PAB-27, tseem hu ua vasopressin lossis antidiuretic hormone, yog ib qho tseem ceeb bioactive peptide tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov cell loj neurons hauv hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus thiab paraventricular nucleus, thiab thauj raws cov fibers ntawm hypothalamic pituitary ib ntsuj av mus rau neurohypophysis cia. Nws raug tso tawm rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thaum xav tau los ntawm lub cev. Nws yog dawb los yog yuav luag dawb crystalline hmoov. Cov hmoov no muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo thiab tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv chav tsev kub, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, solubility ntawm neurohypophysin hauv dej yog siab, uas ua rau nws txoj kev thauj mus los thiab kev faib tawm hauv cov kab mob yooj yim dua. Raws li cov tshuaj neurohormone, cov tshuaj hormones pituitary ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov dej sib npaug thiab tswj cov ntshav siab hauv lub cev. Hais txog cov khoom siv tshuaj, cov tshuaj hormones pituitary muaj cov thermal stability thiab acid-base stability. Nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws cov kev ua lom lom nyob rau hauv ib qho kub thiab pH ntau yam, uas ua rau nws cov teebmeem hauv cov kab mob ntev dua - kav ntev thiab ruaj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, neurohypophysin kuj muaj qee yam antioxidant zog, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov dawb radicals thiab lwm yam oxidants rau qee yam, tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Customized Bottle Caps & Corks
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Tshuaj Formula |
C142H224N40O39S |
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Exact Mass |
3146 |
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Molecular Luj |
3148 |
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m/z |
3147 (100.0%), 3148 (76.3%), 3146 (65.1%), 3149 (30.9%), 3148 (14.8%), 3149 (10.4%), 3147 (9.6%), 3149 (8.0%), 3150 (8.0%), 3149 (7.6%), 3150 (6.5%), 3150 (6.1%), 3148 (5.2%), 3149 (4.5%), 3150 (4.0%), 3150 (3.4%), 3148 (2.9%), 3151 (2.8%), 3148 (2.6%), 3151 (2.5%), 3149 (2.0%), 3147 (1.7%), 3150 (1.6%), 3148 (1.5%), 3151 (1.5%), 3151 (1.4%), 3150 (1.2%), 3149 (1.1%), 3151 (1.1%), 3149 (1.0%), 3151 (1.0%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 54.19; H, 7.17; N, 17.80; O, 19.82; S, 1.02 |
PAB-27, tseem hu ua antidiuretic hormone los yog vasopressin, yog ib yam tshuaj hormones synthesized thiab tso tawm los ntawm cov cell loj neurons nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus thiab paraventricular nucleus. Nws plays ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev, feem ntau suav nrog dej tshuav, tswj ntshav siab, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv.
Neuropituitary cov tshuaj hormones ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov dej sib npaug hauv lub cev. Thaum lub cev qhuav dej los yog ntshav osmotic siab nce, osmotic siab receptors nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamus yog stimulated, txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm neurophysin rau hauv cov ntshav. Neurohypophysin stimulates synthesis thiab insertion ntawm aquaporin AQP2 mus rau hauv lub cell membrane los ntawm kev khi rau V2 receptor ntawm lub epithelial hlwb ntawm lub raum sau duct, li no ua rau kom cov reabsorption ntawm cov dej los ntawm lub raum tubules, txo cov zis tso zis, pab lub cev khaws dej, thiab tswj dej tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv lub cev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj hormones pituitary tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov chaw nqhis dej, ua rau lub cev xav tias nqhis dej, txhawb nqa tus cwj pwm haus dej, thiab tswj kom muaj dej sib npaug ntxiv.
Regulating ntshav siab
Neurohypophysin kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj ntshav siab. Thaum cov ntshav siab poob qis, qhov tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones pituitary nce, ua rau vasoconstriction los ntawm kev khi rau V1 receptors ntawm vascular du leeg, yog li ua rau kub siab. Cov nyhuv no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov ntshav siab thiab tiv thaiv hypotension.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev tswj hwm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm neurophysin ntawm cov ntshav siab yog qhov nyuaj, thiab nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov tshuaj hormones thiab neurotransmitters los koom ua ke tswj ntshav siab.
Kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv
Neurohypophysin kuj muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlwb myocardial, cuam tshuam rau kev cog lus thiab lub plawv dhia ntawm myocardium. Txawm hais tias muaj kev tshawb fawb me me hauv cheeb tsam no, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov tshuaj hormones pituitary tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob plawv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj hormones pituitary kuj tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv angiogenesis thiab kho cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb endothelial. Cov teebmeem no tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj cov qauv ib txwm muaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Lub luag haujlwm hauv kev yug me nyuam thiab lactation
Ntxiv nrog rau cov haujlwm uas tau hais los saum no, neurophysin kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm qee yam hauv cov txheej txheem kev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Hauv cov tsiaj nyeg, cov tshuaj hormones pituitary tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov qog mammary epithelial kom tso cov mis nyuj, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam mos. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj hormones pituitary kuj tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub cev xeeb tub, cuam tshuam rau kev tso tawm ntawm gonadotropins thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qe menyuam.
Kev siv cov neurohypophysin hauv kev kho mob
Vim nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem physiological, neurohypophysin kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob. Piv txwv li, hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib insipidus, exogenous supplementation ntawm neuropituitarin tuaj yeem siv los kho tus neeg mob qhov txawv txav dej metabolism; Hauv kev kho kev poob siab, neurophysin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntshav siab, txhim kho microcirculation, thiab pab kho lub cev ua haujlwm.
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mechanisms
PAB-27Feem ntau paub txog nws lub peev xwm los qhib adenylate cyclase, ua rau muaj kev nce hauv cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) ntau lawm. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, ua rau ib tug cascade ntawm signaling txheej xwm uas yuav cuam tshuam ntau yam cellular zog. Txawm hais tias qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm PACAP27 ntawm kev tswj hwm kev sib npaug dej tsis tau kawm ntau, nws cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev muaj feem cuam tshuam tuaj yeem muab kev nkag siab rau nws lub luag haujlwm.
Ib txoj hauv kev PACAP27 tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau dej tshuav nyiaj li cas yog los ntawm nws cov teebmeem ntawm cov hlab plawv. PACAP27 tau pom tias inhibit qhov tso tawm ntawm atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) los ntawm atrial myocytes. ANP yog cov tshuaj hormones uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv sodium thiab dej tawm, yog li cuam tshuam rau ntshav siab thiab kua dej sib npaug. Los ntawm inhibiting ANP secretion, PACAP27 yuav muaj peev xwm hloov lub raum tuav ntawm sodium thiab dej, txawm hais tias qhov txuas no tsis tau tsim ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib npaug dej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, PACAP27 cov teebmeem ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb (CNS) thiab kev tswj hwm neuroendocrine kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov dej sib npaug. CNS koom ua ke ntau yam kev nkag siab txog kev nkag siab txog cov dej num thiab tswj cov dej kom tsawg thiab tso tawm los ntawm txoj hauv kev neuroendocrine. Thaum cov pov thawj ncaj qha txuas PACAP27 rau cov txheej txheem neuroendocrine no tsis muaj, nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov kho cov kev ua haujlwm neuronal thiab kev tso tawm neurotransmitter qhia tias nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej sib npaug ntawm cov koom haum siab dua.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias feem ntau ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm PACAP27 tau tsom mus rau nws cov teebmeem hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm lub cev lub cev, xws li cov hlab plawv, neuroendocrine, thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm ncaj qha thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm PACAP27 hauv kev kho cov dej sib npaug tseem yog thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tu ncua.
Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro
PACAP(1-27) ua tau zoo inhibits qhov nce ntawm tag nrho cov pulmonary resistance induced los ntawm allergens los yog histamine nyob rau hauv guinea npua. Nws cov teebmeem bronchodilatory piv rau cov salbutamol, tab sis nrog rau cov kab mob plawv zoo dua, vim nws tsis ua rau lub plawv dhia ntau. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tias PACAP(1-27) yuav muaj peev xwm kho tau hauv kev kho cov kab mob ua pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas nkag siab zoo rau cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj bronchodilators tam sim no.
Txoj kev tsim khoom
Tshem tawm cov hmoov nplej tom qab pituitary: Muab cov pituitary tom qab tso rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev phosphorus pentoxide kom qhuav (dej cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua 3%), grind rau hauv hmoov nrog lub pob zeb kom tau cov hmoov coarse posterior pituitary. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv 90% acetone (3-6 zaug), do hauv 25℃Chemicalbook rau 4 teev, thiab tawm mus ib hmos. Rov ua cov txheej txheem no 2-3 zaug, noj me me ntawm cov tshuaj acetone thiab ntxiv me me ntawm cov dej distilled kom txog thaum nws tsis muaj turbid. Tom qab ntawd kho ib zaug nrog ether (3 zaug tus nqi), lim, thiab cia cov ether evaporate ib txwm ua kom qhuav kom tau cov hmoov tom qab pituitary.
Kev kho acetone thiab ether yog tshem tawm cov khoom hnyav molecular thiab lipids kom paub meej.
Porcine neurohypophysis [P2O5] → Crude posterior lobe hmoov [acetone, ether] → [25 degree, 4h] posterior lobe hmoov
Refining ntawm posterior pituitary hmoov: Ntxiv 0.25% acetic acid rau posterior pituitary hmoov thiab muab rho tawm ob zaug, ntxiv 5 zaug tus nqi nyob rau hauv thawj zaug thiab 2 zaug tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub thib ob lub sij hawm, do thiab extract ntawm 50℃rau 15min txhua zaus, lim. Tom qab ob lub extraction, muab cov filtrates, ua kom sov lub filtrate mus rau 100 degree, khaws cia rau 15min, ntxiv 0.5% chlorobutanol thaum kub (ntim piv yog 1: 1, Chemicalbook ntxiv activated carbon kho thaum tsim nyog), ceev txias kom qis dua 30 degree, refrigerate thaum hmo ntuj, thiab lim dua. Cov acetic acid extract muaj cov proteins tsis raug thiab autolytic enzymes, uas tuaj yeem coagulated thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm cua sov (Ceeb toom: oxytocin potency yog yooj yim ineffective nyob rau hauv alkaline los yog muaj zog acid. Nws yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv tsis muaj zog acid xws li pH3-4, thiab tseem ruaj khov nyob rau hauv 100℃circulating steam sterilization rau 30mins).
Posterior pituitary lobe hmoov [0.25% acetic acid] → [50℃, 15min] filtrate [0.5% chlorobutanol] → [refrigerate, filter] refined posterior pituitary lobe hmoov kua
Kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj tom qab pituitary hmoov: Tom qab txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm cov hmoov tom qab pituitary, ntxiv dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj kom ncav cuag 10.5U / ml, thiab ntxiv tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm trichlorobutanol kom ncav cuag 0Chemicalbook.5%, kho cov pH mus rau 3.5 nrog glacial acetic acid, lim nrog ib tug molten funnel 0 nyob rau hauv 1 teev, circulating 0. kom tau txais cov khoom tiav ntawm posterior txhaj tshuaj pituitary.
Houye hmoov kua [potency test] → [pH3.5] Houye txhaj kua [filtration, sterilization] → Houye txhaj tshuaj kua tiav cov khoom.
PAB-27, tseem hu ua Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase -Activating Polypeptide (1-27), yog N-terminal fragment ntawm PACAP-38. Nws muaj thawj 27 amino acids ntawm PACAP-38 thiab dais tus lej CAS 127317-03-7. PACAP 1-27 nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv sib txawv raws li PACAP receptor antagonist.
PACAP 1-27 muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv rau PACAP receptors sib txawv, raws li ntsuas los ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig IC50. Tshwj xeeb, nws ua kom pom tus nqi IC50 ntawm 3 nM rau nas PAC1, 2 nM rau nas VPAC1, thiab 5 nM rau tib neeg VPAC2 receptors. Qhov no qhia tias PACAP 1-27 muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov nas VPAC1 receptors. Cov khoom no ua rau PACAP 1-27 yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv neuroscience thiab pharmacology, ua rau kev tshawb fawb rau hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm PACAP thiab nws cov receptors hauv cov txheej txheem physiological thiab pathological.
