nqaij qhuav thiab ua xua.
Qee qhov kev tshaj tawm tsis zoo muaj xws li kev tsis txaus siab ntawm kev saj, kev hloov hniav ntawm cov hniav, kev tsis haum dermatitis, thiab, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, anaphylactic shock. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua raws li cov lus pom zoo thiab daim ntawv thov txoj hauv kev kom txo tau cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg kawg nkaus.Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, nws yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj ntau yam thiab muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev siv dav hauv kev kho mob thiab kev tu tus kheej. Nws lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam ntau yam kab mob ua rau nws yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj kev nyiam huv thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg siv yuav tsum paub txog cov kev mob tshwm sim uas yuav tshwm sim thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia siv kom raug kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo.
Chlorhexidine, ib qho dav -spectrum tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob raw khoom, yog npaj rau kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua nrog kev cia siab rau hauv ntiaj teb kev noj qab haus huv-kev tiv thaiv kab mob (HAI) kev tiv thaiv, kev kho mob, thiab kev saib xyuas tus kheej, ua tsaug rau nws cov qib siab -kev ua tau zoo bacteriostasis.3} nws cov roj tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog. kev loj hlob: ua ntej, qhov kev ua phem thoob ntiaj teb tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob (AMR) tau ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tsis yog - tshuaj tua kab mob tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov tsev kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem tua ntau dua 99.9% ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic xws li Staphylococcus aureus thiab Escherichia coli, nrog tsawg kawg ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm inducing kuj, zoo kawg nkaus ua tau raws li kev kho mob ceev.
Thib ob, txhim kho kev paub txog kev nyiam huv hauv cov lag luam tawm tshiab xws li Asia -Pacific thiab Latin America, nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khw noj qab haus huv thiab kev saib xyuas hauv tsev, tau txhawb nqa kev siv cov hmoov formulations hauv tshuaj tua kab mob, kev tu ko taw, kev saib xyuas qhov ncauj, thiab lwm yam xwm txheej. Thib peb, thev naus laus zis nce qib hauv kev tswj hwm- tso tawm thiab nano-encapsulation yog nthuav dav nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv siab -kawg teb xws li ntev- ua cov ntaub qhwv lub qhov txhab thiab cov khoom siv kho hniav. Hauv kev ua lag luam, lub ntiaj teb chlorhexidine raw khoom lag luam tswj kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua. High-purity hmoov, uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev npaj tshuaj, tau ua tiav kev loj hlob tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom hauv Is Nrias teb, Tuam Tshoj, thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
Technologically, qhov optimization ntawm siab -purity ntau lawm txheej txheem thiab kev loj hlob ntawm compound formulations (xws li synergistic ua ke nrog cov nroj tsuag extracts) yog ntxiv txhim kho nws txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo. Cov kev sib tw muaj xws li hais txog kev txhawj xeeb txog kev phiv xws li khaus khaus thiab ua raws li cov kev cai nruj nruj hauv kev lag luam xws li cov teb chaws Europe thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom sib tw, xws li kev sib tw zoo sib xws. Zuag qhia tag nrho, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kho mob, kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov lag luam tawm tshiab,chlorhexidine hmoovyuav txuas ntxiv mus koom ua ke nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab nws txoj kev lag luam muaj peev xwm vam meej.
FAQ
Kev siv chlorhexidine yog dab tsi?
Chlorhexidine yog sivkho gingivitis. Nws pab txo qhov mob (redness) thiab o ntawm koj cov pos hniav thiab txo cov pos hniav los ntshav. Gingivitis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob uas loj hlob hauv txheej (plaque) uas tsim rau ntawm koj cov hniav ntawm cov hniav txhuam hniav.
Puas yog chlorhexidine yaug nyab xeeb thaum cev xeeb tub?
Nws feem ntau xav tias yuav ua li cas siv cov khoom uas muaj chlorhexidine thaum cev xeeb tub. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv me me txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom chlorhexidine thaum cev xeeb tub, tab sis lawv tsis xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Puas yog chlorhexidine tib yam li ChloraPrep?
ChloraPrep yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis muaj menyuam uas muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate hauv 70% Isopropyl cawv, uas yog zoo rau ob qho tib si ceev thiab pheej txo cov kab mob load thoob plaws ntau lub cev cheeb tsam rau ib tug dav spectrum ntawm kab mob.
Yuav siv chlorhexidine li cas rau kev phais?
Pib los ntawm lub puab tsaig, rub koj lub cev nrog CHG. Siv sijhawm li 5 feeb los maj mam ntxuav koj lub cev. Ntxuav thaj chaw uas koj qhov kev phais yuav tau ua zaum kawg, thiab ua rau thaj chaw ntawd ntxiv. Tam sim no koj muaj CHG ntawm koj lub cev, tos li 2 feeb ua ntej yaug tawm.
Cim npe nrov: chlorhexidine hmoov cas 55-56-1, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom