Cov tshuaj Formamideyog ib qho organic compound nrog cov mis molecular ntawm CH3NO. Nws yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim pob tshab nrog me ntsis ammonia tsw. Soluble hauv ether thiab chlorine uas muaj cov kuab tshuaj, me ntsis soluble hauv benzene, thiab miscible nrog dej, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, dioxane, ethylene glycol, phenol thiab qis esters. Nws tuaj yeem yaj casein, tab sis tsis yog albumin. Nws tuaj yeem yaj cov casein, qabzib, pob kws protein, gelatin, tsiaj kua nplaum, cob, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, lignin, acetate fiber, nylon thiab qee cov ntsev inorganic, chlorides ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, tin, cobalt, hlau, txhuas thiab nickel, qee cov sulfates thiab nitrates. Nws yog cov khoom siv raw rau cov tshuaj hluavtaws, txuj lom, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, thiab lwm yam, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau hluavtaws fiber ntau spinning, yas ua, thiab tsim cov ligncasein number case.
|
Tshuaj Formula |
CH 3 nr |
|
Exact Mass |
45 |
|
Molecular Luj |
45 |
|
m/z |
45 (100.0%), 46 (1.1%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
C, 26.67; H, 6.71; N, 31.10; O, 35.52 |
|
|
|
Formamide, nrog cov mis molecular CH3NO, yog cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab nrog cov ntxhiab tsw me ntsis ammonia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau cov synthesis ntawm kws tshuaj, fragrances, dyes, thiab kuj yuav lug siv raws li ib tug hnyav nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb.
Organic synthesis teb
Solvent:
Formamide, raws li ib tug polar solvent, yog siv nyob rau hauv cov organic synthesis kom yaj ntau yam organic tebchaw thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic, formamide tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kuab tshuaj los pab cov reactants zoo dua kev sib cuag thiab hnov qab, nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tawm los.
Lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Formamide tuaj yeem tsim cov hydrogen cyanide los ntawm cov catalysts ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog siv los ua ke imidazole (rau kho trichomoniasis), pyrimidine (kho cov kab mob parasitic), thiab 1,3,5-triazine.
Formamide kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov caffeine, theobromine, tshuaj yej alkaloids, thiab lwm yam.
Reaction intermediates:
Formamide yog ib qho tseem ceeb nruab nrab ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic, koom nrog ntau yam kev hloov pauv, ntxiv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation. Cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
Ring reaction:
Qhov nruab nrab 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine ntawm vitamin B ₁ (adenine phosphate) yog tau los ntawm cyclization ntawm formamide nrog diethyl malonate.
Formamide yog cyclized nrog ortho aminobenzoic acid kom tau qhov nruab nrab quinazolone-4 ntawm cov tshuaj antiarrhythmic Changluolin.
Formamide yog cyclized nrog 3-amino-4-ethoxycarbonylpyrazole kom tau txais xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol.
Formamide yog cyclized nrog diethylamine tetraacetic acid kom tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ethyleneimine.
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm sulfonamide tshuaj, 5-methoxy-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine disodium, tau txais los ntawm cyclization ntawm formamide nrog methoxyethyl malonate.
Kev kho mob teb
Tshuaj synthesis:
Formamide yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau synthesizing ntau yam tshuaj, nrog rau cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb raws li hauv qab no:
Cov tshuaj sulfonamide:
Sulfamethoxazole (sulfamethoxazole) yog ib qho tshuaj sulfonamide nruab nrab uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa thiab tso zis. Thaum lub sij hawm nws synthesis, qhov nruab nrab 4,6-dihydroxymethoxypyrimidine yog synthesized los ntawm cyclization ntawm methoxymalonyl thiab formamide nyob rau hauv sodium methoxide.
vitamin:
Vitamin B ₁ (adenine phosphate) muaj cov nyhuv stimulating ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb proliferation thiab siv tau los kho leukopenia los ntawm ntau yam laj thawj. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm synthesizing vitamin B ₁ los ntawm diethyl malonate, formamide yog siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau thawj thiab thib tsib cyclization tshwm sim.
Vitamin B (pyridoxine hydrochloride) yog ib qho tseem ceeb coenzyme nyob rau hauv amino acid metabolism, siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho lub hauv paus paj hlwb cov tsos mob ntawm isoniazid thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm peripheral neuropathy. Hauv - oxazole txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas cov vitamin B los ntawm pyruvic acid, formamide yog siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent.
Cov tshuaj hypolipidemic:
Dextran sulfate (sodium ntsev) (DS Na luv luv) yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tshiab rau txo cov ntshav lipids thiab tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov ntshav lipids siab. Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev formamide chlorosulfonic acid.
Allopurinol:
Allopurinol yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob rau ntau yam kab mob nrog thawj los yog theem nrab serum uric acid elevation, xws li gout, mob los yog mob leukemia, polycythemia vera, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv peb lub - kauj ruam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm synthesizing allopurinol los ntawm hexyl cyanacetate, formamide thib peb yog siv los ua ib qho kev sib cuam tshuam cov khoom siv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Lwm yam tshuaj:
Imine-154 (ethylenediamine tetraacetylimine) muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory rau ntau yam qog nqaij hlav. Nws muaj qee yam kev txo qis hauv plab hnyuv, mob qog noj ntshav mis, reticular cell sarcoma, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau psoriasis.
Cov tshuaj hnyav:
Formamide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj hnyav los txhim kho cov solubility thiab stability ntawm cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, formamide feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov txheej txheem crystallization ntawm penicillin thiab dihydrostreptomycin sulfate.
Formamide yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov tshuaj sulfonamide, vitamin B, lipid-cov tshuaj txo qis, allopurinol, tshuaj tshiab rau psoriasis, thiab lwm yam tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj sulfonamide xws li sulfamethoxazole. Kuj hu ua Xinnuoming los yog Xinmingsu, lub npe Askiv SMZ yog ib qho tshuaj sulfonamide nruab nrab uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa thiab tso zis. Hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm SMZ, qhov nruab nrab 4,6-dihydroxymethoxypyrimidine yog tsim los ntawm cyclization ntawm methoxymalonyl thiab formamide hauv sodium methoxide.
Synthesis ntawm vitamin B4. Vitamin B, tseem hu ua adenosine monophosphate los yog 6-kryptopurine phosphate, muaj cov nyhuv stimulating ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb proliferation thiab siv tau los kho leukopenia los ntawm ntau yam laj thawj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau leukopenia tshwm sim los ntawm qog chemotherapy. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm synthesizing B los ntawm diethyl malonate, formamide yog siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau thawj thiab thib tsib cyclization tshwm sim.
Synthesis ntawm vitamin B6. Vitamin B6, tseem hu ua pyridoxine hydrochloride, yog coenzyme ntawm cov enzymes tseem ceeb xws li transaminase thiab amino acid decarboxylase hauv kryptote metabolism. Siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb cov tsos mob ntawm isoniazid thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm peripheral neuropathy, nrog rau ntuav, seborrheic dermatitis, pellagra tshwm sim los ntawm cev xeeb tub, mob hluav taws xob, los yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab vitamin deficiency tshwm sim los ntawm ntev -lub sij hawm qhov ncauj broad-spectrum. Formamide yog siv los ua cov tshuaj oxidation hauv oxazole txoj kev ntawm cov vitamin synthesis los ntawm propionic acid.
Synthesis ntawm allopurinol. Allopurinol, tseem hu ua 4-hydroxypyrazole (3,4, d) pyrimidine, yog siv kho mob los kho ntau yam kab mob nrog thawj lossis theem nrab cov ntshav thiab cov zis hyperintensities, xws li gout, mob qog noj ntshav lossis mob ntev, polycythemia vera, ntau yam myeloma, thiab lwm yam qog nqaij hlav malignant. Hyperuricemia tshwm sim los ntawm cov cell necrosis loj heev thaum siv tshuaj khomob lossis kev kho hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho uric acid nephropathy. Hauv peb-kauj ruam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm synthesizing allopurinol los ntawm hexyl cyanoacetate, formamide yog siv los ua ib qho khoom nruab nrab hauv qhov thib peb cyclization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Synthesis ntawm lipid- txo cov tshuaj Ds~Na. Dextran sulfate (sodium ntsev) (DS Na luv luv) yog cov tshuaj tshiab siv los txo cov ntshav lipids thiab tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov ntshav lipids siab. Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev formamide chlorosulfonic acid.
Imine (CRF-154) tau npaj. Kuj tseem hu ua ethylenediamine tetraacetamide. Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, cov tshuaj muaj ib qho tseem ceeb inhibitory nyhuv ntawm ntau yam kev sim qog; Kev soj ntsuam ua ntej qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj muaj ib qho kev txo qis hauv plab hnyuv, mob qog noj ntshav thiab reticulosarcoma. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj kuj muaj kev kho mob zoo rau psoriasis. Nyob rau hauv plaub kauj ruam cov txheej txheem ntawm synthesizing ethylenediamine tetraacetamide los ntawm chloroacetic acid, formamide yog siv raws li ib tug nruab nrab raw khoom nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib theem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tshuaj tua kab
Tshuaj tua kab intermediates:
Formamide tuaj yeem siv los ua ke qee cov tshuaj tua kab nruab nrab, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntxiv los npaj cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab. Piv txwv li, Chlorfenapyr yog ib qho ua tau zoo heev - spectrum insecticide, thiab formamide tej zaum yuav siv los ua ib qho nruab nrab lossis hnyav hauv nws cov txheej txheem synthesis.
Tshuaj tua kab additives:
Formamide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab ntxiv txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, xws li txhim kho lawv cov permeability thiab stability.
Dye field
Dye synthesis:
Formamide tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm dyes los pab txhim kho lawv cov xim thiab ceev ceev. Qee cov organic dyes xav tau formamide ua cov kuab tshuaj los yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab thaum lub sijhawm ua ke.
Yas Plasticizer:
Formamide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov yas yas los txhim kho qhov yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yas. Hauv cov khoom siv yas foamed, formamide ua cov yas yas ua npuas hauv pem teb mats ntau dua thiab mos.
Electronic field
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:
Formamide muaj qee yam kev siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li cov kuab tshuaj los yog cov khoom ntxiv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua kua, thiab lwm yam.
Textile additives:
Formamide tuaj yeem siv rau hauv dyeing thiab luam ntawv txheej txheem ntawm textiles ua cov kuab tshuaj rau dyes lossis pigments, pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm dyeing thiab tes xav ntawm textiles. Tsis tas li ntawd, formamide kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua softener hauv kev lag luam fiber ntau thiab cov kua nplaum tsiaj.
Lwm yam kev siv
Daim ntawv ua tus neeg sawv cev: Formamide tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg ua ntawv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv.
Petroleum drilling thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam coagulant: Formamide yog siv los ua coagulant hauv roj av drilling thiab kev lag luam tsim kho kom txhim kho kev tsim kho.
Casting carburizing thiab nitriding tus neeg sawv cev: Formamide yog siv los ua carburizing thiab nitriding tus neeg sawv cev hauv kev lag luam casting los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm castings.
Analytical reagent: Hauv chav kuaj, formamide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj analytical reagent los txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus amino acid hauv mov.
Txoj kev 1
Methyl formate yog tsim los ntawm carbon monoxide thiab methanol nyob rau hauv muaj sodium methoxide. Methyl formate yog rov ammonolyzed los tsim formamide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm 80-100℃thiab 0.2-0.6 MPa. Txoj kev no muaj ob peb yam teeb meem.
Txoj kev 2
Ua ntej, formic acid thiab methanol raug esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov methyl formate, tom qab ntawd ammonolysis los tsim cov formamide, thiab tom qab ntawd rectification cais methanol thiab impurities kom tau cov khoom tiav. Txoj kev no tau raug txiav tawm vim nws tus nqi siab.
Txoj kev 3
Formamide yog tsim ncaj qha los ntawm carbon monoxide thiab ammonia nyob rau hauv catalysis ntawm sodium methoxide nyob rau hauv siab siab (10-30MPa) thiab 80-100 degree.
Txoj kev 4
Formic acid thiab urea txoj kev.
Txoj kev 5
Ammonium formate yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm formic acid thiab ammonia. Cua sov ammonium formate kom lub cev qhuav dej kom tau txais formamide.
Formamide lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam yog hloov zuj zus, uas tau tsav los ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab kev nce qib hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis:
Advanced Material Synthesis:Formamide lub peev xwm kom ruaj khov hlau nanoparticles ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig hauv catalysis. Piv txwv li, formamide- txo cov nanoparticles kub muaj kev ua haujlwm siab hauv CO oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Nanotechnology:Formamide cov kev daws teeb meem yog siv los ua ke cov pa roj carbon nanotubes thiab graphene oxide los ntawm kev ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide lossis stabilizing tus neeg sawv cev.
Zog Cia:Formamide-raws li electrolytes hauv supercapacitors qhia kev cog lus vim lawv cov ionic conductivity siab thiab dav electrochemical window.
Biodegradable Polymers:Formamide derivatives tau muab tso rau hauv polyesters thiab polyamides los txhim kho biodegradability yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
AI-Triven Formulation Optimization:Cov qauv kev kawm tshuab tau raug cob qhia los kwv yees cov kev daws teeb meem kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyuaj, txo kev sim - thiab - yuam kev hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.
Cim npe nrov: Formamide CAS 75-12-7, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom