Chloromethyl Clorosulfateis an organic compound with the molecular formula CH2CL2O3S, which combines the properties of chloromethyl and chlorosulfonate esters with unique chemical properties and applications. Uas zwm rau hauv chav kawm ntawm Chlorosulfonate Esters, uas yog chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob organic nruab nrab nrog ntau yam ntawm kev siv. Nws muaj cov leej faj Atom txuas rau ob qho Oxygen atoms, ib qho ntawm muaj chlorine atom txuas rau nws, thiab lwm cov pa otom txuas nrog ib pawg organic. Vim tias nws cov qauv tshwj xeeb, nws yog siv los ua qhov reagent rau chloromretylation lossis sulfonate Esterification hauv cov organic synthesis. Nws tuaj yeem siv los qhia cov pab pawg chloromerethyl rau hauv cov organic molecules, yog li hloov cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cuam tshuam ntawm lub molecule. Chlorosulfonates kuj siv tau nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus organic lossis kev tiv thaiv ib pawg hauv cov organic synthesis. Cov Cheeb Tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm kev thov muaj xws li cov txheej txheem synthes hauv cov tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, zas xim, xim qab.
|
|
|
| Tshuaj Formula | CH2CL2O3S |
| Molecular hnyav | 165 |
| Muaj pes tsawg leej | 150.96 |
| m/z | 149.89 (100.0%), 151.89 (63.9%), 153.89 (10.2%), 151.89 (4.5%), 153.89 (2.9%) |
| Elemental Analysis | Cl, 46.97; O, 31.80; S, 21.24 |
| Kub taw tes | 45-50 degree / 10 mmHg |
| Qhov ntom | 1.631 g / mL ntawm 25 degree |
| Refractive Index | n 20/D 1.448 |
| flash point | 176 Qib F |
| Cia tej yam kev mob | 2-8 degree |
| So | Soluble hauv Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate |
| Daim ntawv | Kua |
| Xim | Ntshiab xim tsis muaj xim rau daj |
| dej solubility | sweacts |
| ruaj khov | Kev noo noo nkag |
Kev sim kawm rauchloromethyl chlorosulfate(CMCS) qhia txog nws qhov kev npaj los ntawm txoj kev catalytic thiab nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab nrog nucleophiles. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov kua sulfur trioxide (SO3) nrog dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub ua rau lub insert ntawm SO3 rau hauv lub C-Cl bonds, yielding CMCS. Cov txheej txheem no qeeb tab sis ua nrawm nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov catalytic ntau ntawm trimethyl borate. Cov khoom sib tov muaj feem ntau ntawm CMCS thiab methylene bis (chlorosulfate) (MBCS) hauv qhov sib piv ntawm kwv yees li 2: 1. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm CMCS, cais los ntawm distillation, tsuas yog 30-35%.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalyzed hauv homogeneous kua theem ntawm 45 degree tau saib xyuas lub sijhawm thiab ua haujlwm ntawm reactant concentration siv 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, peb cov khoom hloov pauv ntxiv (tsim A, B, thiab C) tau tsim, uas decompose maj mam ntawm 45 degree tab sis sai dua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, ua rau ntxiv CMCS thiab MBCS. Cov khoom lag luam tam sim no tau pom tias yog chloromethyl chloropolysulfates tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho molecule ntawm CH2Cl2 nrog ob, peb, thiab plaub molecules ntawm SO3, feem.
CMCS reacts rapidly with anionic nucleophiles, such as halide or acetate ions, in homogeneous solution. The reactivity of CMCS has been compared with that of MBCS and methyl chlorosulfate (MCS) in competitive experiments, revealing a reactivity order of MCS > MBCS > CMCS >>Ch2Cl2.
Txoj kev tshawb no muab kev nkag siab txog kev npaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm CMCS, qhia txog nws lub peev xwm los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov organic synthesis. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ib ntus qhia tias yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CMCS.
 |
 |
Hais txog Chloromethylation
Chloromethylation yog cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom neeg qhov twg chloromethyl (-ch2Cl) pawg tau qhia rau cov neeg muaj ntxhiab lossis aliphatic sib txuas. Tus txheej txheem no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv formaldehyde thiab hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov catalyst, xws li zinc chloride lossis sulfuric acid, los tsim cov tshuaj chlorometylety. Hloov lwm txoj kev xav, cov reagents tshwj xeeb zoo li chloromethyl sulforylal c kuj tseem ua haujlwm.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm chloromethylation feem ntau pib nrog electrophilic nres ntawm lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab los ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo ntawm formaldehyde-derived intermediate, uas yog tom qab chlorinated los tsim cov chloromethyl pawg. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab, nyob ntawm lub nplhaib hloov pauv tus qauv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Chlorometylation pom cov ntawv thov dav hauv cov synthesis ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab, thiab kws tshuaj. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los npaj benzotriazole UV nqus thiab nplaim taws retardants. Ib qho ntxiv, chlorinated cov tebcomic uas tau los ntawm chlorometylation ua kev sib txuam hauv kev tsim cov polymers thiab surfactants.
Txawm hais tias nws cov nqi hluav taws xob, chloromethylation cov kev yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog kev ceev faj vim muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov reactant thiab cov khoom lag luam, xws li corrosivity thiab toxicity. Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb kom tsim nyog thiab kev ceev faj kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thiab txuag cov txheej txheem chlorometylation.
About NNAAs
Tsis yog cov aminino acids (NNAs) sawv cev rau ntau hom kev sib txuas ua ke uas tsis tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob caj ces. Tsis zoo li tus qauv 20 proteinogenic amino acids, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv protein hauv cov protein los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab caj ces engineingering.
Cov amino acids no feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, xws li hloov pauv cov saw hlau, cov khoom siv fluorescent, lossis cov peev txheej hlau khi, uas nthuav dav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev sib cuam tshuam hauv cov protein. Lawv koom ua ke tso cai rau kev tsim cov proteins nrog lub cev tshiab, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha.
NNAAs tau pom cov ntawv thov hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog biotechnology, biomedicine, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Hauv biotechnology, lawv tau raug siv los tsim cov proteins nrog txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg, solubility, lossis kev ua haujlwm catalytic. Hauv kev kho mob biomedicine, lawv tau ua haujlwm los tsim cov proteins nrog cov haujlwm kho tshiab lossis tsim cov phiaj xwm xa tshuaj. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, lawv tau siv los tsim cov proteins uas muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag lossis cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
Lub peev xwm los koom nrog NNAAs rau hauv cov proteins nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo heev los ntawm kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv genetic code expansion technology. Cov thev naus laus zis no ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb suav nrog NNAAs rau hauv cov protein nyob hauv cov hlwb, yog li muab cov cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev tsim qauv tsim thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov protein nrog cov khoom tshiab thiab cov haujlwm.
Txoj kev 1: Kev ntsuas kev ncaj qha raws li Chlorosulfate thiab dej cawv
Pib Cov Khoom Siv
Chlorosulfonic acid (HSO₃Cl).
Methanol los yog cawv sib xws (xws li chloromethanol CH₂ClOH).
Cov ruam
Sib tov chlorosulfonic acid nrog methanol los yog chloromethanol ntawm qhov tsim nyog kub thiab siab.
Ntxiv cov catalyst (xws li sulfuric acid, boron trifluoride, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem pab ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai.
Hydrogen sulfate intermediates yuav raug tsim thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua raws li los ntawm kev tsim los ntawm kev hloov ntawm chlorine atoms.
Txoj Kev II: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab raws li chloromethylated reagents
Pib Cov Khoom Siv
Cov tshuaj muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tsim nyog (xws li phenols, cawv, thiab lwm yam).
Chloromethylation reagents (xws li chloromethyl methyl ether, formaldehyde, thiab lwm yam).
Chlorosulfonic acid los yog lwm yam sulfonating reagent.
Teb cov kauj ruam
Ua ntej, cov khoom pib yog chloromethylated siv chloromethylation reagent los tsim ib pawg muaj cov pawg chloromethyl pawg.
Tom qab ntawd, qhov nruab nrab yog reacted nrog chlorosulfonic acid los yog lwm yam sulfonating reagent rau daim ntawv.Chloromethyl Clorosulfatelos ntawm cov txheej txheem Esterification.
Chloromethyl chlorosulfate, los yog Chloromethyl chlorosulfonate, nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv bioactive uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig hauv ntau yam kev siv biochemical. Nov yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb bioactive nta:
Xaiv Ractivity: Nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug heev xaiv reagent rau chloromethylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm biologically active molecules. Qhov kev xaiv no tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov amino acids thiab lwm yam biomolecules yam tsis tau tsim cov khoom tsis zoo, xws li carcinogenic bis (chloromethyl) ether.
Amino Acid Hloov: Ua haujlwm hauv Fmoc-tiv thaiv amino acid chloromethylation txheej txheem. Qhov kev hloov kho no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm peptide conjugates thiab lwm cov amino acid-derived bioactive compounds.
Ntau yam Intermediate: Vim nws cov chloromethyl reactive pawg, nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug ntau yam intermediate nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm bioactive compounds. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem pom cov kab mob tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, lossis lwm yam kev ua ub no, nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab lub hom phiaj.
Muaj peev xwm hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshuaj: Muab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib txuas ntawm amino acid-based bioactive molecules, nws tuav lub peev xwm hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj thiab kev loj hlob. Nws tuaj yeem pab tsim cov tshuaj tshiab nrog kev ua tau zoo thiab txo cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, nws cov yam ntxwv bioactive ua nws cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tshawb fawb biochemical thiab kev tsim tshuaj. Nws xaiv reactivity, muaj peev xwm hloov amino acids, thiab versatility ua cov kab ke sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv xyoob ntoo ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab tshuab cov neeg sawv cev.
Cim npe nrov: Chloromethyl Clrorosulfate Cas 49715-04-0, cov chaw muag khoom, chaw tsim khoom, chaw tsim khoom, yuav khoom, nqe, loj, rau muag