Poov tshuaj Iodide hmoovyog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg Ki. Nws yog ib qho tsis muaj kob lossis dawb siv lead ua, tsw ntxhiab, thiab muaj qhov iab iab thiab qab ntsev. Nws yog tsim ntawm cov potassium cation thiab lub iodide anion. Poov tshuaj iodine tebchaw tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej, thiab txog 137 grams ntawm poov tshuaj Iodide cov pa taws tuaj yeem yog yaj ib 100 grams dej. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem yaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj yeeb zoo xws li Methanol thiab ethanol. Cov tshuaj no siv los ua diuretic, thiab ntxiv ib qho nyiaj tsim nyog rau lub rooj ntsev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kuab paug. Soluble hauv dej thiab ethanol. Cov kua aqueous tsaus nti nrog lub teeb, thiab dawb iodine. Cov poov tshuaj Iodide yog siv los ua cov organic compound thiab cov khoom siv raw tshuaj. Nws yog kev kho mob los tiv thaiv thiab kho cov neeg mus rau cov neeg mus rau (kab mob caj dab (caj dab loj) thiab npaj preunerative rau hyperthyroidism. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib qho kev cia siab. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau kev yees duab phaj ua thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj cov solubility zoo, redox thiab alkalinity, thiab nws yuav decomais ntawm qhov kub siab. Cov khoom no muab lub hauv paus rau nws daim ntawv thov hauv tshuaj, kho mob thiab lwm daim teb.
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Poov tshuaj Iodide hmoovyog dav siv inorganic compound. Nws muaj ntau yam siv hauv tshuaj, khoom noj, kev lag luam thiab lwm thaj teb. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm txhua qhov siv ntawm poov tshuaj iodide:
1. Hluav taws xob kev tiv thaiv:
Cov poov tshuaj iodine teb tau tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kev nqus cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub cev thiab txo cov kev siv hluav taws xob hauv lub cev, yog li txo hluav taws xob kev puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog vim tias poov tshuaj iodine teb tuaj yeem muab tau ntau ntawm cov iodine ruaj khov thiab sib tw nrog cov iodine los txo cov pa hluav taws xob hauv xov tooj cua. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kub ntxhov. Cov poov tshuaj Iodide feem ntau siv los daws teeb meem hluav taws xob ua raws li kev kho mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob ntsws.
2. Kev kho mob ntawm cov qog nqaij daim tawv:
Poov tshuaj iodine tebchaw tuaj yeem siv los kho hyperthyroidism. Thaum lub sijhawm kho, cov neeg mob tau muab cov tshuaj pleev cov poov xab muaj qhov txaus kom nyob ntawm iodine uptake site nyob rau hauv lub ntsws caj pas, yog li txo cov nyiaj ntawm cov thyroid hormones tsim los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Tsis tas li ntawd, poov tshuaj iodide tebchaw tseem tuaj yeem kho qee cov mob qog noj ntshav, xws li subacutis thyroid thiab tus neeg mus rau sab nraud.
3. Tsiaj thiab Nroj Tsuag Ntxiv Ntxiv:
Poov tshuaj Iodide cov tebchaw yuav siv tau ua tsiaj thiab cog pub ntxiv. Nws yog qhov zoo ntawm cov iodine ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov khoom siv Ntxiv cov poov tshuaj iodine compounds rau tsiaj noj kuj tseem txhim kho cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab cov nqaij ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom noj siv mis thiab cov mis nyuj.
4. Khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv:
Poov tshuaj iodine tebchaw tuaj yeem raug ntxiv rau cov zaub mov kom nce lawv cov ntsiab lus noj khoom haus. Cov khoom muaj xws li cov khoom noj, cov nqaij tawv, qhob cij, ncuav pias lawm tuaj yeem tuaj yeem muab cov iodine ruaj khov uas xav tau los ntawm lub cev.
5. Tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Poov tshuaj Iodide kuj yog ib qho tshuaj ntsuam tshuaj lom neeg hauv chav kuaj. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsom xam tshuaj, organic chemis thiab biochemistry, xws li potassium bromitions (k2idizing tus neeg sawv cev, oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev (k2idizing nitret (k2so4) thiab nyiaj nitrate (agno3), thiab lwm yam.
6. Txo lub sijhawm siv lub ntsej muag ntawm Bacillus taug kev:
Cov poov tshuaj Iodide cov chaw sib txuas lus tuaj yeem siv kom luv luv lub sijhawm ua si ntawm Bacillus toxin, muaj kev tiv thaiv kom sov uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov zaub mov thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Kev siv cov poov tshuaj Iodide yuav txo lub sijhawm ua kom lub plab zom mov, ceev kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib lub sijhawm.
7. Txo cov bioavailability ntawm tungsten:
Tungsten yog ib qho tseem ceeb siv cov khoom siv hlau tseem ceeb siv hauv kev lag luam. Thaum lub sij hawm tungsten raug, poov tshuaj Iodide cov tebchaw tau siv los txo nws cov kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, poov tshuaj iodine tebchaw muaj ntau cov ntawv thov, tsis yog rau cov kab mob qog ua thiab kev kho mob thiab nroj tsuag ntxiv, khoom noj khoom haus tshuaj ntxiv thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Ntxiv rau, poov tshuaj iodide tebchaw tseem tuaj yeem siv qee kis tshwj xeeb, xws li luv luv lub suab siv tshuab bacillus thiab txo cov bioavailability ntawm tungsten.
Cov piv txwv thov
Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm poov tshuaj Iodide daim ntawv thov kom tau txais kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev siv.
(1) Tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv iodine deficiency:
Hauv iodine tsis muaj thaj chaw tsis muaj zog, cov neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim kho iodine deficiency xws li cov qog cov qog thiab dwarfism. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kabmob no, ib qho kev tsim nyog ntawm poov tshuaj Iodide tuaj yeem raug ntxiv rau ntsev hauv zos ua neeg haus kom cov neeg haus. Qhov no tuaj yeem nce cov iodine tsawg ntawm cov pejxeem thiab tiv thaiv kev tshwm sim ntawm iodine deficiency tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
(2) Kev kho mob cov qog ua ntshav:
Rau cov neeg mob uas tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov thyroid cov kab mob xws li tus mus rau tus neeg mus, hyperthyroidism, thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntxuav poov xab tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho. Ntxiv nrog iodine tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov lus cua thiab kev zais siab ntawm cov qog cov tshuaj hormroid hormones, rov ua haujlwm lub thyroid muaj nuj nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, poov tshuaj iodide tseem tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tso tawm thiab synthesis ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog toxicity, thiab pab tswj kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob.
(3) Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev rau Nuclear raug xwm txheej:
Thaum muaj kev sib tsoo nuclear, hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav ua rau tib neeg lub qog ua cov thyroid. Txhawm rau txo txoj kev pheej hmoo no, poov tshuaj Iodide tuaj yeem muab rau cov pej xeem cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv. Poov tshuaj Iodide tuaj yeem ua rau cov iodine, txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
(4) kuaj ntsuas ntsuas:
Cov poov tshuaj Iodide feem ntau siv hauv chav kuaj cov Iodine hauv dej lossis cov ntshav siab hauv cov ntshav. Piv txwv li, iodine cov ntsiab lus hauv dej tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv cov qauv iodometric. Hom qauv no yog raws li txoj ntsiab cai ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm poov xab iodide thiab keeb kwm iodine kom tsim iodine ions. Los ntsuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine ions, iodine cov ntsiab lus hauv dej tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tsis ncaj. Hom qauv no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev rhiab siab thiab raug qhov zoo, thiab muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv kev saib xyuas thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov dej ib puag ncig.
(5) Cov tshuaj saftices organic xws li:
Hauv kev thaj teb Organic synthesis, poov tshuaj Iodide tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab nruab nrab. Piv txwv li, hauv kev npaj ntawm halogenated hydrocarbons, poov tshuaj Iodide tuaj yeem ua rau halogens los tsim cov poov tshuaj halocensium thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Tom qab ntawd, kev ua ntawm cov poov tshuaj halide siv rau lwm yam hloov kho lossis ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom synoundize lub hom phiaj. Hom qauv no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, thiab muaj cov kev thov kev cia siab hauv thaj teb cov xwm txheej hauv sab synthesis.
Cov poov tshuaj iod, tshuaj noj ua kua mis, yog ib qho ntsev inorganic dav siv hauv cov tshuaj, khoom noj, kev lag luam thiab lwm thaj chaw. Txhua txoj kev synthesis ntawmpoov tshuaj Iodide hmoovyuav qhia txog hauv kev nthuav dav hauv qab no.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nrog hydroiodic acid:
Nov yog ib txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev npaj ki. KI tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm reacerting hydroiodic acid (hi) nrog potassium carbonate (K2CO3) lossis Potassium Hydroxide (Koh). Cov mis:
Nyob zoo + k2Co las32Ki + h2O + CO2Nyob zoo + koh → ki + h2O
Cov kev tawm tsam nrog iodine:
Cov poov tshuaj hlau lossis sodium hlau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov poov tshuaj lossis dej qab zib thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau muaj cov kua roj hydroiodic dhau los npaj ki. Cov mis:
2NA + i2 NOM QAB5Ki {+ 3 h2Yog li4 + 2H2O25kHo4 + 3H2O + 2I2
Txoj kev txo cov hlau oxide hauv cov poov tshuaj tshuaj dawb huv
Hlau oxide tuaj yeem txo qis hauv cov poov tshuaj tshuaj dawb los tsim ferric hydroxide thiab ki, uas tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab pom thiab evaporation. Cov mis:
4Fe3O4{{0 {0}} Kcl + 20 hc → 12fecl2+ 4 k2fecl5 + 10H2O 2K2Daim ntawv me5+ 10 Ki → Fe2O3·2H2O {+ 10 kcl + 2 Kuv2
Cov kev tawm tsam ntawm iodine roj thiab hydrogen roj:
Hydrogen thiab iodine hnov qab nyob rau hauv cov catalyst ntawm graphite lossis platinum los tsim hydroiodic acid thiab ki, uas yog tom qab ntawd tau muaj txiaj ntsig kom tau ki. Cov mis:
H2 + I22Hi6Nyob zoo + h3Tus nees4 → 3H2O + 6I + H3Tus nees46Hi + Kio36I + KIO3 + 3H2O
Poov tshuaj permanganate txoj kev:
Potassium permanganate tuaj yeem oxidize Ixidize I- rau I2 raws li Alkaline tej yam kev mob. Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, KCL tuaj yeem txo mus rau KI los ntawm kev ntxiv cov poov tshuaj permanganate hauv kohl daws. Cov mis:
2kmno4 {{0 {}} koh + 10 ki → 2k2Mno4 + 8K2Co las3 + 5I2 + 5H2O
Poov tshuaj permanganate thiab poov tshuaj hnoos qeev txoj kev:
Potassium permanganate tuaj yeem oxidize poov xabium chloride rau chlorine roj thiab txo kcl rau Ki nyob rau hauv Alkaline tej yam kev mob. Cov mis:
2kmno4{{0 {}} koh + 3 kl → 2k3Mno4 + 3K2Co las3+ 3 cl2 + 8H2O 6cl2+ 6 ki → 6KCl + Kuv2
Hydrogen peroxide oxidation txoj kev:
Hydrogen peroxide tuaj yeem oxidize iion rau Ion rau I2, thiab tom qab ntawd hnov mob nrog cov poov tshuaj hydrochoide los npaj ki. Cov mis:
2KI + h2O22koh + 2 Kuv + o2
Txhawm rau kom suav, muaj ntau txoj kev hluavtaws ntawm KI, thiab txhua txoj kev muaj nws cov yam ntxwv thiab cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv thov. Hauv kev tsim tiag thiab tshawb nrhiav, cov qauv hluavtaws sib txawv yog xaiv los ua cov kev xav tau sib txawv thiab cov cai kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zooPoov tshuaj Iodide hmoov.
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Tshuaj Cov Qauv |
IK |
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Muaj pes tsawg leej |
166 |
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Molecular hnyav |
166 |
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m/z |
166 (100.0%), 168 (7.2%) |
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Kev Ntsuam Xyuas |
I, 76.45; K, 23.55 |
Poov tshuaj Iodide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau cov tshuaj los ntawm i- hauv ki. Ntawm halogen ions, i- muaj vojvoog loj tshaj plaws, yog li kuv-yog yooj yim los tsim cov nyom nrog kev hloov cov hlau ions thiab d-thaiv cov hlau ions; I- yog ntau reductive ntau dua br- thiab cl-, thiab yog yooj yim oxidized rau kuv2 cov khoom yooj yim; Lub solubility ntawm Iodide yog zoo li ntawm chloride thiab bromide. Lub iodide ag+, HG2+, Cu+, HG2+, thiab pb2+yog insoluble, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov precipitates yog xim.
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Qhov kev tshawb pom keeb kwm ntawmPoov tshuaj Iodide hmoov(Ki) tuaj yeem raug kaw rov qab mus rau 1811, thaum tus kws tshaj lij Qhov tseeb, ua ntej sib koom ua ke, Johan Louis Provized Iodine los ntawm Iodine-muaj sib txuas nrog 1820, tab sis lawv tsis txheeb xyuas qhov no ua ke ua Iodide.
Lub rendering txoj kev siv los ntawm kev sib cav los ntawm lub sijhawm koom nrog muab cov khoom ci thiab lwm yam seawisheds mus rho tawm cov iodine los ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem, nws pom ib nag los tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov seem ntawm grilled seaweed, uas tau txheeb ze li ki los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tshuaj lom neeg.
Ob peb xyoos tom qab, Gay-OSall thiab Balard txhua tus paub tseeb tias tib qho kev xam phaj - los ntawm kev tsom xam cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom sib txawv xws li seawater. Balard cais iodine hauv seaweed xyoo 1826, tau ua tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuaj thiab txheeb xyuas qhov sib txuas.
Txij thaum ntawd los, Ki tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj, kev sim tshawb fawb, thiab kev lag luam, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb inorganic compound.
Cim npe nrov: poov tshuaj Iodide Hmoov Cas Li 7681-11-0, cov chaw muag khoom, chaw tsim khoom, chaw lag luam, yuav, nqe, rau muag