Glycodeoxycholic acid(C26H45NO6 · xH2O, CAS 360-65-6, yog cov organic compound nrog ib tug dawb powdery khoom tsos thiab zoo crystallinity. acetonitrile, ethanol, thiab methanol. Cov yam ntxwv solubility no tso cai rau kev rho tawm, purification, thiab daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub chaw kuaj mob los ntawm kev xaiv cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog. Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb organic compound, nws muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev tshawb fawb biochemical, tshuaj, thiab biotechnology. Nws cov yam ntxwv ua lipase accelerator, ion remover, protein solubilizer, thiab lwm yam ua rau nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv biochemical. kev sim; Hauv kev siv tshuaj, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kom muaj hepatocyte apoptosis, ua ib feem ntawm kab lis kev cai kab lis kev cai, thiab hauv kev tsim tshuaj; Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm biotechnology, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem xws li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tes thiab kev sib cais chromatographic. Nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav tob zuj zus ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm nws daim ntawv thov, nws ntseeg tias nws yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb dua yav tom ntej.
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Tshuaj Formula |
C26H43NO5 |
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Exact Mass |
449 |
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Molecular Luj |
450 |
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m/z |
449 (100.0%), 450 (28.1%), 451 (2.7%), 451 (1.1%), 451 (1.0%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 69.45; H, 9.64; N, 3.12; O, 17.79 |
Core Functions
● Emulsification thiab Absorption Enhancement
Raws li ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov kua tsib acid tsev neeg, GDCA txhim kho cov dej solubility thiab plab hnyuv nqus efficiency ntawm kev noj haus cov rog thiab rog- cov vitamins soluble (xws li cov vitamins A, D, E, thiab K) los ntawm emulsifying lawv mus rau hauv feeb hais los ntawm kev txo qhov nro ntawm lipid - dej interface. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov lipid metabolism, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kua tsib tsis txaus los yog cov rog tsis haum (xws li, tom qab-cholecystectomy, pancreatic insufficiency), qhov twg GDCA supplementation txhim kho cov as-ham.
● Cov neeg koom nrog cov kab mob Bile Acid
GDCA yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv los ntawm dehydroxylation ntawm thawj cov kua tsib acids (piv txwv li, cholic acid). Tom qab reabsorption nyob rau hauv lub ileum, nws rov qab mus rau lub siab uas nws conjugates nrog glycine los yog taurine los tsim conjugated bile acids, ua kom tiav "siab- txoj hnyuv." Cov txheej txheem no tsis tsuas yog txuag lub zog rau cov kua tsib acid synthesis tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam cov roj cholesterol metabolism los ntawm kev tswj cov kua tsib los cuam tshuam rau cov cholesterol solubility.
● Teeb Meem Molecules thiab Metabolic Regulation
Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tias GDCA modulates hepatic lipid synthesis, qabzib metabolism, thiab lub zog sib npaug los ntawm kev ua kom lub farnesoid X receptor (FXR) thiab G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5). Piv txwv li, FXR activation suppresses hepatic cholesterol 7 -hydroxylase (CYP7A1) qhia, txo cov kua tsib acid synthesis; Kev ua kom TGR5 txhawb nqa glucagon-zoo li peptide-1 (GLP-1) tso tawm, txhim kho cov tshuaj insulin.
Glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic tebchaw nrog kev siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb biochemical, tshuaj, biotechnology, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
1. Lipase Accelerator:
Nws tuaj yeem ua tus accelerator rau lipase, txhawb kev tawg thiab metabolism ntawm lipid tshuaj. Hauv kev sim biochemical, tus yam ntxwv no ua rau nws yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev kawm lipid metabolism, lipase muaj nuj nqi, thiab lawv cov txheej txheem tswj hwm. Los ntawm kev ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lipase, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam thiab txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov tshuaj lipid, yog li nthuav tawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev thiab pathological.
2. Ionic tshem tawm:
Nws kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tshem tawm ion, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm qee yam ions hauv cov tshuaj hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb biochemical, vim tias kev hloov pauv hauv ion concentration feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm biomolecules. Los ntawm kev siv nws cov nyhuv tshem tawm ion, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov kev sim, txo ion cuam tshuam, thiab txhim kho qhov raug thiab rov tsim dua ntawm kev sim.
3. Protein yaj:
Lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qee cov proteins yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshem tawm cov protein, purification, thiab kev tshawb fawb txog cov qauv. Proteins yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua neej nyob, nrog ntau hom kev ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev siv nws cov protein solubility, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem yooj yim dua kom tau txais qib siab -cov qauv protein purity thiab ntxiv tshawb xyuas lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm.
4. Inducing hepatocyte apoptosis:
Siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm inducing hepatocyte apoptosis. Hepatocellular apoptosis yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv qab qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob siab. Los ntawm inducing apoptosis ntawm daim siab hlwb, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem simulate cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm daim siab kab mob thiab tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Lub caij no, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau kev tshem tawm DNA, ntxiv qhia nws txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cell apoptosis. Qhov kev tshawb pom no muab cov tswv yim tshiab thiab txoj hauv kev rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kab mob siab.
2. Muaj cov kab mob kab mob nruab nrab:
Hauv kev tshawb fawb microbiology, nws feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho ntawm cov kab mob kab lis kev cai nruab nrab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev cog qoob loo thiab cais cov kab mob hauv plab. Cov kab mob plab hnyuv ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lawv qhov ntau thiab hom feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Los ntawm kev ntxiv nws mus rau kab lis kev cai nruab nrab, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qub, txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, yog li muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo dua thiab siv tau zoo rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm plab microbiota.
3. Kev tsim tshuaj yeeb:
Raws li lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm GDCA hauv kev tsim cov kab mob hepatocyte apoptosis thiab kab mob kab mob, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav nws lub peev xwm los ua lub hom phiaj tshuaj. Los ntawm hauv - kev tshawb fawb tob txog nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg, nws xav tias yuav tsim cov tshuaj tshiab rau kev kho mob ntawm daim siab, kab mob hauv plab, thiab lwm yam kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem yuav muaj lwm yam teebmeem tshuaj, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv - mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas muab cov lus qhia tshiab rau kev txhim kho tshuaj.
3, Biotechnology teb
1. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tes:
Hauv kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tes, nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes thiab rho tawm. Los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem xws li cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab daim nyias nyias, cov kab mob hauv lub cev (xws li DNA, RNA, thiab cov proteins) tuaj yeem tso tawm rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Daim ntawv thov no muab kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv thaj chaw xws li cell biology thiab molecular biology. Los ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm biomolecules hauv cov hlwb, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nthuav qhia ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb.
2. Chromatographic sib cais:
Nws kuj tseem muaj qee qhov kev thov tus nqi hauv chromatographic sib cais tshuab. Kev sib cais ntawm chromatography yog ib qho kev sib cais ceev thiab ceev thiab cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas dav siv hauv cov teb xws li biochemistry thiab tshuaj. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov kab chromatographic uas tsim nyog thiab cov theem ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib cais tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib cais thiab kev huv. Daim ntawv thov no muab txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab txoj hauv kev rau kev ua kom huv thiab tshuaj xyuas biomolecules.
1. Tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj emulsifiers:
Cov tshuaj no thiab nws cov ntsev muaj qhov ua haujlwm saum npoo thiab tuaj yeem siv ua emulsifiers hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov roj- dej interface, tsim cov txheej txheem emulsion zoo, yog li txhim kho qhov kev ntxhib los mos thiab siv tau ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, GDCA thiab nws cov ntsev kuj muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tiv thaiv - cov teebmeem inflammatory, uas tuaj yeem siv los kho qee yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis ua cov tshuaj siv tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv thov no tseem nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb lossis cov ntawv thov ua ntej thiab xav tau kev sim ntxiv thiab kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam.
2. Lwm yam kev siv muaj peev xwm:
Nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav tob zuj zus ntawm cov khoom no thiab nthuav dav ntawm nws daim ntawv thov, nws ntseeg tias nws yuav muaj peev xwm siv tau ntau dua yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus hauv kev lag luam zaub mov; Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus tswj kev cog qoob loo hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv yog xav tau kom paub txog cov ntawv thov muaj peev xwm no.
kev mob tshwm sim
Glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA) yog ib qho endogenous bile acid derivative uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem physiological thiab pathological. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv tshuaj los yog kev tshawb fawb reagent, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev phiv ntau yam hauv nruab nrog cev thiab lub cev xws li daim siab, kab mob plab, thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog. Cov nram qab no muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm nws cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab cov txheej txheem los ntawm ntau qhov ntev:
Lub siab toxicity
GDCA tuaj yeem ua rau apoptosis thiab necrosis ntawm daim siab hlwb hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov kev sim tsiaj tau pom tias siab - koob tshuaj GDCA (xws li kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm 140mg / kg) tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab mob toxicity, tshwm sim raws li daim siab cell necrosis thiab autophagy. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov kua tsib stasis, ua rau kom nce cov kua tsib acid concentration hauv daim siab hlwb, ua rau mitochondrial tsis ua haujlwm thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab. GDCA tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab puas tsuaj rau cov neeg mob obstructive cholestasis. Lub mechanism muaj xws li:
Dysregulation ntawm cov kua tsib acid metabolism: GDCA, raws li ib tug thib ob bile acid, accumulates thaum lub sij hawm bile stasis, ntxiv ua rau lub siab ncaj ncees ntawm daim siab cell membranes.
Oxidative stress: GDCA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cytochrome c oxidase kev ua haujlwm, ua rau mitochondrial tsis ua haujlwm, oxidative kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev tuag ntawm tes.
Inflammatory teb: GDCA tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob siab hepatic stellate thiab Kupffer hlwb, tso tawm pro-inflammatory cytokines, thiab ua rau lub siab mob plab.
Gastrointestinal tshuaj
GDCA, raws li cov kua tsib acid tivthaiv, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov sib npaug ntawm plab microbiota, ua rau mob plab, mob plab, thiab raws plab. Lub mechanism muaj xws li:
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm plab microbiota: GDCA muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee yam kab mob plab, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov sib npaug ntawm plab microbiota.
Txhim kho plab hnyuv peristalsis: Cov kua tsib kua qaub ntau tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij du, ua rau kom nrawm peristalsis thiab ua rau raws plab.
GDCA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev sib tshuam nruj ntawm cov plab hnyuv epithelial, ua kom cov hnyuv permeability, ua rau endotoxin translocation, thiab ntxiv ua rau cov kab mob inflammatory.
Immune system teb
Cov neeg mob tej zaum yuav ua xua rau GDCA, tshwm sim ua pob liab liab, khaus khaus, ua pa nyuaj, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev paub txog qhov txawv txav ntawm GDCA los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua rau IgE mediated allergic reactions.Long term high - siv koob tshuaj GDCA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob. Cov txheej txheem yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov ncaj qha toxicity ntawm GDCA ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis nws cuam tshuam nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov teeb meem metabolic thiab electrolyte
Glycodeoxycholic acidNws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lipid metabolism thiab ua rau dyslipidemia. Lub mechanism muaj xws li:
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov kua tsib acid synthesis thiab secretion: GDCA, raws li cov kua tsib acid tivthaiv, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov roj cholesterol metabolism thiab cuam tshuam lipoprotein synthesis.
Kev hloov hauv plab hnyuv lipid absorption: GDCA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau emulsification thiab nqus cov rog hauv cov hnyuv, ua rau muaj rog raws plab. Kev mob plab tshwm sim los ntawm GDCA tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj electrolyte, xws li sodium, potassium, chloride, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem ua rau electrolyte tsis zoo xws li hypokalemia thiab hyponatremia.
Lwm yam kev mob tshwm sim
Lub sij hawm ntev siab - siv koob tshuaj GDCA tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab lom rau lub raum, ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev sib sau ntawm GDCA hauv ob lub raum lossis nws cov tshuaj lom neeg ncaj qha rau lub raum tubular cells.Tsiaj thwmsim tau pom tias GDCA tuaj yeem muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau lub cev xeeb tub, xws li cuam tshuam cov phev motility lossis embryonic txoj kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim siab no tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb tib neeg ntxiv los txheeb xyuas.
Dose dependence thiab tus kheej sib txawv ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm GDCA feem ntau yog koob tshuaj - nyob ntawm. Thaum siv cov koob tshuaj tsawg, cov kev mob tshwm sim yuav mob me lossis tsis tseem ceeb; Thaum siv cov koob tshuaj ntau, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob tshwm sim nce ntxiv. Piv txwv li, kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm 140mg / kg GDCA hauv kev sim tsiaj tuaj yeem ua rau mob siab rau lub siab, thaum cov koob tshuaj qis dua tuaj yeem ua rau mob me me xwb.Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sib txawv rau GDCA. Genetic yam xws li polymorphisms nyob rau hauv cov kua tsib acid metabolism ntsig txog cov noob, lub siab ua haujlwm raws li txoj cai, thiab plab microbiota muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev phiv ntawm GDCA.
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