Dinop phthalate (Dipp), cov mis molecular yog c26h42o4. Kuj tseem hu ua Dinayl 1,2 {{- phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, Yas DNP. Nws yog xim tsis muaj kob lossis daj ua kom zoo dua oily kua nyob rau hauv cov kub ib txwm muaj. Me ntsis soluble hauv dej, soluble nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov kub hnyiab, qhib hluav taws kub thiab muaj zog oxidant, tso pa hluav taws, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide thiab lwm yam roj. Dinyl phthalate yog tsawg lom. Zam kev sib cuag nrog tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua qhov qis- kub yas txias rau page {lossis lwm yam plastics, thiab ua cov neeg sawv cev hauv cov nitrile. Nws yog tsuas yog siv raws li qhov tsis tshua muaj cua sov kom PVC lossis lwm yam plastics, raws li ib theem charomataphy rau roj chromatography, thiab ua tus sawv cev nitrile.
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Tshuaj Cov Qauv |
C26H42O4 |
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Muaj pes tsawg leej |
418 |
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Molecular hnyav |
419 |
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m/z |
418 (100.0%), 419 (28.1%), 420 (2.7%), 420 (1.1%) |
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Kev Ntsuam Xyuas |
C, 74.60; H, 10.11; O, 15.29 |
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Melting taw tes - 33.15℃c, boil ntawm 20 tus lej C (Lit.), rement. Degree C (Lit.), Dement.), xim ntshiab daj xim av, dej solubility<1 g/L (20 º C), BRN 1916263, InChIKeyDROMNWUQASBTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Dinop phthalate (Dipp)yog chav kawm ntawm cov organic sib xyaw ua ke tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj esterification ntawm phthalic acid thiab cawv. Kev sib xyaw ntawm Benzene nplhaib Benzene thiab ob pawg neeg ester hauv lawv cov qauv molecular tau xaus rau lawv nrog tshwj xeeb lub cev pob txha. Raws li lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws yas loj los ntawm kev tsim khoom, phthalates nyob rau txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam lag luam, tab sis lawv cov ntawv thov thoob plaws kuj tau ua rau muaj kev tsis taus kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig.
Core castizer rau polyvinyl chloride (PVC):
Phthalates (xws li doctyl phthalate dop thiab dib hathalt dbp) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv hauv PVC cov khoom lag luam, suav rau ntau dua 80% ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus plasterer. Los ntawm kev rhuav lub van der waals rog ntawm PVC molecular chains, nws tuaj yeem txo cov iav hloov cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv, hloov tawv tawv PVC rau hauv cov yas thiab loj hlob yas. Cov ntawv thov raug muaj xws li:
Mos Pvc Zaj Duab Xis: Siv rau cov zaub mov ntim, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev kho mob, nrog DOP cov ntsiab lus nce txog 40% -50%.
Hlau thiab cable: kev siv cov ntawv sib xyaw ntawm DBP thiab DOP tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txheej txheem txias txias thiab yoog raws ib puag ncig ntawm -40 degree.
Cov tawv tsiaj cuav thiab flooring: ntxiv rau ntawm Diinyonyl phthalate (DYP) txo cov tawv nqaij sib txhuam ntawm PVC% thiab nce hnav tsis kam ntawm 2 zaug.
Modifiers rau lwm cov polymers:
Phthalates tseem muaj dav siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xws li polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) thiab CLAROPRENE roj hmab (CR)
PVIN Adhesive: Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm DBP tuaj yeem ua kom lub sijhawm kho tau ntawm cov nplaum los ntawm 50% thiab nce cov lub zog rau 12n lub zog rau 12NM.
Cr Foob: kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm DOP thiab epoxidized taum roj tuaj yeem txo cov kev teeb tsa compression ntawm lub foob ntawm 45% mus rau 18%.
Rheological multiciers rau cov tshuaj pleev xim thiab inks
Raws li ib qho kev siv cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ua kom zoo nkauj, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txhawb nqa theem thiab anti daws cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, ntxiv 3% dBP rau Nitrocellulose txheej nitrocellulose cov txheej ntawm txheej los ntawm 20% thaum txo qhov pom kev ntawm cov xim txhuam.
