Shaanxi BLOOM Tech Co., Ltd. yog ib tug ntawm cov uas paub txog manufacturers thiab lwm tus neeg ntawm nystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100mg nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Txais tos rau cov lag luam wholesale bulk zoo nystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100mg rau muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Kev pabcuam zoo thiab tus nqi tsim nyog muaj.
Nystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100 mgyog polyene antifungal qhov ncauj npaj feem ntau siv los kho mob plab candidiasis, xws li qhov ncauj, esophageal, thiab plab hnyuv kab mob. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, nystatin, ua rau cov kab mob bactericidal los ntawm kev khi rau sterols hauv cov kab mob fungal, cuam tshuam membane permeability thiab ua rau kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm tes. Nws yog qhov nkag siab zoo rau cov kab mob fungal xws li Candida, Cryptococcus, thiab Aspergillus. Cov tshuaj no yog cov ntsiav tshuaj uas muaj suab thaj uas zoo li daj lossis xim av daj tom qab tshem tawm cov txheej. Nws yuav tsum tau muab kaw thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 20 degree, deb ntawm lub teeb. Lub neej txee feem ntau yog 24 lub hlis.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm chemical compound:
Peb cov khoom tsim
Nystatin +. COA
Tshuaj Classification thiab Chemical Essence:
Raws li polyene macrolide antifungal tshuaj tua kab mob,Nystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100 mgCov qauv tshuaj muaj xws li conjugated polyene sab chains thiab lactone nplhaib skeleton. Cov qauv no tso cai rau nws nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kab mob: lub conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov qauv sterol ntawm fungal membraes, thaum lub nplhaib lactone muab cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj muaj xws li nystatin A1, A3, thiab polymyxin B, uas ua ke txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua: Sterol binding thiab membrne permeability hloov
1. Sterol tshwj xeeb khi
Nystatin tshwj xeeb khi rau ergosterol hauv cov kab mob fungal los ntawm nws cov qauv polyene. Ergosterol yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob fungal, ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj cov membran fluidity thiab kev ncaj ncees. Lub conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus system nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj molecules yog embedded nyob rau hauv lub hydrophobic cheeb tsam ntawm ergosterol nyob rau hauv ib tug π - π stacking yam, tsim ib tug ruaj khov complex. Qhov kev khi no muaj kev xaiv siab, thiab cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov tsiaj txhu tsis tuaj yeem khi zoo rau Nystatin vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, yog li piav qhia txog kev xaiv toxicity ntawm cov tshuaj rau fungi.
2. Kev hloov pauv loj heev hauv daim tawv nqaij permeability
Kev tsim cov tshuaj sterol complexes ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob fungal hauv qab no:
Micro pore tsim: Kev sib xyaw ua ke ua rau kev tsim kho hauv zos ntawm cov kab mob lipid bilayer, tsim cov ion tsis xaiv ion channel nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm kwv yees li 1-2 nm.
Dysregulation ntawm lipid kev npaj: Cov tshuaj tso tshuaj cuam tshuam qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov lipids hauv lub cev, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov dej hauv lub cev thiab poob ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Conformational hloov nyob rau hauv membane proteins: thauj thiab enzymes embedded nyob rau hauv lub membane ua tsis ua hauj lwm vim yog kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub membane ib puag ncig, ntxiv cuam tshuam cellular metabolism.
Cov kev hloov pauv no ua rau tsis muaj kev tswj hwm efflux ntawm cov ions tseem ceeb thiab cov molecules me me hauv cytomembrane:
Potassium ion depletion: Lub intracellular K ⁺ concentration poob sharply ntawm li 140 mM mus rau<10 mM, leading to a breakdown of resting membran potential.
ATP to: ATP tsim los ntawm mitochondria xau ncaj qha los ntawm cov kab mob membrae pores, thiab intracellular ATP qib txo qis dua 80% hauv 30 feeb.
Kev poob ntawm metabolic intermediates: Amino acids xws li glutamate thiab aspartic acid, nrog rau cov piam thaj metabolic intermediates xws li qabzib-6-phosphate, ntws tawm, thaiv txoj hauv kev tsim lub zog.
3. Cascade cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cytomembrane tuag
Membrae kev ncaj ncees cuam tshuam ua rau ntau yam cytomembrane txoj kev tuag:
Permeative o o: Cov dej molecules nkag mus rau cytomembans los ntawm cov pores membane, ua rau 30-50% nce hauv cytomembran ntim thiab thaum kawg ua rau membran rupture.
Oxidative stress: Leaked ATP yog degraded los ntawm extracellular ATPase rau hauv adenosine, uas activates NADPH oxidase los ntawm purine receptors, ua superoxide anion (O ₂⁻) thiab hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂).
Apoptosis zoo li kev pab cuam: Kev poob ntawm mitochondrial membane muaj peev xwm ua rau tso tawm cytochrome c, ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv caspase cascade, thiab pib ntawm DNA fragmentation.
1. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm koob tshuaj
Cov kev sim hauv vitro tau pom tias Nystatin muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentration (MIC) ntawm 0.5-2 μ g / mL thiab tsawg kawg bactericidal concentration (MBC) ntawm 1-4 μ g / mL tiv thaiv Candida albicans. Cov tshuaj concentration thiab cov kab mob bactericidal nthuav tawm biphasic nkhaus:
Tsawg concentration (<1 μ g/mL): mainly inhibits fungal growth, blocks spore germination and hyphal extension by interfering with membane function.
High concentration (>5 μ g / mL): induces ceev cytomembane tuag, tua tshaj 90% ntawm fungal cytomembrane nyob rau hauv 30 feeb.
2. Lub sij hawm cuam tshuam nkhaus
Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj tsim ib puag ncig siab hauv lub plab zom mov hauv zos:
Esophageal infection: Effective concentration can be reached at the lesion site within 5 minutes after ingestion, with a duration of>4 hnu.
Cov kab mob hauv plab: Peak concentrations (kwv yees li 10-20 μ g / g cov ntaub so ntswg) tau mus txog rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg ileum thiab txoj hnyuv 2-4 teev tom qab tswj qhov ncauj, thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau 12-24 teev.
3. Antifungal spectrum
Nystatin muaj peev xwm tua cov kab mob hauv qab no:
Candida genus: Candida albicans, Candida tropical, Candida du (MIC ntau yam 0.125-2 μg / mL)
Cryptococcus genus: Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC 0.5-4 μg / mL)
Aspergillus genus: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus (MIC 1-8 μg / mL)
Mucomycota: Rhizopus, Mucomycota (MIC 2-16 μg / mL)
Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton rubrum (MIC 0.25-4 μg / mL)
Nws kuj qhia tau hais tias muaj kev nkag siab me ntsis rau cov kab mob biphasic (xws li Clostridium perfringens thiab Dermatitis blastogenes) thiab qee yam xim dub (xws li Peyer's thaj ua rau thaj).
Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Response Strategies
1. Mechanism ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv
Kev soj ntsuam soj ntsuam tau pom tias ntev - sivnystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100 mgtuaj yeem ua rau cov kev tawm tsam hauv qab no:
Upregulation ntawm ergosterol synthesis: Overexpression ntawm ERG11 noob ua rau ib tug 3-5 fold nce nyob rau hauv ergosterol ntau lawm, sib tw inhibiting tshuaj binding.
Membrae twj tso kua mis efflux: Overexpression ntawm ATP binding cassette transporters xws li CDR1 thiab MDR1 twj tshuaj tawm ntawm lub cytomembrane.
Kev hloov pauv hauv membran muaj pes tsawg leeg: Qee cov tshuaj- cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txo cov tshuaj binding affinity los ntawm kev nce sphingolipid cov ntsiab lus los yog hloov membran lipid saturation.
Biofilm tsim: Candida albicans biofilm tuaj yeem txo cov tshuaj nkag los ntawm 50-80% thiab nce MIC los ntawm 16-32 zaug.
2. Cov tswv yim daws teeb meem kho mob
Kev sib xyaw ua ke: Thaum siv ua ke nrog fluconazole, nws tuaj yeem kov yeej biofilm teeb meem thiab muaj qhov in vitro synergistic Performance index (FIC) tsawg dua 0.5.
Pulse kev tswj hwm: Siv siab - kev kho tshuaj sib quas ntus (xws li 2 lab units ib hnub) tuaj yeem txo qis kev xaiv siab.
Local enhancer: Ua ke nrog EDTA, nws tuaj yeem chelate calcium ions los rhuav tshem cov biofilm matrix thiab txhim khu kev nkag mus rau cov tshuaj.
Nystatin siv tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm kev xaiv cuam tshuam cov kab mob fungal. Lub conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv polyene tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog lub conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus system ntawm ergosterol, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv membane thiab nce permeability. Cov txheej txheem no yog kev xaiv heev, vim tib neeg cov membanes tsis muaj ergosterol, yog li Nystatin tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus tswv cytomembrans.
Kev nqus ntawm qhov ncauj: Nystatin yuav luag tsis nqus los ntawm lub plab zom mov tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, thiab nws cov bioavailability tsawg heev (<1%), so the systemic blood concentration can be ignored. This characteristic makes it an ideal drug for treating fungal infections in the digestive tract, which can avoid systemic side effects.
Localized infiltration:
Qhov muag tee: Tom qab siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov tshuaj feem ntau tseem nyob hauv lub hnab ntim khoom, ua rau nws nyuaj rau nkag mus rau lub pob kws thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag sab hauv. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib sib zog nqus - kab mob xws li cov kab mob intraocular o thiab tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov kab mob fungal nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cornea lossis conjunctiva.
Lub qhov ncauj tee: tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv hauv qhov ncauj, ua haujlwm ncaj qha rau thaj chaw muaj kab mob, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam siab thiab ntev ntev.
Metabolism thiab excretion: Cov tshuaj Unabsorbed raug tso tawm los ntawm cov quav uas tsis muaj daim siab lossis lub raum ua haujlwm, yog li cov neeg mob lub siab lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm tsis tas yuav kho cov tshuaj.
Nystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100 mgmuaj zog inhibitory nyhuv ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no:
Candida genus: Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, thiab lwm yam, yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj nyiam rau kev kho qhov ncauj candidiasis (thrush) thiab qhov chaw mos candidiasis.
Cryptococcus genus: Nws muaj qee yam kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv Cryptococcus neoformans, tab sis fluconazole lossis amphotericin B feem ntau siv hauv kev kho mob.
Lwm cov fungi: Qee cov kab mob dermatophytes (xws li Trichophyton epidermidis) rhiab heev rau Nystatin, tab sis lawv daim ntawv thov kev kho mob tsuas yog txwv.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ntev - siv Nystatin tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob fungal, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom muab lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (xws li fluconazole qhov muag tee) los kho cov kab mob hnyav.
Pharmacokinetic yam ntxwv thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob
1. Kev nqus thiab kev faib tawm
Kev nqus ntawm qhov ncauj: Yuav luag tsis nqus los ntawm lub plab zom mov, nrog rau bioavailability ntawm<0.5%, ensuring that the drug is limited to the digestive tract to exert local effects.
Kev faib tawm: Cov ntsiab lus siab (10-50 μ g / g) tau ua tiav hauv cov mucosa ntawm txoj hlab pas, plab, hnyuv me, thiab cov hnyuv, nrog rau cov ntshav siab.<0.1 μ g/mL.
Kev muaj peev xwm nkag mus: tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv lossis cov kab mob mucosal, tab sis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov kab mob inflammatory (xws li cov kab mob ulcerated ntawm candidal esophagitis).
2. Metabolism thiab excretion
Txoj kev metabolic: Lub plab microbiota tuaj yeem hydrolyze txog 10% ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv cov metabolites tsis ua haujlwm.
Txoj kev tshem tawm: Tshaj 95% tawm hauv nws daim ntawv qub los ntawm cov quav, nrog ib nrab - lub neej ntawm 6-8 teev.
Cov neeg tshwj xeeb: Cov neeg mob lub siab tsis ua haujlwm tsis tas yuav kho qhov ntau npaum li cas, thiab cov neeg mob lub raum tsis ua haujlwm tsis tas yuav kho cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cov tshuaj tsis tawm hauv lub raum.
Daim ntawv thov kev kho mob thiab pov thawj ua tau zoo
1. Cov lus qhia, kev siv thiab ntau npaum li cas
Qhov ncauj candidiasis: Siv qhov ncauj, 500000 units (1 ntsiav tshuaj) txhua zaus, 4 zaug hauv ib hnub, nrog rau kev kho mob ntawm 7-14 hnub.
Esophageal candidiasis: Kev tswj qhov ncauj, 1 lab units (2 ntsiav tshuaj) txhua zaus, 3 zaug hauv ib hnub, nrog rau kev kho mob ntawm 14-21 hnub.
plab hnyuv candidiasis: kev tswj qhov ncauj, 1-2 lab units (2-4 ntsiav tshuaj) txhua zaus, 3 zaug hauv ib hnub, nrog rau kev kho mob ntawm 14-28 hnub.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Cov neeg mob tiv thaiv kab mob (xws li cov neeg tau txais kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev) tuaj yeem noj 500000 units ntawm qhov ncauj ib hnub los tiv thaiv kab mob Candida.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kho tau zoo
Kev kis kab mob hauv qhov ncauj: Randomized tswj kev sim tau pom tias nyob rau hnub 5 ntawm kev kho mob, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob nyem tau mus txog 85% thiab cov kab mob fungal tshem tawm yog 92%.
Cov kab mob esophageal: Kev kuaj mob endoscopic pom tau tias tom qab 2 lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob, qhov kev kho mob ntawm lub qhov txhab yog 78%, thiab qhov ploj ntawm qhov tsis tseeb yog 91%.
Intestinal infection: Diarrhea symptoms significantly improve within 3-5 days, and the conversion rate of fecal fungal culture to negative is>85%.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev sib raug zoo Taboos
1. Kev sib cuam tshuam tseem ceeb
Saccharomyces boulardii: Cystatin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev ua ntawm cov probiotic no, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm ob yuav tsum muaj sijhawm tsawg kawg 2 teev.
Voclosporin: tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nephrotoxicity thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov ntshav creatinine thiab electrolytes.
Antacids: Antacids uas muaj txhuas thiab magnesium tuaj yeem txo cov tshuaj solubility, thiab nws raug nquahu kom noj lawv txhua teev.
2. Compatibility taboos
Cawv: Tej zaum yuav ua rau mob plab hnyuv, haus cawv yuav tsum zam thaum kho.
Kev noj zaub mov muaj roj ntau: tuaj yeem ncua lub plab zom mov, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam rau kev nqus tshuaj.
Nystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100 mgtshwj xeeb cuam tshuam cov qauv sterol ntawm cov kab mob fungal, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov kab mob permeability thiab ua rau cytomembrane tuag. Nws cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb endows nws muaj kev xaiv toxicity rau fungi, thiab nws tsis absorbable xwm thaum noj qhov ncauj ua rau nws nyiam kev kho mob rau gastrointestinal candidiasis.
Cim npe nrov: Nystatin ntsiav tshuaj 100mg, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom