Lithium Amideyog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj formula LiNH2 thiab CAS 7782-89-0. Nws yog dawb, glossy crystalline hmoov nrog ammonia tsw, insoluble hauv kerosene, soluble hauv kua ammonia, soluble hauv dej txias, thiab muaj zog hydrolyzed thaum raug dej kub. Melting point ntawm 380-400 degree, boiling point ntawm 430 degree, txheeb ze ntom ntawm 1.17817.5. Soluble hauv dej txias, decompose rau lithium hydroxide thiab ammonia hauv dej kub, yaj hauv hydrochloric acid los ua lithium chloride thiab ammonium chloride, me ntsis soluble hauv kua ammonia thiab ethanol, insoluble hauv ether thiab benzene. Maj mam decompose hauv huab cua, tab sis tsis txhob hlawv. Thaum rhuab mus rau 450℃hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, nws decomposes rau LiNH3 thiab NH3. Nws yog lub hauv paus muaj zog uas yooj yim reacts nrog sulfur thiab selenium. Yooj yim rau oxidize, tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm nitrogen dioxide rau lithium azide. Reacts nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid los tsim cov ammonia dawb. Muaj me ntsis corrosive nyhuv ntawm iav. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis thiab tshuaj raug tsim, nws yog ib tug zoo hydrogen cia khoom nrog lithium hydride thiab lithium imine.
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Tshuaj Formula |
H2 Li |
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Exact Mass |
23 |
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Molecular Luj |
23 |
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m/z |
23 (100.0%), 22 (8.2%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
H, 8,78; Li, 30.22; NOS, 61.00 Nws |
Lithium Amidesiv tau rau alkylation ntawm nitriles thiab ketones, synthesis ntawm acetylene raws tebchaw, thiab lwm yam. Cov piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov yog raws li nram no:
1. Synthesis ntawm chiral sulfonamide.
Chiral alkyl (aryl) sulfonylamides muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv cov organic synthesis thiab chiral tshuaj synthesis. Los ntawm kev siv nws ua ib tug chiral cofactor, ntau chiral amine compounds thiab chiral tshuaj uas nyuaj rau synthesize los ntawm cov pa txoj kev yuav ua tau asymmetrically synthesized. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog: ib txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas ntawm chiral sulfonamide, siv chiral thio sulfonamide ua raw khoom, thiab txo nws nrog amino lithium kua ammonia kom tau txais chiral sulfonamide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mis yog:
Ntawm lawv, R yog ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no: C1 txog C10 alkyl, phenyl, para toluene, ortho methylphenyl, meta methylphenyl, para ethylphenyl, para tert butylphenyl, para acetyl phenyl, ortho acetyl phenyl, naphthyl. Cov kauj ruam yog raws li nram no:
Kauj ruam 1:
Npaj LiNH2 siv lithium hlau thiab kua ammonia;
Kauj ruam 2:
Ntxiv LiNH2 dropwise rau cov tshuaj chiral thiosulfinate, do cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab lub dropwise ntxiv lawm, thiab mus ntxiv rau 2-20 teev ntawm ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv kub ntawm -80℃-80 degree;
Kauj Ruam 3:
Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav, ntxiv cov dej khov rau hauv lub cev thiab rho tawm nrog dichloromethane. Ua ke cov txheej txheem organic thiab tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj kom tau txais cov xim liab xim av. Recrystallize los ntawm n-hexane kom tau txais tus nqi siab ee chiral sulfonamide.
2. Active lithium cia rau lithium-ion roj teeb.
Nws yog siv los txo qis kev poob qis thiab ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov roj teeb lithium, los yog lithium universal lithium qhov chaw rau nws, qhov twg cov hmoov lithium muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm txheeb ze rau Li / Li + ntawm 0.5-2V yog siv los ua cov khoom siv lithium, xaiv los ntawm lithium, amino acid thiab lithium. Tom ntej: tetralithium ammonium hydride. Cov tebchaw no decompose thiab tso lithium thiab gaseous byproducts thaum lawv tshaj tus qauv oxidation muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lawv electrochemical cell raws li daim ntawv thov ntawm lub peev xwm sib xws.
Lithium Amide (LiNH2), uas yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb, muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Organic synthesis
LiNH2 ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov organic synthesis. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho catalyst thiab reagent rau ntau yam organic tshuaj, tab sis kuj txhawb cov synthesis ntawm complex organic tebchaw.
1. Catalysts Thiab Reagents
Lub tuam txhab tau ua qhov kev sib tw kom zoo dua los txheeb xyuas nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis muaj zog piv rau nws cov neeg sib tw.
(1) Condensation txhawb:
LiNH2 nthuav tawm cov kev ua tau zoo catalytic zoo hauv aldol condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam condensation, txhawb kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov reactants.
(2) Tus neeg sawv cev txo qis:
Hauv cov organic synthesis, LiNH2 feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis los koom nrog ntau yam kev cuam tshuam redox thiab pab hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov hom phiaj sib txuas.
(3) Dehydrating agent thiab desiccant:
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov dej yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, LiNH2 tuaj yeem ua tus neeg ua kom lub cev qhuav dej thiab desiccant kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(4) Dehalogenation thiab Alkylation Agents:
LiNH2 kuj tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov catalyst thiab reagent nyob rau hauv lub dehalogenation thiab alkylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm halogenated hydrocarbons.
(5) Aminolysis reagent:
Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ammonolysis, LiNH2 tuaj yeem txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm reactants thiab ammonia, tsim cov khoom siv ammonolysis.
2. Polymerization Initiator
LiNH2 kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua tus thawj coj rau anionic polymerization ntawm ethylene tebchaw, txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization thiab yog li kev sib txuas ntawm cov polymer.
3. Kev sib xyaw ua ke tshwj xeeb
LiNH2 tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tebchaw tshwj xeeb xws li azides thiab cyanides, txuas ntxiv nthuav nws daim ntawv thov ntau yam hauv cov organic synthesis.
Kev tsim tshuaj
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, LiNH2 kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb catalyst thiab raw khoom rau synthesis ntawm ntau yam tshuaj.
1. Vitamin synthesis
LiNH2 yog ib qho tseem ceeb catalyst rau synthesis ntawm cov tebchaw xws li vitamin A thiab vitamin D3. Los ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig catalytic, cov vitamins tseem ceeb rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
2. Tshuaj synthesis catalyst
Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj antioxidants 1010 thiab 1076, LiNH2 kuj tseem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkylation ntawm nitriles thiab ketones. Cov tshuaj antioxidants no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw thiab khaws cov tshuaj.
Hydrogen cia khoom
Txawm hais tias LiNH2 nws tus kheej irreversibly tso NH3 thaum rhuab, ua rau nws tsis tsim nyog rau kev siv ncaj qha raws li ib tug hydrogen cia cov ntaub ntawv, los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog LiH los yog lwm yam hydrogen cia cov ntaub ntawv, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ammonia tso tawm thiab muaj zoo reversibility. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm composite hydrogen cia cov ntaub ntawv, LiNH2 muaj ib tug tseem ceeb daim ntawv thov peev xwm.
Kev siv chav kuaj
Hauv chav kuaj, LiNH2 kuj tseem siv los npaj lwm cov tshuaj sib txuas lossis ua cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb. Vim nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv dav dav, LiNH2 tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj reagents hauv cov chaw kuaj tshuaj.
1) Cua sov lithium hlau hauv ammonia roj tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau duaLithium Amide. Cov hlau lithium yog muab tso rau hauv ib txoj hlua nickel zawj, uas tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv ib lub iav raj. Lub raj yog tilted nyob rau hauv lub cub hluav taws xob thiab rhuab mus rau 380-400 degree. Ammonia gas yog nkag los ntawm ib kawg ntawm lub raj, thiab molten LiNH2 ntws tawm ntawm lwm kawg thiab solidifies nyob rau hauv lub txias seem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raj. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lithium hlau tuaj yeem nthuav tawm nws qhov chaw tshiab, kom ntseeg tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua.
2) Muab ob lub npib tsib xee crucibles nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub raj iav upright. Laum peb qhov 15mm me me nyob hauv qab ntawm cov nickel crucible saum toj no. Thaum rhuab mus rau 400℃nyob rau hauv ib tug ammonia kwj, lub molten LiNH2 yuav tsis tu ncua drip rau hauv lub crucible hauv qab no thiab txias thiab solidify nyob rau hauv ammonia kwj. LiNH2 yog xim tsis muaj xim, pob tshab, thiab glossy crystalline khoom. Cov txheeb ze ntom ntom 1.178 (17.5 degree). Melting point 380-400 degree. Thaum rhuab mus rau 450℃hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, nws tuaj yeem decompose thiab tso cov pa roj ammonia, thiab tsim cov lithium imine. Li2NH decomposes rau LiNH2 ntawm 750-800 degree.
Charles Hauser thawj zaug siv LiNH2 ua lub hauv paus hauv xyoo 1950 thiab 1960s. Amino lithium hauv kua ammonia tuaj yeem siv los npaj TBA enol lithium, nrog rau ntau yam aldol condensation tshwm sim ntawm ketones thiab aldehyde substrates. J hauv Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 503-507, Hauser tau nthuav dav nws txoj haujlwm qub kom suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm enol lithium nrog ntau yam ketone thiab aldehyde substrates, suav nrog ethyl acetate. Muaj cov kev tshawb fawb siv LiNH2 ua lub hauv paus rau tus ntoo khaub lig Claisen condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov qauv uas npog tert butyl acetate enolate thiab cov qauv npog ECHB thiab HN, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov npe ntev nrog rau ntau lub hauv paus hindered. Txoj kev piav qhia yog ib txoj hauv kev nrog lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua 5 feeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom tias LiNH2 ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem siv tau zoo los ua lub hauv paus hauv cov kev tshwm sim uas tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev uas twb muaj lawm, tej zaum vim nws cov solubility tsawg.
Tseem muaj kev tshawb fawb sivLithium AmideHauv kua ammonia rau tus kheej condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Claisen esters. Txawm li cas los xij, cov amino lithium hauv cov kua ammonia yog suav tias yog tsis tsim nyog rau cross Claisen condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau Claisen condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov twg ib los yog ntau tshaj esters muaj hydroxyl pawg. Amino lithium nyob rau hauv cov kua ammonia ntseeg tau pib deprotonate pawg cawv los ua cawv lithium. Cov hlau lithium ntawm cov dej cawv ntsev no yog nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws los koom tes nrog pawg ester uas nyob ib sab, thiab qhov kev sib koom ua ke no txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm ester ntawm kev hloov pauv nucleophilic.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj no yog dab tsi?
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib xyaw no feem ntau cuam tshuam txog kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog nws cov kev mob tshwm sim:
1. Kev mob tshwm sim rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv
Mob toxicity
Tiv tauj daim tawv nqaij:
Nws muaj zog irritation thiab corrosiveness rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tom qab sib cuag, daim tawv nqaij yuav pom cov tsos mob xws li liab, o, mob, thiab kub hnyiab. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nws tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij necrosis lossis caws pliav tas li.
Qhov muag tiv tauj:
Cov tshuaj no kuj muaj qhov ua rau lub qhov muag muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qhov muag, tsim kua muag, liab, thiab txawm tias pob txha puas lossis qhov muag tsis pom.
Mob toxicity
Inhalation:
Kev nqus cov pa los yog plua plav ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem ua rau khaus khaus ua pa, ua rau cov tsos mob xws li hnoos, hawb pob, thiab ua pa nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob ua pa xws li mob ntsws ntsws thiab mob ntsws pulmonary edema.
Noj:
Kev noj tsis haum nws yuav ua rau mob plab zom mov, ua rau cov tsos mob xws li xeev siab, ntuav, mob plab, thiab raws plab. Thaum mob hnyav, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev raug ntev - raug
Lub sij hawm ntev raug rau qhov sib xyaw no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob lom thiab puas rau ntau lub cev hauv tib neeg lub cev. Qhov no suav nrog lub paj hlwb, ua pa, ua pa, digestive system, reproductive system, thiab lwm yam. Cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm tus neeg sib txawv, tab sis feem ntau muaj xws li mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, nco tsis tau, tsis muaj concentration, ua tsis taus pa nyuaj, indigestion, txo fertility, thiab lwm yam.
2. Kev mob tshwm sim rau ib puag ncig
Cov pa phem
Thaum raug cov nplaim taws, kub kub, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog tshuaj lom neeg thaum sib cuag nrog cov kua qaub lossis oxidizing tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem tso cov pa phem. Yog tias cov pa roj no tawm mus rau saum huab cua, lawv yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug rau huab cua zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Dej muaj kuab paug
Reacting nrog dej los yog dej vapor tuaj yeem tso cov pa phem lossis cov pa taws, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov dej khib nyiab. Yog tias cov dej khib nyiab no tso ncaj qha rau hauv cov dej tsis muaj kev kho kom raug, lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov kab mob hauv dej thiab ua rau cov dej ecosystem puas tsuaj.
Av muaj kuab paug
Cov seem hauv av yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov kab mob hauv av thiab cov nroj tsuag. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv av, cuam tshuam cov av ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas, thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tom qab tau nqus los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
3.Kev siv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv
Thaum siv, cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis kom ntseeg tau tias kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig. Nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo ventilated ib puag ncig kom tsis txhob ntev inhalation ntawm chav los yog hmoov av. Tsis txhob sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij thiab hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, hnab looj tes, thiab daim npog ntsej muag thaum siv. Ntxuav tes thiab ntsej muag tam sim ntawd tom qab siv kom tsis txhob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm qhov seem.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav, zoo ventilated, deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab cua sov. Lub thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum tau muab kaw kom zoo kom tsis txhob xau thiab volatilization. Thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los, yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv kev thauj mus los. Cov tsheb thauj mus los yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov hluav taws sib thooj- cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev.
Thaum muaj kev sib tsoo lossis kev sib tsoo tshwm sim, yuav tsum ntsuas kev kub ntxhov tam sim ntawd, xws li tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, txiav tawm qhov hluav taws kub, thiab siv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob tsim nyog los tua hluav taws. Cov khoom xau yuav tsum tau adsorbed tam sim ntawd nrog cov khoom siv adsorbent xws li xuab zeb thiab cov pa roj carbon activated, thiab sau rau hauv lub thawv kom pov tseg kom zoo. Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas nkag mus rau cov khoom xau yuav tsum tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws tsis huv tam sim ntawd, yaug lawv cov tawv nqaij nrog dej txaus, thiab nrhiav kev kho mob sai li sai tau. Yog tias tus neeg mob tau nqus pa los yog plua plav, lawv yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau huab cua ntshiab tam sim ntawd, ua kom lawv txoj kev ua pa ntshiab, thiab nrhiav kev kho mob sai li sai tau.
ua faq
Dab tsi yog lithium amide siv rau?
Lithium Amide yog xim tsis muaj xim rau grey siv lead ua lossis hmoov nrog cov ntxhiab tsw Ammonia. Nws yog sivlos ua tshuaj, nyob rau hauv chemical manufacturing, thiab raws li ib tug catalyst.
Puas yog lithium amide lub hauv paus muaj zog?
Lithium amides yog cov tshuaj reactive heev. Tshwj xeeb,lawv yog cov hauv paus muaj zog.
Dab tsi yog solubility ntawm lithium amide?
Lithium Amide Powder yog cov hmoov dawb nrog lub melting point ntawm 375℃thiab boiling point ntawm 430 degree. Nws yogsoluble hauv kua ammoniathiab nws cov txheeb ze ntom ntom yog 1.178 (17.5 degree).
Puas yog LDA lub hauv paus muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog?
Cim npe nrov: Lithium amide CAS 7782-89-0, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom