Malonic acid hmoovzoo nkaus li dawb, crystalline khoom uas tsis muaj ntxhiab los yog muaj faint, qab ntxiag acetic acid-zoo li tsw. Nws yog dicarboxylic acid, txhais tau tias nws muaj ob pawg carboxyl (-COOH) uas txuas rau lub hauv paus carbon atom, muab nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov ntsev thiab esters. Cov khoom no muaj hygroscopicity thiab, yog tias raug huab cua, tuaj yeem nqus dej noo thiab ua rau xim tsaus. Lub melting point yog qhov siab, ntawm 136.3 degree. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, propanedioic acid yuav hloov los ntawm cov khoom mus rau cov kua. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev sim tshuaj lom neeg uas xav tau ntev - lub sijhawm ruaj khov. Nws yog ib qho muaj zog organic acid nrog irritating thiab corrosive zog. Cov pab pawg methylene hauv cov molecule tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm ntau hom kev tshwm sim vim yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob pawg carboxyl. Cov txheej txheem ntawm hydrolyzing cyanoacetic acid los yog diethyl malonate feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam los tsim Malonic acid Vim qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm nws tus kheej, nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov organic synthesis yog nqa tawm los ntawm diethyl malonate.
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| C,F | C3H4O4 |
| E,M | 104.01 |
| M,W | 104.06 |
| m/z | 104.01 (100.0%), 105.01 (3.2%) |
| E,A | C, 34.63; H, 3.87; O, 61.50 |
Aluminium tu:
Thaum lub sij hawm ua cov ntaub ntawv txhuas, qhov saum npoo yog feem ntau paug nrog ntau yam stains thiab impurities, xws li roj, siv quav ciab, plua plav, thiab lwm yam. Cov impurities no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab siv tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas, yog li kev tu yog tsim nyog.Malonic acid hmoovtuaj yeem ua tus neeg saib xyuas zoo kom tshem tawm cov stains thiab impurities los ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim yog siv cov acidic xwm ntawm nws los ua tshuaj lom neeg nrog stains thiab impurities, ua rau nws cais tawm ntawm cov khoom siv aluminium.
Aluminium passivation:
Passivation yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Raws li qhov nruab nrab acidic, tuaj yeem txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv passivation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, ib tug tuab oxide zaj duab xis yog tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txhuas, uas yuav zoo tiv thaiv ntxiv oxidation ntawm txhuas thiab txhim kho nws corrosion kuj.
Aluminium polishing:
Polishing yog ib qho txheej txheem rau kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov tsos thiab glossiness. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas polishing los pab ua tiav kev kho polishing ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm yog siv cov khoom siv acidic rau tshuaj lom neeg nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm txhuas, ua kom nws smoother thiab smoother. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem tuaj yeem tshem tawm oxides thiab impurities ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv aluminium, ntxiv txhim kho cov nyhuv polishing.
Aluminium dyeing:
Dyeing yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas, uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ntau yam xim thiab qauv. Nws tuaj yeem ua tus pab dyeing los pab ua kom tiav cov dyeing kho cov ntaub ntawv txhuas. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim yog siv cov kua qaub rau cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov dye, txhawb cov adsorption thiab faib cov dye rau saum npoo ntawm txhuas, yog li txhim kho cov nyhuv dyeing.
Aluminium txheej:
Kev pleev xim yog ib qho txheej txheem rau kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txhuas, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov kev tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo thiab zoo nkauj. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txheej txheej ntxiv los pab ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem kho cov khoom siv txhuas. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm yog siv cov kua qaub ntawm nws los ua tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov khoom siv txheej, txhawb cov adhesion thiab solidification ntawm txheej txheej ntawm aluminium. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem tuaj yeem tshem tawm oxides thiab impurities ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv aluminium, ntxiv txhim kho cov nyhuv txheej.
Kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig:
Nws yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg zoo ib puag ncig uas muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau ib puag ncig thaum tsim khoom thiab siv. Yog li ntawd, siv nws los ua tus neeg saib xyuas kev kho mob ntawm txhuas yuav tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem raug decomposed rau hauv carbon dioxide thiab dej los ntawm biodegradation, ntxiv txo nws qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Malonic acid hmoovkoom nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog hydrolysis (indirectly los ntawm nws cov precursor), decarboxylation, condensation, oxidation -txo, esterification, thiab amidation.
Nws qhov tshwj xeeb reactivity ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig nruab nrab ntawm cov organic synthesis thiab cov cuab yeej hauv kev tshawb fawb biochemical.
1. Hydrolysis Ntawm Maleic Anhydride
Thaum nws tus kheej tsis ncaj qha mus rau hydrolysis, nws cov precursor, maleic anhydride (tsis txhob totaub nrog Malonic acd), undergoes hydrolysis los tsim Malonic acd. Maleic anhydride, raws li reacting nrog dej, undergos ib tug hydration cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom yield nws thiab carbon dioxide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv industrially los tsim cov khoom.
2. Decarboxylation Reactions
Nws paub tias muaj kev cuam tshuam decarboxylation, qhov twg nws poob ib pawg carboxyl (COOH) nrog rau nws cov pa roj carbon atom txuas, uas ua rau tsim cov hlau txuas luv luv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tshav kub los yog tej yam catalysts, nws muaj peev xwm decarboxylate yield acetic acid.
3. Condensation Reactions
Nws yog ib lub tsev thaiv ntau yam hauv cov organic synthesis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm carbonyl chemistry. Nws dhau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation nrog ntau yam aldehydes thiab ketones nyob rau hauv muaj cov hauv paus xws li sodium hydroxide los yog ammonia, ua rau tsim ntawm -keto acids. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, hu ua Malonic ester synthesis, yog cov cuab yeej muaj zog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm carboxylic acids nrog ntau pawg ua haujlwm.
4. Oxidation Thiab Reduction Reactions
Raws li cov organic acid, nws tuaj yeem koom nrog oxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Oxidation ntawm nws tuaj yeem tawm los ntau yam khoom raws li cov xwm txheej thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm oxidizing siv. Ib yam li ntawd, kev txo qis ntawm nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov cawv lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv txo.
5. Esterification Thiab Amidation
Nws yooj yim tsim esters thiab amides raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cawv thiab amines, feem. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog catalyzed los ntawm acids los yog hauv paus thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm nws derivatives nrog tej functional pawg. Esters ntawm nws feem ntau yog siv los ua intermediates hauv organic synthesis.
6. Inhibition Ntawm Enzymatic Reactions
Vim nws cov qauv zoo sib xws rau succinic acid, ua raws li inhibitor ntawm enzymes koom nrog hauv lub voj voog citric acid, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog succinate dehydrogenase. Qhov kev tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem siv los kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov enzymes thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv cellular metabolism.
Npaj los ntawm acetic acid ua raw khoom. Acetic acid reacts nrog cov roj chlorine kom tau chloroacetic acid, uas tom qab ntawd kho nrog sodium carbonate los tsim sodium ntsev. Nws tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic hloov nrog sodium cyanide kom tau txais cyanoacetic acid. Sodium hydroxide tov hydrolyzes, pawg cyanide hloov mus rau hauv carboxylate ions, thiab tom qab ntawd acidified kom tau succinic acid.
acetic acid reacts nrog chlorine gas, thiab pawg hydroxyl nyob rau hauv acetic acid molecule (qhov tseeb, pawg ua haujlwm hauv acetic acid yog carboxyl, tab sis ntawm no peb tsom mus rau qhov chaw nquag uas cuam tshuam nrog cov roj chlorine, uas yog hydrogen atom ntawm carbon txuas nrog carboxyl pawg hauv acetic acid molecule. ib qho hydrogen atom hauv acetic acid yog hloov los ntawm chlorine atom) yog hloov los ntawm chlorine atom, tsim chloroacetic acid.
Chemcal equation tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
CH3COOH + Cl2 → CH2ClCOOH + HCl (ceeb toom: qhov sib npaug no yog ib qho kev sawv cev, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiag tiag yuav koom nrog ntau txoj hauv kev thiab los ntawm - khoom).
Chloroacetic acid reacts nrog sodium carbonate los tsim sodium chloroacetate thiab sodium bicarbonate (los yog carbon dioxide thiab dej, nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tus nqi ntawm sodium carbonate siv).
Chemcal equation tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
CH2ClCOOH+Na2CO3→CH2ClCOONa+NaHCO3
(Los yog tsim CO2 thiab H2O, nyob ntawm seb cov xwm txheej).
Sodium chloroacetate tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic hloov nrog sodium cyanide. Sodium cyanide ua raws li nucleophilic reagent los tua cov tshuaj chlorine atom hauv sodium chloroacetate, hloov nws nrog pab pawg cyanide los tsim cov cyanoacetic acid thiab sodium chloride.
Chemcal equation tuaj yeem qhia tau tias:
CH2ClCOONa+NaCN → CH2CNCOONa+NaCl
(Lub sijhawm hydrolysis tom qab, CH2CNCOONa yuav decompose rau hauv cyanoacetic acid thiab NaOH, tab sis cov kauj ruam no yuav piav qhia ua ke ntawm no).
Cyanoacetic acid yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv sodium hydroxide tov, thiab pawg cyanide yog hydrolyzed rau carboxyl pawg nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob, thaum tsim ammonia gas (los yog ammonium ntsev, nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej yam kev mob) thiab sodium malonate.
Chemcal equation yuav qhia tau hais tias (stepwise sawv cev):
CH2CNCOOH+2NaOH → CH2 (COONa) COONa+NH3 ↑ (los yog generates NH4+and OH −).
Acidify sodium malonate daws tau nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los, neutralize lub hauv paus hauv kev daws los ntawm kev ntxiv kua qaub (xws li hydrochloric acid), hloov sodium malonate rauMalonic acid hmoov, thiab precipitate nws.
Cov tshuaj sib npaug tuaj yeem qhia tau tias: CH2 (COONa) 2+2HCl → CH2 (COOH) 2+2NaCl ( nag lossis daus ntawm succinic acid).
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg saum toj no yog cov qauv schematic, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiag tiag yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem nyuaj, los ntawm - cov khoom, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, yam xws li kev xaiv tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev tawm los, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kuj yuav tsum tau xav txog.
Cov lus nug nquag
Malonic acid siv rau dab tsi?
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Malonic acid yog siv raukev npaj ntawm cinnamic acid, ib qho tshuaj siv rau kev tsim cov cin metacin uas yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv -inflammatory. Cov malonates yog siv nyob rau hauv syntheses ntawm B1 thiab B6, barbiturates, thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb compounds. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce raws li ib tug buffering thiab raws li ib tug flavoring neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj.
Puas yog malonic acid muaj kev nyab xeeb?
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Dej soluble. SYMPTOMS: Cov tsos mob ntawm kev raug rau cov tshuaj no muaj xws li khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ob lub qhov muag, mucous daim nyias nyias thiab lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv.
Puas yuav malonic acid yaj hauv dej?
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Malonic acid yog dawb crystalline khoom nrog lub decomposition point ntawm ≈135 degree. Nws yogheev soluble nyob rau hauv dejthiab cov kuab tshuaj oxygenated.
Yuav ua li cas kom malonic acid?
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Malonic acid tau npaj los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm malononitrile nrog concentrated hydrochloric acid;2los ntawm hydration ntawm carbon suboxide;3thiab los ntawm alkali cyanide thiab ethyl bromoacetate,4ethyl chloroacetate,5los yog chloroacetic acid6ua raws li hydrolysis.
Lwm lub npe rau malonic acid yog dab tsi?
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Malonic acid tseem hu uaPropanedioic Acid los yog Dicarboxymethane. Lub npe yog muab los ntawm Greek lo lus Malon uas txhais tau tias kua. Malonates yog daim ntawv ionized ntawm malonic acid, nrog rau nws cov esters thiab ntsev. Nws zoo nkaus li dawb crystalline hmoov los yog crystalline hmoov.
Cim npe nrov: Malonic acid hmoov CAS 141-82-2, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom