Pure Samarium CAS 7440-19-9

Ntshiab samariumyog cov khoom siv hlau nrog cov cim tshuaj Sm thiab atomic naj npawb 62. Qhov no yog cov hlau dawb dawb ntawm nruab nrab hardness, uas yooj yim rau oxidize hauv huab cua. Raws li ib feem ntawm lanthanide series, samarium feem ntau xav tias oxidation lub xeev ntawm +3. SmO, SmS, SmSe thiab SmTe yog cov feem ntau cov tebchaw ntawm samarium (II). Samarium tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev, tsuas yog me ntsis toxicity. Nws coexists nrog lwm yam tsawg lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv monazite xuab zeb. Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb muaj nyob hauv monazite, nrog rau calcium thiab thorium, tau muab faib rau hauv cov dej xuab zeb ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Brazil thiab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Florida. Qhov loj feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv monazite xuab zeb feem ntau yog 50%, ntawm cov samarium suav rau 2.8%. Tsis tas li ntawd, samarium kuj muaj nyob rau hauv bastnaesite, uas feem ntau yog faib nyob rau yav qab teb California. Ion pauv tshuab yog xav tau los cais samarium los ntawm nws cov zaub mov.

Ntshiab samarium, raws li tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, tau ua kom pom qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm daim ntawv thov hauv ntau qhov chaw vim nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb.

Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tas mus li: qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias

 

Samarium cobalt mus tas li hlau nplaum (SmCo) yog ib tug pioneer nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov khoom hlau nplaum ruaj khov, nrog cov khoom sib nqus thib ob tsuas yog neodymium hlau boron. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias stability, demagnetization tsis kam, thiab corrosion kuj.

Technical characteristics: Samarium cobalt magnets are divided into two categories: SmCo ₅ series and Sm ₂ Co ₁ series. The latter has become mainstream due to its higher magnetic energy product (up to 32MGOe) and coercivity (>25 KOB). Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub ncav cuag 350 degree, thiab qee cov qauv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov chaw huab cua ntawm 538 degree. Qhov sib nqus hloov pauv yog tsawg dua 0.03% / degree, ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov tshuab precision hauv qhov kub sib txawv.

 

Kev siv tub rog:
F-35 fighter dav hlau: Txhua lub dav hlau yuav tsum tau 23 kilograms ntawm samarium cobalt hlau nplaum los tsav radar servo systems thiab high-temperature motors (muaj peev xwm tiv taus 538 degree), kom ntseeg tau meej tswj nyob rau hauv huab cua ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob. Neodymium hlau boron hlau nplaum tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau vim muaj teeb meem kub magnetic attenuation.
Missile kev taw qhia system: Lub samarium cobalt hlau nplaum tsav lub khob lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub taub hau, tswj kev sib nqus ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias kev sib txhuam ib puag ncig tsim los ntawm lub davhlau supersonic. Nws cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam kom ntseeg tau qhov kev ntseeg ntawm laser / infrared taw qhia cov cim.

 

Nuclear submarine: Lub sonar detection system ntawm Virginia chav kawm nuclear submarine tso siab rau samarium cobalt hlau nplaum los ntes cov suab tsis muaj zog, thiab lub zog propulsion siv samarium hlau nplaum kom ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ntsiag to, tsis txhob raug cov yam ntxwv sib nqus.
Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam: Hauv thaj chaw xws li satellite navigation, siab - cov raj zaus, cov khoom siv microwave, thiab lwm yam, cov hlau nplaum samarium cobalt muab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb. Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej tso rau ntawm Apollo 11 spacecraft siv samarium cobalt hlau nplaum los hloov mus rau qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig ntawm lub hli.

Kev lag luam Nuclear: Tswj Valve rau kev nyab xeeb siv Nuclear Fission

 

Lub isotope samarium-149 (Sm-149) ntawm samarium muaj qhov siab heev thermal neutron ntes hla ntu (42000 bar) thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tswj cov khoom siv rau nuclear reactors.

Neutron absorption: Sm-149 tswj tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear los ntawm kev nqus cov neutrons, tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov saw hlau. Nws lub peev xwm nqus tau deb tshaj li cov khoom siv xws li cadmium, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov khoom siv: Samarium alloy tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov reactor shielding txheej, zoo thaiv gamma rays thiab neutron hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig.

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: Tom qab Tuam Tshoj tau tswj hwm kev xa tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj xws li samariu, US F-35 cov kab ntau lawm tau nres vim tsis muaj cov hlau nplaum samariu cobalt, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm nuclear submarines tau qeeb, nthuav tawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm Western tub rog cov saw hlau. Lub Pentagon lub 500 tuj tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb cia tsuas yog txaus rau cov xwm txheej luv luv, qhia txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm samarium hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob nuclear.

Kev kho mob teb: 'precision riam phom' rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav

 

Lub xov tooj cua isotope samarium-153 (Sm-153) ntawm samarium plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.

Lai Xijue Nan Samarium Txhaj Tshuaj: Siv los kho qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov pob txha osteogenic metastasis, nws cov beta emissions tuaj yeem tsom thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav thaum txo kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb pom tau tias qhov mob nyem ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov pob txha metastasis ntawm mob qog noj ntshav mis, mob ntsws cancer thiab mob qog nqaij hlav prostate ntau dua 80%.
Kev kuaj mob: Sm-153 ua haujlwm raws li tus neeg taug qab los nrhiav cov qog metastases los ntawm kev kuaj pob txha, pab kws kho mob tsim cov phiaj xwm kho mob.
Technical zoo:Ntshiab samariumCov tebchaw tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab tshaj 700℃yam tsis tau poob cov hlau nplaum, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj thaum npaj thiab khaws cia.

Optics thiab Electronic Materials: "Additives" rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo

 

Samarium tebchaw txhawb kev thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv kev kho qhov muag thiab hluav taws xob los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv.

Cov khoom siv laser: samariu doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Sm: YAG) siv lead ua yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv - lub xeev lasers, thiab nws emitted 1.06 μ m laser wavelength yog tsim nyog rau kev kho mob, kev lag luam ua, thiab tub rog qhia lub zog riam phom. Lub doping ntawm samariu tuaj yeem txhim kho laser efficiency ntau dua 30%.
Kho qhov muag iav: Ntxiv samarium oxide (Sm ₂ O3) tuaj yeem ua rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis zoo (saum toj no 1.8) thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm iav, thaum muab cov iav nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb daj fluorescence, uas yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv kho qhov muag siab - cov khoom siv kho qhov muag xws li microscopes thiab telescopes.
Piezoelectric ceramics: Samariu oxide raws li ib qho ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov sintering thiab ntom ntawm ceramics, tsim cov teebmeem piezoelectric, thiab yog siv dav hauv cov teb xws li sensors thiab ultrasonic transducers.

Catalysis thiab Ceramic Kev Lag Luam: Boosters rau Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho

 

Samariu tebchaw nthuav tawm cov catalytic kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ceramic manufacturing.

Petroleum refining: Samariu raws catalysts tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov roj hnyav hnyav, nce roj av tawm los ntawm 10% -15%, thiab txo cov sulfur oxide emissions.
Hydrogen zog cia: Lanthanum npib tsib xee alloy (muaj samarium) tuaj yeem nqus tau cov roj hydrogen ntau los ua cov hlau hydrides, uas xav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nyab xeeb cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm hydrogen zog.
Ceramic capacitors: Doping nrog samarium oxide tuaj yeem ua rau cov dielectric tas li ntawm ceramics, txo cov dielectric poob, thiab tsim nyog rau siab - zaus circuits thiab mem tes fais fab tshuab.

Emerging fields: lub forefront ntawm technology breakthroughs

 

Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, cov peev txheej siv tau ntawm samarium hauv stealth cov ntaub ntawv, superconducting thev naus laus zis, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam maj mam tshwm sim.

Cov khoom siv zais cia: Samariu raws metamaterials tuaj yeem tswj cov radar nthwv dej thiab cov hluav taws xob infrared, ua tiav radar infrared dual band stealth rau cov dav hlau dav hlau / nkoj, tawg los ntawm kev txwv bandwidth ntawm cov khoom siv tsoos nqus.
Superconducting thev naus laus zis: Qee qhov sib txuas ntawm samarium nthuav tawm superconductivity ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muab cov khoom siv hauv lub hauv paus rau maglev tsheb ciav hlau thiab quantum xam.

Hypersonic missile: Samariu oxide, raws li qhov siab - kub resistant ceramic additive, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thermal tiv thaiv txheej ntawm missile los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub davhlau ceev ntawm 5 Mach.

 

Samariu, nrog rau nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, tau dhau los ua "choj" txuas kev lag luam ib txwm muaj nrog kev txiav- thev naus laus zis. Los ntawm siab - kub ruaj khov hlau nplaum mus rau nuclear reactor tswj rods, los ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob cancer rau laser crystals, daim ntawv thov ntawm samarium khiav los ntawm ntau qhov ntev ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Nrog rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab thev naus laus zis kho dua tshiab ntawm cov peev txheej hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Samariu yuav hloov zuj zus mus ntxiv, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw tseem ceeb yuav sib sau ua ke ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog breakthroughs nyob rau hauv cov tshiab teb xws li stealth cov ntaub ntawv thiab superconducting technology, lub peev xwm tus nqi ntawm samarium yuav ntau unleashed tag nrho.

Rau kev npaj ntawmntshiab samarium, hlau samarium tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm kev txo cov samarium oxide nrog barium lossis lanthanum.

Txoj kev txo qis distillation ntawm Samariu oxide: Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev txo qis distillation yog qhov tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb oxides ncaj qha siv los ua cov khoom siv raw, thiab cov txheej txheem txo thiab distillation yog ua tiav ib txhij, yog li ua kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem. Lub purity ntawm cov khoom tau txais hlau yog siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov residue los ntawm kev txo qis distillation kuj yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb oxide, uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab.

Vim tias samarium muaj lub siab vapor siab, thaum lub vapor siab ntawm reductant lanthanum tsawg. La: ntawm 1754 degree, lub vapor siab yog 1.33 Pa; ntawm 2217 degree, lub vapor siab yog 133.32 PaSm; ntawm 722 degree, lub vapor siab yog 1.33 Pa; ntawm 964 degree, lub vapor siab yog 133.32 Pa; Yog li ntawd, txoj kev lanthanum txo distillation ntawm oxides tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov hlau samarium: 2La (l) + Sm2O3 (s) 1600La2O3 (s)+2Sm (g). Cov Samariu uas ua rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm lub reactor los ntawm volatilization, uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Hauv cov txheej txheem txo qis distillation, cua sov samarium oxide hauv huab cua ntawm 800℃rau 15h kom tshem tawm qhov nqus tau ntawm H2O thiab CO2. Tshuab dhos lub molten hlau lanthanum ntawm 1800℃rau hauv cov hlau chips. Sib tov 550g ntawm calcined Sm2O3 thiab 540g ntawm La hlau chips [ntau tshaj 15% (feem ntau)], thiab dhau los ntawm ingot pressing (9.8-49) × 107Pa] muab tso rau hauv Ta crucible nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 6.4cm thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 25.42cm, thiab txuas ib feem ntawm Taffles. lub crucible los tiv thaiv cov oxide ntau dhau los ntawm kev raug tshem tawm. Muab cov cuab yeej tso rau hauv qhov chaw kub kub ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev induction rauv. Thaum lub kaw lus khiav tawm mus rau qhov siab dua 0.1Pa, nws pib kub. Tom qab 2 teev, nws nce mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1600 degree, thiab tseem nyob ntawm qhov kub no rau lwm 2h. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nce qhov kub thiab txias maj mam, vim tias yog tias qhov kub nce siab dhau lawm, La yuav yaj thiab khiav mus rau hauv qab ntawm crucible, cuam tshuam rau kev sib cuag ntawm cov reactants. Cov hlau txo qis yog distilled tawm ntawm thaj tsam tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab condensed ntawm lub condenser. Txog 465g ntawm samariu tuaj yeem tau txais nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 98%. Thaum qhov kub ntawm lub condenser yog 300 ~ 500 degree, cov hlau condensed muaj cov crystalline loj thiab ruaj khov hauv huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub condensation kub qis, cov condensed hlau hais yog zoo thiab flammable nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Lub purity ntawm cov khoom los ntawm ib tug txo distillation tuaj yeem ncav cuag 99.5% lossis ntau dua, tab sis nws tseem muaj ntau pua La, O thiab H nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 10-6. Cov impurities tuaj yeem txo qis ntxiv tom qab re distillation lossis sublimation. Qhov kub sublimation yog 800 degree, thiab condensation kub yog ~ 500 degree. Lub crucible siv los txo cov distillation tuaj yeem siv rau hauv sublimation. Txawm li cas los xij, lub crucible yuav tsum tau khaws cov kua qaub ua ntej thiab degassed hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm 1800 degree.

Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav:ntshiab samariumyog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus lanthanide (uas yog cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb), uas cuam tshuam thiab tsis meej pem chemists nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws keeb kwm pib nrog kev tshawb pom ntawm cerium hauv 1803.

Cerium yuav tsum muaj lwm yam hlau. Carl Mosander tau thov kom tau txais lanthanum thiab Didymium los ntawm nws xyoo 1839, tab sis Didymium yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm praseodymium thiab neodymium. Xyoo 1879, Paul ¦ mais Lecoq de Boisbaudran rov muab cov Didymium los ntawm niobium yttrium ores. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau ua cov tshuaj nitric acid didymium thiab ntxiv ammonium hydroxide. Nws tau pom tias cov sediment tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob theem. Nws tau tsom mus rau thawj qhov tso nyiaj thiab ntsuas nws cov spectrum, thiab xaus lus tias nws yog ib qho tshiab samarium. (Qhov tseeb, europium tau pom hauv samarium hauv xyoo 1901)

Mineral faib: coexists nrog lwm yam tsawg lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv monazite xuab zeb. Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb muaj nyob hauv monazite, nrog rau calcium thiab thorium, tau muab faib rau hauv cov dej xuab zeb ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Brazil thiab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Florida. Qhov loj feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv monazite xuab zeb feem ntau yog 50%, ntawm cov samarium suav rau 2.8%. Tsis tas li ntawd, samarium kuj muaj nyob rau hauv bastnaesite, uas feem ntau yog faib nyob rau yav qab teb California. Ion pauv tshuab yog xav tau los cais samarium los ntawm nws cov zaub mov.

Cim npe nrov: ntshiab samarium cas 7440-19-9, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom