Nicotinic acid hmoov li 59-67-6

Nicotinic acid hmoov, teej tug rau cov vitamin B koom tes, tseem hu ua Niacin, Vitamin B3 thiab Anti Luprosy Factor. Nws molecular tus qauv yog c6h5no2, CAS 59-67-6 thiab nws cov tshuaj lom neeg lub npe yog pyridine-3-formic acid. Nws muaj zoo thermal ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem ua sublimated. Nicotinic acid feem ntau ua kev lim los ntawm sublimation hauv kev lag luam. Nicotinic acid yog dawb crystal lossis dawb crystalline hmoov, tsuas yog soluble hauv cov kab viscera thiab cov leeg nqaij, thiab tseem muaj kab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab qe qe. Nws yog ib qho ntawm 13 tus tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamins rau tib neeg lub cev. Nicotinic acid yog pub mis pub ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntses uas siv mis, qaib, nyuj, cov tsiaj thiab lwm cov nqaij qaib thiab tsiaj txhu. Nicotinic acid kuj yog cov kws tshuaj hauv lub cev hauv nruab nrab. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv ua ke los ua ke ntau yam tshuaj, xws li nikethamide thiab nicotinic inositol ester. Tsis tas li ntawd, nicotinic acid kuj ua si ib lub luag haujlwm irreplacesable nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv luminescent, dyes, electroplating kev lag luam thiab lwm thaj teb.

Nicotinic acid hmoovMuaj 3 cov khoom lag luam specodity, yog cov zaub mov qib kawm, pub qib kawm thiab qib tshuaj. Nicotinic acid yog tsuas yog siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv (dej-soluble vitamin) ntawm kev pub zaub mov, thiab xim ntxiv ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem electroplating kev daws teeb meem thiab cov khoom sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuaj ntsuab biochemical.

 

1. Daim ntawv thov ntawm nicotinic acid hauv cov tshuaj sapticaltical:

Nicotinic acid, raws li ib qho tshuaj, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab muaj cov nyhuv zoo sib xws ntawm cov hlab ntshav. Nws yog siv los kho peripheral tshee, arteriosclerosis thiab lwm yam kab mob. Cov kab mob nicotinic acid kuj tseem siv tau muaj cov tshuaj kho mob nruab nrab, xws li kev kho mob plab zom mov, xws li cov tshuaj kho mob uas zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tiv thaiv thiab kho schistosomiasis; Nicotinic acid thiab tromethamine tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los kho cov kev sib tw sib txawv, cov vitamin b tsis txaus, cov kab mob glightst thiab lwm yam kab mob; Nikethamide, synthesized los ntawm nicotinic acid thiab diethylamine, puas yog qhov chaw siab nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj ua pa thiab lub cev tsis zoo; Nicotinic Acid Inositol Ester thiab Mizhiling ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hicotinic acid thiab cov tshuaj rau kev kho hyperlipidemia, mob plawv, thiab lwm yam.

 

2. Daim ntawv thov ntawm nicotinic acid raws li tus neeg saib xyuas:

Nicotinic acid yog qhov tsis muaj zaub mov thiab pub rau rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Yog li ntawd, niacin tau siv dav ua ib qho ntxiv rau cov khoom qab zib, cov khoom noj siv mis, cov hmoov nplej pob kws, thiab lwm yam; Nicotinic acid kuj tseem siv tau ua ke nrog cov vitamins los hloov ib feem ntawm nitrite raws li deodorant lossis khaws cia rau cov nqaij noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nicotinic acid kuj tseem siv tau los ntawm cov zaub. Vim tias ib feem loj ntawm nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cereal pub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov complex, nws tsis tuaj yeem ncaj qha nqus los ntawm cov tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, tus txheej txheem dav siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog ntxiv cov khoom siv hluavtaws muaj hluav taws xob hauv cov kua hluav taws xob ua khoom noj. Kev pub mis pub ua pov thawj tias cov khoom siv hluavtaws dag ntxias tau zoo li 100% thiab siv cov nyhuv nyhav thiab siv cov nyhav uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam yug menyuam hauv Suav teb, tus qauv rau kev ntxiv niacin hauv Suav teb yog: 9-24mg rau ib kg ntawm nqaij qaib pub (qhuav hauv paus).

 

3. Khoom noj khoom haus:

Nicotinic acid belongs rau vitamin B tsev neeg thiab koom nrog Lipid metabolism, cov txheej txheem oxidation thiab anaerobic decomppition ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nicotinic acid tuaj yeem hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm Tryptophan hauv lub cev. Nicotinic kua qaub tsis yooj yim tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov khoom noj khoom haus staple tsis muaj cov tshuaj nicotinic acid los yog yooj yim los ua rau muaj tus mob tawv nqaij, nws yog qhov yooj yim los ua rau muaj cov nqaij tawv nqaij tawv vim tsis muaj kua qaub. Yog li ntawd, niacin tau siv dav hauv cov hmoov nplej, cov khoom noj mis nyuj thiab pob kws ntau lawm. Ntxiv rau qee qhov ntawm niacin hauv cov zaub mov tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom kab mob no.

 

4. Pub ntxiv:

Nicotinic acid yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb rau cov tsiaj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Nicotinic acid nyob rau hauv cereal pub mas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, uas nyuaj rau cov tsiaj kom nqus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau manually ntxiv hluavtaws nicotinic acid mus pub.

Ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nicotinic acid rau cov khoom noj tuaj yeem sai nce qhov hnyav ntawm piglets (qaib). Pub mis nicotinic acid pub los tso cov hens tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov qe ntau lawm muaj qee yam ntawm nicotinic acid, yog li txhim kho cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig.

5. Cov xim zas:

Vim nicotinic acid tuaj yeem ua rau cov fiber dnyinging kav, dav daim ntawv thov ntau yam thiab cov khaub ncaws zoo, nicotinic acid yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov sib txuam ntawm kev ua kom rov qab los ntawm ntau yam kev ua kom rov qab los. Xyoo 1984, cov tuam txhab Japanese tshuaj ua haujlwm qhia txog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog.

 

6. Cov khoom lag luam txhua hnub:

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam txhua hnub, nicotinic acid tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuaj txhua hnub los ua cov khoom lag luam txhua hnub, xws li plaub hau zas dev, tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab lwm yam.

7. Lwm cov ntawv thov:

Nicotinic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv thiab corrosion inhibitor. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua antioxidant thiab anti fidging tus neeg sawv cev hauv cov khoom siv photicensitive. Hauv cov electroplating, nicotinic acid kuj yog qhov ua kom pom tau zoo ntxiv. Raws li ntev li 1-10g nicotinic acid tau ntxiv rau txhua tus litriplating kev daws teeb meem, nws yuav muaj cov nyhuv tseem ceeb.

Nicotinic acid yog siv ua antioxidant thiab anti fidging tus neeg sawv cev hauv cov khoom siv photicensitive. Ntxiv 0.1 Aqueous nicotinic acid tov rau cov duab tshuaj pleev cov tshuaj pleev yuav ua rau cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm cov duab rau lub teeb; Ntxiv 5-20ml 0.1% Nicotinic Acid aqueous daws rau txhua milliliter ntawm cov duab pleev cov tshuaj pleev xim tuaj yeem txo cov pos huab ntawm cov duab ntawm cov duab.

Nicotinic acid hmoovyog thawj synthesized nyob rau hauv chav kuaj nyob rau xyoo 1867, tab sis nws tsis yog kom txog rau xyoo 1930 uas nicotinic acid tau muaj kev lag luam tiag tiag. Nicotinic acid tau synthesized los ntawm oxidizing nicotine thaum pib kev lag luam. Tom qab ntawd, feem ntau ntawm Alkyl pyridines xws li quinoline, 2-Methylpyridine thiab 3-methylpyridine thiab 3-methylpyridine tau siv los ua cov tshuaj raw los ua tshuaj lom neeg lossis roj av oxidation. Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov qauv synthesis, nws feem ntau muab faib ua nitrical oxidanting txoj kev, huab cua ncaj nraim thiab pyridine txoj kev. Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw tseem ceeb, muaj nicotine, naphyhalene, 3-pyridine, 3-metylpaldehyde, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine. Txoj kev 3-methylprodidine tau siv dav.

(1) nitric acid oxidation txoj kev:

Nrog nitric acid li oxidant, sib tov ntawm nitric acid aqueous daws thiab tus lej sib xyaw thiab 29 ua ntej kev sib cais thiab muab kom tau txais ntshiab niacin.

(2) huab cua oxidation txoj kev:

Cov synthesis ntawm nicotinic acid los ntawm kev ncaj qha oxidyration nrog oxidant tau nyiam ntau xyoo vim nws qhov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tus nqi qis. Hom no tau siv thawj zaug los ua oxidize alkyl pyridine nrog cov huab cua ntxiv nrog catalyst. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txhim kho kom synthesize nicotinic acid los ntawm cov roj catalytic oxidation ntawm 3-metylyridine ntawm 350 degree}}℃hauv ib qho kev sib tw ruaj. Lub catalyst tuaj yeem siv tau ntev. Nicotinic acid tuaj yeem tau los ntawm oxidation ncaj qha ntawm 3-methylpyridine nrog huab cua, uas yog nyiaj txiag. Yog tias txoj kev hloov pauv hloov dua siab tshiab tuaj yeem txhim kho, nws yuav dhau los ua tus nqi qis thiab siab ua haujlwm tsim khoom. Nws cov tub ntxhais yog kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, tus nqi qis thiab lub neej ntev catalysts, uas feem ntau nyob hauv chav kuaj tshawb fawb theem, thiab tsis muaj kev ceeb toom txog kev ua haujlwm tiav.

Kev Lag Luam Hluav Taws Xob

Kev siv hluav taws xob tau dav hauv kev tsim khoom electrolytic yog qhov tseeb ntawm nws cov mob me, tus nqi qis, tus nqi lom zem thiab muaj kuab paug. Zoo ib yam li cov qauv oxidation oxidation, nicotinic acid feem ntau yog siv hluav taws xob hauv electrolytic yog tsawg, uas txwv tsis pub muaj kev lag luam ntawm cov qauv no.

(1) Ammonia oxidation txoj kev:

Cov txheej txheem siv 3-metylpyridine lossis tus lej ua cov khoom siv raw, tsim cov pa roj car catalyst, ua rau tau txais cov kua roj portalyst, thiab tau txais cov kua qaub 3 los ntawm cov pa roj hmab thiab ua kom huv. Cov dhau los hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm 3-methylpyridine tau nce mus rau 99%, thiab kev xaiv ntawm 3-cyanopyridine hydrolysis raunicotinic acid hmoovkuj tau nce rau 99%.

Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov qauv ammoxidation yog 3-methylpyridine, cov khoom siv nrog cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov pyridine puag. Nws yog pheej yig, dav tab tom, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob kuj muaj mob loj. Nws tuaj yeem nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev mob siab. Kev tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha. Cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm muaj qhov siab dua txoj kev hloov pauv, kev xaiv zoo, thiab muaj kev coj dawb huv ntawm cov khoom. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom pom cov hluavtaws txuas mus ntxiv, nws tau dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev npaj siab tshaj plaws rau kev npaj nicotinic acid hauv kev lag luam.

(2) biosynthesis:

Enzymatic cov hydrolysis ntawm nitriles muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj cov qauv tshuaj. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, kev xaiv zoo, cov tshuaj phem me me, cov nqi ib txwm muaj sia, thiab kev ua kom muaj kev ua kom siab dua, thiab kev siv kho qhov muag zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kab nrog kev txhim kho kev coj ntawm ntsuab chemistry. Lub tuam txhab Swiss muaj cov synthesis ntawm b pab pawg vitamin nicotinic acid los ntawm enzyme catalysis. Hideki YoMada ntawm Kyoto University hauv Nyiv thiab lwm tus tsim cov kua ntses nrog rhodococcus rhaurodothous j1 lim.

Nicotinic acid hmoovyog ib qho tseem ceeb organic hluavtaws theem nrab nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig dav. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev kom tau txais Niacin: (1) extraction txoj kev; (2) txoj kev biosynthetic; (3) Kev siv tshuaj lom hluav taws xob.
Niacin tau thawj cov lus cua hauv chav kuaj nyob rau xyoo 1867, tab sis nws tsis yog kom txog rau xyoo 1930 tias nws tau muaj kev lag luam tiag. Thaum pib, Industratoration synthesized niacin los ntawm oxidizing nicidizing nicotline, thiab 3-methylpyridine xws li cov ntaub ntawv raw los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuaj oxidation lossis oxidical. Los ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem hluavtaws, lawv feem ntau muab faib ua cov txheej txheem nitrical, thiab cov pa roj ntsha, thiab cov roj ntsha Los ntawm cov ntaub so raw khoom nyoos, muaj nicotine, 6-metylpyreshyde, 3-ethylpyridine, thiab 3-methylpyridine txoj kev tau siv dav.

1. Nitric acid oxidation txoj kev
Siv nitric acid raws li cov oxidant, sib tov ntawm nitric acid aqueous daws thiab tus mep tau qhia rau hauv titanium tubrog reactor. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nqa tawm ntawm 330℃thiab 29 MPA rau 8 teev ua ntej kev sib cais thiab purification kom tau ntshiab niacin.
Txoj kev no tau tsim nyob rau theem pib vim nws qhov dav ntawm cov qauv oxidant, kev tswj kom yooj yim, kev tswj tau yooj yim, thiab kev tswj hwm qis dua. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov kev pheej yig ntawm oxidants, cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab tus nqi zoo, nws tsis haum rau kev tsim khoom loj. Cov qauv no tau tshwm sim hauv lub teb chaws muaj chaw lag luam xws li Tebchaws Meskas, Western Europe, thiab Nyij Pooj.
2. Cov Qauv Cua Oxidation
Cov huab cua oxidation txoj kev, uas siv cua ua ib tug oxidant rau synthesinic acid, tau nyiam ntau yam tsis ntev los no vim nws qhov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tus nqi qis. Txoj kev no yog Ameslikas nqa tawm los ntawm kev qhia txog huab cua mus rau hauv Alkyl pyridine nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau oxidation. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txhim kho kom synthesinic acid siv 3-metylyridine yog cov khoom siv raw nyob rau hauv ib lub zog ruaj khov ntawm 3 teev Catalysts tuaj yeem siv tau ntev los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ncaj qha 3-methylpyridine nrog cua kom tau txais nicotinic acid, uas muaj kev lag luam zoo. Yog tias txoj kev hloov pauv hloov dua siab tshiab tuaj yeem txhim kho, nws yuav dhau los ua tus nqi qis thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Nws cov tub ntxhais nyob hauv kev txhim kho txuag tau, tsawg tus nqi, thiab ntev-lub neej catalysts, uas feem ntau hauv chav kuaj tshawb fawb theem thiab tseem tsis tau ua tiav kev lag luam.
3. Electrolytic oxidation txoj kev
Cov qauv oxidation elecidation yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm vim nws cov mob me, tsawg tus nqi ntawm oxidants thiab cov kuab paug tsis muaj kuab lom. Zoo ib yam li cov qauv oxidation oxidation, Alkyl pyridine cov tebchaw feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw los ua ke rau synthesinic acid los ntawm cov oxotinical. Txawm li cas los xij, lub drawbback yog qhov tsawg me electrolysis efficiency ntawm kev rho tawm cov ntawv rho tawm siv hauv cov electrolytic, uas tau txwv kev lag luam ntawm hom no.

1. Ammonia oxidation txoj kev
Txoj kev siv no siv 3-metylpyridine lossis mep raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw, thiab ua cov roj av roj hauv lub txaj ntawm lub txaj 3-cyanopyridine, uas yog hydrified kom tau niacin. Tus txheej txheem no nce ntxiv txoj kev sib hloov ntawm 3-methylpyridine rau 99%, thiab kev xaiv ntawm 3-cyanopyridine hydrolysis los npaj nicotinic acid kuj tseem nce 99%.
Cov khoom siv raw ntawm ammonia oxidpation txoj kev yog 3-metylpyridine, uas muaj kev faib ua feem siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tsim hauv cov txheej txheem pyridine ntau lawm. Nws yog qhov pheej yig, muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj mob hnyav. Nws tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv qab lub siab lub siab lossis cov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab kev tsim khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha. Cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm muaj qhov siab dua txoj kev hloov pauv, kev xaiv zoo, thiab cov khoom siv siab. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov synthesis txuas ntxiv thiab yog haum rau kev tsim khoom loj.Nicotinic acid hmoovTau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov kev siv dav tshaj plaws rau kev npaj niacin hauv kev lag luam.
2. Kev txheeb xyuas hluav taws xob roj ntsha
Lub enzymatic hydrolysis ntawm Niturile tau tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj, suav nrog kev ua kom muaj kuab paug, nrog rau txoj kab kev ua tau zoo, uas yog nyob rau hauv kab kev sib tw nrog kev txhim kho ntawm Green Chemistry. Lub Tuam Txhab Swiss tau muaj cov synthesis ntawm b-complex vitamin niacin siv enzymatic catalysis. Hideaki Yamada thiab lwm tus los ntawm Kyoto University hauv Nyij Pooj tsim Niacin siv Rhorodococcus rhaurodohous j1 lim.

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