Cov khoom ua si thiab cov menyuam cov khoom lag luam
Vim nws tus nqi qis, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua si ua si tsim, tab sis nws txoj kev mus ncig ua kev hem thawj rau menyuam yaus kev noj qab haus huv. EU ncav cuag txoj cai ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm DEHP, DBP, thiab BBP hauv cov khoom ua si tsis ntev dhau 0.1%, thiab DNOP hauv cov khoom ua si txawv teb chaws txawv yog 0.1%. Cov xwm txheej raug suav nrog:
Roj Hmab Av: DBP cov ntsiab lus hauv cov qauv tsoos tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15%, tab sis nws yog maj mam hloov los ntawm cov cav txiav citrate.
Tshuab ua si ua si: DOP cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv PVC Cov Tsev Ntxhia feem ntau yog 25%} 30%, thiab kev pheej hmoo kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm ntau txheej txheem sib xyaw.
Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Ntim
Cov nyiaj tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm kev sib cais yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntsiab lus kub thiab cov rog rog.
Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias hauv cov roj ntim tau ntim tawm ntawm 40℃rau 30 hnub, DBP tsiv teb tsaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.8mg / kg. Suav GB 9685-2016 tus qauv stipulates uas:
Cov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw txwv ntawm DEHP hauv cov khoom noj muaj roj yog 1.5mg / kg.
Tus nqi txwv ntawm DBP hauv cov menyuam mos thiab cov me nyuam ntim khoom ntim khoom yog 0.3mg / kg.
Kev Kho Tus Kheej
Raws li kev txhim kho txuj lom thiab cov kuab tshuaj, nws yog dav tam sim no hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce:
Ntsia Polish: Raws li zaj duab xis ua ib pab pawg ib qho, DBP tuaj yeem muaj txog li 5%. Tam sim no feem ntau cov hom tau hloov mus rau acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC).
Cov plaub hau plaub hau: DINP, raws li tus neeg sawv cev styling, tuaj yeem tswj cov nyhuv styling ntawm plaub hau rau 12 teev, tab sis yuav ua rau cov tawv nqaij ua xua.
Cov Ntsiab Lus ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob
Daim ntawv thov hauv kev kho mob teb yog ze rau nws cov biocompatibility:
Cov Ntshav Cov Hnab thiab Txoj Kev Khwv Cov ntsiab lus hauv PVC Cov Hnab Ray irradiation, tab sis nws yuav tsum ua kom tsis muaj menyuam yaus ntawm dop los tsim monooctyl phthalate (mehp).
Diabsis Tube: DBP, raws li cov roj nplua nyeem, tuaj yeem txo cov kev txhuam hniav sib txhuam ntawm lub raj thiab ntshav, tab sis cov nyiaj seem uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv qab 0.1 μ G / ML.
Cov neeg nqa tshuaj thiab muaj kev txhawb nqa -} tso cov tshuab
Phthalates yog siv raws li cov kws tshuaj uas tau txais kev zam rau cov neeg tso tawm yeeb tshuaj
Nifedipine tswj - tso cov ntsiav tshuaj: siv DBP raws li tus neeg sawv cev hauv 24 teev, txo cov tshuaj sib haum xeeb ntawm kev siv ntshav tas li rau 0.3.
Transdermal thaj: DOP, raws li lub tshuab yas, tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov yooj ntawm thaj thiab txhawb nqa 40% nce ntxiv hauv cov tshuaj transdermal nkag mus.
Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig: Los ntawm kev ua pa hluav taws xob rau bioaccumulation
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ib puag ncig thiab kev pheej hmoo
Dinop phthalate (Dipp)Nkag mus rau ib puag ncig los ntawm kev lag luam dej khib nyiab, av pov tseg, thiab lwm txoj kev, nrog cov hydrolysis ib nrab - lub neej ntawm ob peb xyoos. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias:
Kev kho kom dej huv: Kev tshem tawm ntawm DEHP los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho vaj tsev theem kaum ob tsuas yog 30%-thaum ua kom cov txheej txheem sludge ua kom muaj 70%.
Av adsorption: adsorption coefficient (KD) ntawm DBP hauv av nplaum yog 10-50 l / kg, thiab nws yooj yim leached mus rau hauv dej nag.
Txheeb xyuas cov teebmeem kev muaj txiaj ntsig
Enlocrine cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm phthalates tau nyiam mloog dav dav:
Kev ua me nyuam sib tw muaj txiaj ntsig: cov nas raug rau 500mg / KG / D DEHP ib puag ncig muaj kev paub txog 60% txo hauv cov phev suav thiab muaj 35% txo hauv qhov hnyav.
Kev Loj Hlob Kev Nyab Xeeb: Raug rau ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub rau ib qho kev sib tw ntawm 20% kev txo qis ntawm cov txiv neej ua me nyuam, qhia tias yog anti androgen.
Carcinogenicity: ornc cais dehp ua pab pawg 2b carcinogen, thiab ntev}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
Phthalates, raws li kev tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub, muaj cov ntawv thov thoob plaws tag nrho cov saw hlau, suav nrog yas kev tsim khoom, thiab cov khoom siv cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov endocrine cuam tshuam cov khoom thiab ib puag ncig tsis tu ncua yog tsav tsheb ua kom muaj kev tsim kho tshiab hauv lwm txoj kev hloov thev naus laus zis.
Synthesis ntawm DinyL Phhalate: Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rawed los ntawm qhov hnyav hauv qab: Diisobonyl phtaffate 0.45-0.45, thiab roj Dideric acid 0.05-0.15. Txoj kev npaj npaj yog li nram qab no: Kauj Ruam 1, Diisobonyl phthalate tau nrog IsononyL Cawv thiab Phthalic Anhydride nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm tsis acid catalalst; Qhov thib ob kauj ruam yog kom tau chlorinated paraffin nrog kua ciab thiab chlorine roj hauv qab kev txiav txim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke; Kauj ruam 3: Sib tov Diiononyyl phtaffate, chlorinated paraffin thiab roj kev tsim tawm, yooj yim kub, cov khoom siv tau yooj yim, cov khoom siv tsis yooj yim, thiab cov qoob loo zoo.
Sprout lub sij hawm (lig 19th xyoo pua -1935): Tshuaj Lom: Kev Tshawb Fawb
Kev txhim kho ntawm phthalates tuaj yeem taug qab cov tshuaj tes ua lag luam hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Xyoo 1886, German Chem Lub Yim Hli Wilhelm Von Hofmann thawj synthalized detethylate kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj phrhalic (DMP) los ntawm Esterificate cov kev tawm tsam ntawm Esterificate cov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj phthalic acid thiab cawv, tab sisDinop phthalate (Dipp)Daim ntawv thov tau txwv rau kev kuaj tshawb nrhiav lub sijhawm ntawd. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, nrog kev txhim kho cov organic kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov tshuaj pleev ib sab Cov yam ntxwv no nteg cov theoretical foundation rau nws daim ntawv thov tom qab.
Xyoo 1920, phthalates pib nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam lag luam, tab sis nws yog kev lag luam ntawm polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tiag tiag tau ua rau lawv loj- nplai thov. PVC, raws li cov lus cog tseg yas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, kev xav tau sai dua rau kev txhim kho vim nws lub siab tawv thiab kev ua tsis zoo. Phthalates tau dhau los ua cov yas uas nyiam tshaj plaws vim lawv qhov kev sib tw zoo nrog PVC molecular chains, khij ib qho tseem ceeb tig taw tes tshawb fawb txog kev siv luam ntawv.
Muaj lub sij hawm tawg (1935-1980): Cov Kev Sib Tw Technical thiab nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb
1. Tsim cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb
Thaum xyoo 1940, tawg tau ua rau cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv ntawm dioctyl phthalate (DOP) thiab dib dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Noj DOP ua ib qho piv txwv, nws cov khoom siv Equerification ntawm cov sulfuric acid, thiab ua tiav ntau lawm dhau los ntawm ib tug ntaiv ntau are areror. Qhov muaj peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm ib txoj kab ua tau ncav cuag 50000 tons. Qhov txheej txheem no rov qab haus cawv ntau dhau los ntawm cov dej cawv txiv hmab dej cawv kom tshem cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj cawv, ua rau muaj cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj 99.5%. Los ntawm 1958, Tuam Tshoj tau txhim tsa nws thawj DOP ntau lawm kab, khij qhov pib ntawm kev lag luam philhalate hauv kev tsim teb chaws.
2. Ntau yam sib txawv thiab kev ua tau zoo
Nyob rau hauv lub 1960 thiab 1970s, nrog nthuav ntawm PVC daim ntawv thov kev sib tw, ntau yam ntawm phthalates sai tau ua ntau. Piv txwv li:
Dijinionyl phthalate (dmp): synthesized los ntawm cov ceg kas ceg
Diall phthalate (DAP): Npaj los ntawm kev tawm tsam chlorocride nrog phthalink anhydride, nws tseem siv rau kev kho cov resaturated polyester resins;
Tus tub luam tawm txias resistant: xws li dioctyl adipate (doa) ua ke nrog phthaltates, uas pab tau pauv ntawm -40℃thiab nthuav mus rau pipeline cov ntawv thov hauv Arctic cheeb tsam.
3. Tsim ntawm Kev Siv Lub Ntiaj Teb
Los ntawm 1980, lub ntiaj teb txhua xyoo tsim cov phthalates tau tshaj 2 lab tons, sib sau ua cov qauv kev lag luam nyob ib ncig ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Western Europe, thiab Nyij Pooj. Txais cov lag luam tshuaj hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim 180000 tons / xyoo dop nroj tshuag, ua neeg ntiaj teb ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub Hoobkas; Tuam Tshoj tau ua tiav loj- teev tau ntau lawm ntawm DBP thiab DOP los ntawm kev qhia txog kev lag luam hauv tsev xws li pvc cables thiab hluavtaws tawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Metric Cov Menyuam Hluav Taws Xob Sprocket
Kev sib cav thiab hloov lub sijhawm (1980 tam sim no): thev naus laus zis hloov tshiab los ntawm kev pheej hmoo muaj kev pheej hmoo
1. Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv
Nyob rau xyoo 1980, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias phthalates muaj cov peev xwm endocrine thiab tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev ua pa, thiab kev noj haus, cuam tshuam kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua me nyuam system. Piv txwv li, menyuam yaus raug cov khoom ua si uas muaj DEHP yuav ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab tiav pub / xeebteeb tau los ua las voos yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov menyuam tsis muaj plab. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1999, European Union tau coj los txwv cov ntsiab lus ntawm phthalates hauv cov menyuam yaus cov khoom hauv qab 3. Xyoo pua ntxiv nyob rau hauv ROHS cov npe tswj kev tswj hwm.
2. Kev tsim kho ntiaj teb kev tswj hwm
Txij li 21st caug xyoo, cov teb chaws tau nrawm txheej txheem ntawm hloov pthalates los ntawm txoj cai
EU: Kev ua raws li kev qhia 2005/84 / EC nyob rau xyoo 2007, teeb tsa kev txwv ntawm 0.1% rau phthalates hauv cov khoom ua si;
Us: investion 65 hauv California sau tsib yam tshuaj, suav nrog DEHP thiab DBP, raws li Carcinogens thiab yuav tsum tau sau cov ntawv sau tseg;
Tuam Tshoj: GB 9685-2016 tus qauv stipulates uas lub tsiv teb tsaws ntawm DEHP hauv cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv zaub mov nyob tsis pub dhau 1.5mg / kg, thiab yuav tau nce ntxiv rau 0.5mg / kg hauv 2023.
3. Qhov nce ntawm lwm txoj kev thev naus laus zis
Nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas siab siab, bio raws canizers thiab nanocomposite technology tau dhau los tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho hotspots:
Citrate Esters, xws li acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), muaj kev pleev kom yooj yim sib piv rau DBP, tab sis nrog rau 80% txo kev tsiv teb tsaws. Lawv tau dhau EU en71-3 qho ntawv pov thawj zoo nkauj;
Epoxy SoyBean Roj (esBo): Thaum ua ke nrog DOP, nws tuaj yeem txo cov tshuaj VOC, nws tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm PVC cov khoom lag luam los ntawm 65%, uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm California Proposite 65;
Nanocomposite cov ntaub ntawv: Ntxiv 3% Orgmic Montmorillonite tuaj yeem nce lub hardness ntawm PVC los ntawm 20%, thaum txo tus nqi ntawmDinop phthalate (Dipp)Los ntawm 30RHR mus txog 20PR, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kom tsiv tsev.
Cim npe nrov: Diinymonyl phthalate (DYP) CASE 84-76-4, Tuam Tshoj chaw tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom, yuav khoom, rau muag