Los ntawm kev pom ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob me me thiab cov kev ntseeg ntawm covSpinosad Hmoovyog qhov tseeb crystalline daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tiv thaiv mechanicalchism ua haujlwm los ntawm Av ActinomycetycyspolysPora. Nws cov qauv xim tshwj xeeb thiab cov polycycized ether kab txuas (spinoyn a thiab d) tuaj yeem tsom kwm molecular mimicry mechanism. Lub vev xaib khi yog tsis yog qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob tsis ntev los no, tab sis theej lub cev tsis tu ncua ntawm sodium ion raws cov neeg neionotransmitter acetylcholine los ntawm kev ua kom tau yooj yim. Cov tshuab no ua rau tuag tes tuag taw vim qhov cuam tshuam tiav ntawm kev sib kis tsis sib xws thiab lub zog depletion. Qhov kev xaiv tau sib txawv ntawm nws cov chaw sib khi hauv cov kab thiab cov tsiaj ntawv tsiaj cov khoom siv tsiaj ob puas xyoo, constituting lub hauv paus ntawm nws kev nyab xeeb. Txawm tias ntau qhov xav tsis thoob, nws undergoes photoinitiated oxidative oxidating teeb, nrog alkenes thiab thaj chaw thaj chaw nyob rau hauv cov molecule ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Qhov no ua {- hauv "ib puag ncig tus kheej {7} Kev muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev phom sij ecological, kos npe rau cov kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm biopesticides.
Peb Cov Khoom
Doxycycline yog kev sib xyaw ntawm spinosyn a thiab spiposyn d, nrog spinosyn a muaj lub ntsiab lus melted ntawm 84-99.5 DegreeS thiab SpineSyn d muaj lub ntsiab lus melt ntawm 161.5-170 degree. Nws yog qhov tsis muaj kuab paug thiab ua kom muaj roj ntsha ntawm macrolide class extracted los ntawm fermentation broth ntawm av actinomycetycelporo catcharosa. Qhov ntau txoj kev nplua nuj feminance yog Ameslikas cais los ntawm kev tso tseg hauv Caribbean. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav ntawm DW agochemicals (tam sim no dos ua liaj ua teb Cov khoom siv tswv yim yog kev sib xyaw ntawm spinosyn a thiab spiposyn d, li no nws yog hu ua spinosad.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm kev sib txuas lus:
|
|
|
Spinosad +. coa
Cov cuab yeej tshuaj
Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem
Doxycycline yog qhov sib xyaw muaj ntau dua kaum lub Cheebtsam, nrog kiv nrog kiv thiab spiposyn d ua lub ntsiab. Nws cov qauv molecular muaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj xws li mactrocyclic lactone rings, uas tau xaus nrog kev ua haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Tej Tshuaj Lom Zem
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov kuab tshuaj:Spinosad Hmoovtuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog dej cawv, cov rog hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, esters rau nws cov txheej txheem npaj ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem.
Kev sib cuam tshuam nrog biomolecules: polmascin tsuas yog txo cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog acetylcholic acid acid (gama) cov kua qaub (GABA) hauv cov kab ua kab. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua kom ua kom muaj lub hom phiaj acetylcholine nicotinic receptors, tab sis nws phau ntawv khi yog txawv ntawm nicotine thiab imidacloprid; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam Gaba receptors, hloov cov haujlwm ntawm Gaba gated chloride raws, thiab ntxiv txhim kho lawv cov tshuaj tua kab.
Haum rau ntau yam ntawm cov qoob loo, suav nrog cov zaub, ntoo txiv ntoo, horticulture, thiab cov qoob loo. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab tswj ntau yam kab tsuag, xws li Lepidoptera kab tsuag (Cabbacco txiv ntoo ya, thiab lwm yam), thiab locasts. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov fungicides kuj tseem siv tau rau kev tswj kev muaj tshuaj tua kab ntawm cov nyom thiab cov khoom kom muaj txiaj ntsig, xws li cov xuab zeb uas tsis tau) thiab ntsaum hluav taws. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau ua kab nuv ntses ya cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ya, xws li siv cov txiv kab ntxwv txiv ntoo yoov, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntsaum hluav taws kub. Nyob rau tam sim no, cov fungicides tau kawm rau siv nyob rau hauv tsiaj txhu tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov phiaj xwm), thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tsiaj txhu (xws li ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tsiaj txhu.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov hom phiaj
Lepidoptera Cov kab tsuag: xws li cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae ntawm beetworm, tshuaj ntsuab ntawm cov tub rog, cov ntaub so ntawm cov menyuam yaus, cov ntaub so ntawm cov menyuam yaus, cov nqaij qaib ua kom zoo nkauj, qhov chaw tswj tau zoo dua.
Diptera kab tsuag: xws li cov txiv kab ntxwv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ya, Asmeskas Miner Miner ya, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tsuag thiab pub mis yuav siv tau los ntxias lawv.
Cov kab ntawm cov xaj ua kom dawb, xws li thrips. Thrips tau faib ua hom qoob loo thiab kab mob hauv Suav teb, thiab tam sim no tsis muaj cov tshuaj tua kab hauv lub tsev ua haujlwm kom tawm tsam hom kev tawm tsam no. Txawm li cas los xij, Polymyxin tsuas yog qhov tshuaj tua kab rau kev ua tau zoo rau kev thrips hauv kev ua lag luam tam sim no. Thaum tswj tau thrips, siv 20-30ml ntawm doxorubicin rau ib mu ntawm covyees tshuaj tsuag, tsom mus rau cov menyuam yaus xws li paj, cov txiv ntoo hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua.
Coleoptera thiab Orthoptera Kab Tsuag: tuaj yeem tswj hwm qee cov nplooj pub zaub kab nuv ntses hauv Coleoptera thiab Orthoptera, xws li qos kab.
Lwm cov kab tsuag: nws tseem muaj qee yam kev tswj hwm ntawm kev nyiam huv thiab cov kab tsuag xws li cov ntsaum hluav taws liab, thiab muaj cov kab nuv ntses muaj rau kev siv.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm siab tshaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae ntawm cov qhua diamondback moth, 5% txwv tus neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj hwm. Tshwj xeeb, 1000-1500 lub sij hawm ntawm cov kua tuaj yeem siv rau cov tshuaj tsuag tusytly, lossis 33-50 ml ntawm kev ncua ntawv yuav siv tau txhua 667 square metres kom tsuag 20-50 kg dej.
Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov beet cov tub rog, nws raug nquahu kom tshuaj tsuag thaum lub sijhawm ntxov. Txhua 667 square metres, 50 txog 100 lab tus neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj tsuag 30 phaus dej, thiab cov nyhuv zoo dua nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj.
Lub sijhawm tshwm sim lub sijhawm ntawm thrips, 5% tshem tawm kuj tseem siv tau rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj hwm. Tshwj xeeb, 30 kg ntawm dej yuav tsum tau tshuaj tsuag nrog 33-50 ntawm kev tshem tawm txhua tus neeg sawv cev txhua 667 square metres, lossis 1000-1500 zaug ntawm cov kua yuav tsum siv rau tshuaj tsuag txawm tias muaj tshuaj tsuag Thaum ua ntawv thov tshuaj tua kab, cov xim tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov menyuam yaus xws li paj, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hluas, thiab cov khoom sib tw.
Rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov txiv qaub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov,Spinosad Hmoovraug nquahu kom siv cov txuj ci txau thiab pub mis. Feem ntau hais lus, 50-100 milliliters ntawm 0.2% cov kab nuv ntses tuaj yeem tau txau txhua 667 square metres kom ntxias thiab tua txiv kab ntxwv txiv kab ntxwv yoov.
Kev tswj hwm ntawm paj rwb bollworm thiab luam yeeb ntsuab ntsuab worm kuj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm thaum ntxov Larval theem ntawm cov kab tsuag thaum ntxov. Txhua tus mu tuaj yeem yuav diluted nrog 2 ~ 6mL ntawm 48% kev tua tus neeg sawv cev rau tus neeg sawv cev thiab 20 ~ 50 pua dej, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txau nrog txau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev ceev faj hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua thaum siv cov fungicides: zam kev tsis muaj dej thiab pas dej paug, thiab lwm yam; Cov tshuaj yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias thiab qhuav; Tom qab daim ntawv thov kawg, tos 7 hnub ua ntej sau; Zam txhob sawv los ntawm cov dej nag hauv 24 teev tom qab tshuaj tsuag; Tib lub sijhawm, cov xim yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej.
Mechanism thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nqis tes ua
Mechanism ntawm Kev Ua
Kev ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm Acetylcholine Cov Khoom Siv: Polymin tsis tu ncua cov kab mob thiab cov hlab ntsha tsis ua haujlwm xws li tshee thiab tuag tes tuag taw, thaum kawg ua rau muaj kab tsuag kev tuag.
Qhov cuam tshuam rau Gaba Receptors: Doxomycin tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam Gaba receptors, hloov cov haujlwm ntawm Gaba gated chloride channel, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam pests.
Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm
Hom tshiab ntawm kev nqis tes ua: tsis zoo li cov macrolide sib txuas thiab lwm cov tshuaj tua kab, nws muaj lub tshuab tshuaj tua kab.
Ceev ceev tshuaj tua kab nrawm: Cov nyhuv tshuaj yuav pom nyob rau hnub thov, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab yuav muab piv rau cov tshuaj tua kab.
Nws muaj ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: nws muaj kev sib cuag sai thiab tuaj yeem tua cov kab tsuag, muaj peev xwm tua tau cov kab tsuag, thiab muaj qee lub qe ua rau muaj qee cov kab tsuag.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: nws yog cov tshuaj ntshiab uas nquag ua los ntawm microbial metabolism, nrog cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tus mob toxicity tsawg rau cov tsiaj thiab cov noog, thiab tsuas yog me ntsis nruab nrab toxicity mus rau cov tsiaj dej. Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj phytotoxicity thiab kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov tsiaj txhu ntuj. Vim nws txhais cov txheej txheem kab ke, tau tsis muaj cov lus ceeb toom ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig tsis kam nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab.
Tsis muaj cov nyhuv sab hauv:Spinosad HmoovTsis muaj kev ua haujlwm sab hauv, thiab cov tshuaj tsuag yuav tsum tau sib xyaw thiab txawj xav los xyuas kom meej tias cov nplooj nplaim, nraub qaum thiab yuav tsum tau coated.
Cov cim neuropharmggracgraphological Action hom
Spinosad Hmoov, raws li lub ntuj muaj tshuaj tua kab ntawm cov av Actinomycety StreptorycetyComy, tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tswj kab ua liaj ua teb thiab kev tshem tawm tsiaj. Qhov no yog ntaus nqi rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov nyom neurochamgracgacological Action hom.
Cov nyhuv ntawm cov kab acetylcholine receptors
Acetylcholine yog ib qho tseem ceeb neurotransmitter nyob rau hauv cov kab leeg kab thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xa tawm ntawm neural paib. Cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv Spinosad hmoov tuaj yeem ua rau pom cov kab mob acetylcholine ntawm cov kab paj hlwb ntawm cov kab, tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom siv Nicotincholine (Nachr). Thaum Spinosad khi rau cov receptors no, nws ua rau cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev sib txawv. Tsis zoo li ib txwm niaj hnub neurotoxins, nws tsis yooj yim thaiv lossis tshaj {{}}}}} {Ua rau cov cim ib txwm muaj ntawm cov cim hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj. Qhov kev khi no ua rau kev sib txuas ntawm lub receptor hloov, ua rau lub sijhawm tsis zoo thiab ion permeability ntawm cov channel. Nquag, thaum acetylcholine khi rau lub receptor, nws ua rau sodium ion Inclass, tsim muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo li cas, thiab yog li xa cov phiajcim negural. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab cov lus qhib rau cov lus teb, qhov qhib ntawm cov ntsev ion channel ua tsis tau zoo, ua rau cov hlab ntsha mus txuas ntxiv. Qhov no txuas ntxiv depolation xeev txwv tsis pub muaj cov hlab ntsha rov qab los mus rau lub peev xwm so, yog li thaiv cov kev sib kis tsis sib xws ntawm cov cim xeeb. Cov kab yuav pom cov tsos mob xws li kev txaus siab ntau dhau, tshee, thiab tshee, thiab tuag vim yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb. Piv txwv li, thaum tswj cov paj rwb bollworms, thaum cov larvae ntawm paj rwb bollworms haus cov zaub mov uas muaj cov zaub mov muaj zog, thiab pub mis ib txwm, thiab thaum kawg tuag.
Cov nyhuv ntawm - aminobutyric acid receptors
- inechutyric acid (Gaba) yog qhov tseem ceeb inibitory Neurotransmitter nyob rau hauv cov kab hauv qab cov kab hauv qab. Nws tswj tau qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neurons los ntawm kev khi rau Gaba receptors thiab tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov hlab hlwb. Spinosad hmoov kuj muaj cov nyhuv ntawm Gaba receptors ntawm cov kab. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho lub affinity ntawm gaba mus rau cov receptors, ua rau muaj ntau chloride ion chanels qhib. Qhov loj heev rau chloride ions ua rau hyperpolarization ntawm cov hlab hlwb, txuas ntxiv inhibiting qhov kev txaus siab ntawm neurons. Qhov no ob txhais tau hais tias, ntawm ib sab tes, nws ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlwb los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov nyiaj pab nyiaj ntsuab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ua haujlwm ntawm kab. Hauv cov kab, ob qho teebmeem no ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ua ke, nrawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov kab ua kab. Kev co kab laum ua ib qho piv txwv, thaum cockraches tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag los ntawm acetylcholine recetors thiab kev ua kom qeeb li qeeb, ploj ntawm tes tuag, thiab kev tuag.
Kev xaiv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam neuropharmacacacacacacacichological ntawm Spinosad hmoov
Lub weuropharmgacological Action hom ntawm Spinosad hmoov yog heev xaiv. Txoj kev uas nws ua rau ntawm Acetylcholine Receptors thiab Gaba Receptors ntawm cov kab yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tsiaj muaj tsiaj. Hauv lub cev Mammalian, txawm hais tias tseem muaj acetylcholine receptors thiab Gaba receptors, lub affinity ntawm cov recosad rau cov khoom siv tsawg, ua rau nws nyuaj ua kom pom tseeb neurotoxic cuam tshuam. Qhov no ua rau Spinnosad kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv hauv kev tua kab ua liaj ua teb thiab raws li nws ua rau tib neeg tsis txaus ntseeg rau tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsis yog {hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, hauv cov roj ntsha, siv cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob mub thiab zuam, thaum yuav luag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus tsiaj lub paj hlwb. Cov tsiaj txhu feem ntau tsis pom zoo cov kev nyuaj siab tom qab noj cov tshuaj.
Kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov qeeb
Vim yog cov cim neuropharmaccological Action hom ntawm Spinosad hmoov uas muaj ntau lub hom phiaj hloov chaw pathways, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov kab los tsim nws. Piv nrog rau qee cov tshuaj tua kab ib txwm muaj nrog ib lub hom phiaj, kab yuav tsum tau yeb ntau hom kev sib cav sib hloov mus rau spinosad. Qhov no ua rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm spinosad kuj qeeb thaum ntev {2} -} kav tswj. Kev ua liaj ua teb ua liaj ua teb
Cim npe nrov: Spinosad Hmoov, Tuam Tshoj Chaw Tsim Tshuaj, Chaw Tsim Tshuaj, Hoobkas, lag luam Wholesale, yuav, nqe, loj, loj, rau muag