Ntxiv mus, PACAP 1-27 muaj peev xwm siv tshuaj kho mob. Los ntawm kev thaiv qhov ua kom ntawm PACAP receptors, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tswv yim kho mob rau PACAP cov kab mob. Muab qhov nthuav dav ntawm PACAP receptors nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob, PACAP 1-27 tuaj yeem muaj cov teebmeem lom neeg ntau dua thiab cov kev cia siab ntawm kev siv. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, PACAP 1-27 yog ib qho kev cog lus nrog kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab cov kev pab cuam kho mob.
kev phiv tshuaj
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) yog ib qho neuropeptide cais tawm ntawm hypothalamus xyoo 1989, uas muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom: PACAP-38 (38 amino acids) thiab PACAP-27 (27 amino acids). PACAP-27, raws li kev sib txawv luv luv, tswj hwm intracellular adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) thiab calcium ion concentrations los ntawm kev ua kom lub adenylate cyclase (AC) thiab phospholipase C (PLC) qhia txoj hauv kev, yog li cuam tshuam rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv xws li kev tso tawm neurotransmitter, kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes. Nws cov receptors suav nrog PAC1, VPAC1, thiab VPAC2, uas tau nthuav dav hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab, plab hnyuv, kab mob plawv, thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cardiovascular system teb
Hypotension thiab tachycardia: PACAP-27 txo qis peripheral tsis kam los ntawm dilating cov hlab ntsha, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cerebral thiab coronary hlab ntsha, uas yuav ua rau hypotension. Cov kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj PACAP-27, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov nas txo qis li ntawm 20% -30%, thaum rov ua rau tachycardia. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev nce qib ntawm cAMP hauv vascular du leeg hlwb, ua rau txo qis hauv calcium ion influx thiab nce hauv potassium ion efflux, ua rau vasodilation.
Kev pheej hmoo ntawm arrhythmia: Kev txhaj tshuaj ntau lossis kev txhaj tshuaj sai ntawm PACAP-27 tuaj yeem ua rau ua rau ntxov ntxov ventricular contractions lossis atrial fibrillation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas muaj lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm calcium ion homeostasis thiab autonomic nervous system regulation disorders.
Cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb
Mob taub hau thiab mob taub hau: PACAP-27 koom nrog hauv cov kab mob migraine los ntawm kev ua kom lub paj hlwb trigeminal tso tawm calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), ua rau vasodilation thiab neurogenic o. Hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, PACAP-27 infusion tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau hauv kwv yees li 60% ntawm cov neeg mob migraine, thiab cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li kev tawm tsam ntuj.
Kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm zoo: Kev cuam tshuam ntev rau PACAP-27 tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau hippocampal kev ua haujlwm thiab ua rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Cov qauv tsiaj tau pom tias PACAP-27 knockout nas ua tau zoo dua hauv kev sim maze, thaum exogenous supplementation txhim kho kev txawj ntse tsis txaus.
Gastrointestinal tshuaj
Inhibition ntawm gastric acid secretion: PACAP-27 activates D hlwb nyob rau hauv lub antrum ntawm lub plab kom tso tawm somatostatin, indirectly inhibiting gastrin secretion thiab txo gastric acid ntau lawm. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab zom mov, ua rau cov tsos mob plab zom mov xws li plab hnyuv thiab thaum ntxov satiety.
Cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv: PACAP-27 muaj kev tswj xyuas ob txoj hauv kev ntawm txoj hnyuv du: nws txhawb nqa peristalsis ntawm qis concentrations thiab inhibits peristalsis ntawm siab concentrations. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no tuaj yeem ua rau raws plab lossis cem quav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum noj tshuaj tsis raug cai.
Metabolic thiab endocrine ntshawv siab
Ntshav qabzib hloov pauv: PACAP-27 txhawb nqa pancreatic beta hlwb kom tso cov tshuaj insulin, thaum inhibiting alpha hlwb los ntawm secreting glucagon, ua rau txo cov ntshav qabzib. Tom qab tswj hwm PACAP-27 rau cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv, qhov nruab nrab cov ntshav qabzib qis qis dua li ntawm 15%, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob hypoglycemic xws li tawm hws thiab palpitations.
Cov thyroid tsis ua haujlwm: PACAP-27 txhawb cov thyroid hormone synthesis thiab tso tawm los ntawm kev ua kom PAC1 receptors hauv cov thyroid follicular hlwb. Kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau mus ntev yuav ua rau hyperthyroidism, tshwm sim raws li palpitations, poob phaus, thiab tes tshee.
Cim npe nrov: pacap-27 cas 127317-03-7, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom