Dopamine hmoov(link khoom:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/dopamine-powder-cas-51-61-6.html), tseem hu ua 3-Hydroxytyramine (cov khoom txuas:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/3-hydroxytyramine-cas-51-61-6.html ), yog ib qho tseem ceeb neurotransmitter dav Nws muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab plays ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev lub zog tswj thiab tswj kev xav. Nws xa cov teeb liab ntawm cov neurons thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm hauv lub hlwb thiab hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, Ntshiab dopamine (cov khoom txuas: https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/pure-dopamine-cas-51-61-6.html) kuj tseem koom nrog ntau lwm cov txheej txheem physiological. xws li kev tswj cov hlab plawv, lub plab zom mov cov lus teb, kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov retinal muaj nuj nqi, thiab lwm yam. Kev nkag siab txog nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab tob txog nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauv vivo thiab kev txhim kho cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib txuas ntawm 3-hydroxytyramine muaj keeb kwm ntev, thiab ntau yam kev sib xyaw ntawm 3-hydroxytyramine yuav raug tshuaj xyuas hauv qab no.
1. Hoffmann ammonia synthesis method:
Cov txheej txheem synthesis ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm 3-hydroxytyramine yog Hoffmann ammonia synthesis method. Txoj kev tshwj xeeb yog ua kom sov resorcinol thiab potassium hydroxide txog li 150 degree los tsim cov aldehydes thiab ketones, thiab tom qab ntawd distilled nrog ammonia dej kom tau txais 3-hydroxytyramine. Txawm hais tias txoj kev npaj tau yooj yim, cov txiaj ntsig tau qis thiab qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau ua, yog li nws maj mam hloov los ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev zoo dua.
Txoj kev Hoffmann ammonia synthesis feem ntau muab faib ua cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
(1) Resorcinol thiab potassium hydroxide yog reacted los tsim aldehydes thiab ketones:
Ua ntej, resorcinol thiab poov tshuaj hydroxide yog rhuab mus txog 150 degree nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov los ua ib tug ketal cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib npaug yog raws li hauv qab no:
Cov aldehydes thiab ketones tsim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua tus cwj pwm los ntawm infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance thiab lwm yam.
(2) Distillation thiab catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siv ammonia dej:
Muab cov generated aldehydes, ketones thiab ammonia dej rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kettle rau distillation thiab catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ammonia dej plays lub luag hauj lwm catalytic thiab kuj yog ib qhov chaw ntawm ammonia gas. Kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib npaug yog raws li hauv qab no:
Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ammonia ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev txo kom txo nws mus rau 3-hydroxyacetone anhydride los ntawm kev sib ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog aldehydes thiab ketones. 3-Hydroxypyruvic anhydride reacts nrog ammonia los tsim 3-Hydroxytyramine los ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li Strecker cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(3) Purification:
Tom qab sib tov tau, nws tuaj yeem ua kom huv los ntawm kev rho tawm, crystallization thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, thiab thaum kawg ntshiab 3-hydroxytyramine tuaj yeem tau.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism ntawm Hoffmann ammonia synthesis txoj kev yog muab faib ua ob kauj ruam:
Thawj kauj ruam: aldehyde thiab ketone tiam:
Resorcinol thawj zaug tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ketal nrog potassium hydroxide los tsim cov aldehyde thiab ketone. Kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib npaug yog raws li hauv qab no:
Qhov kub siab xav tau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog li 150 degree, uas yog ib kauj ruam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ketal tuaj yeem ua tus cwj pwm los ntawm infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance thiab lwm yam.
Qhov thib ob theem: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalyzed los ntawm ammonia dej:
Tom qab sib tov cov generated aldehydes thiab ketones nrog ammonia dej, distillation thiab catalytic tshua yog nqa tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, ammonia dej tsis tsuas yog muab ammonia roj, tab sis kuj ua raws li ib tug catalyst los txhawb ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oxygen atoms thiab ammonia gas. Ammonia roj yog siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas kom txo qis aldehydes thiab ketones rau 3-hydroxyacetolactic acid anhydride ( -Acetolactic acid). 3-Hydroxypyruvate thiab ammonia rov ua dua ib lub tswv yim zoo ib yam li Strecker cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim 3-hydroxytyramine. Kev sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib npaug yog raws li hauv qab no:
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tej yam kev mob xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob decomposition ntawm cov khoom los yog tshwm sim ntawm lwm yam kev phiv tshwm sim.
Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, Hoffmann ammonia synthesis txoj kev yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxov tshaj plaws rau kev npaj ntawm 3-hydroxytyramine. Txawm hais tias nws txoj haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim, nws cov txiaj ntsig qis thiab xav tau qhov kub thiab txias siab, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev tsim khoom. Tam sim no, ntau txoj kev sib xyaw ua kom zoo dua qub thiab zoo ib puag ncig tau tsim, tab sis Hoffmann ammonia synthesis txoj kev tseem muaj qee yam kev tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig thiab keeb kwm tseem ceeb.
2. Wolff-Kishner txo txoj kev:
Txoj kev txo Wolff-Kishner yog ib txoj kev txo qis ntawm ketones, uas tau siv rau kev npaj ntawm 3-hydroxytyramine. Feem ntau, 4-hydroxyacetophenone yog thawj zaug npaj nrog resorcinol, tom qab ntawd txo qis rau cov cawv sib xws nrog hydrogen ammonia dej los yog sodium isopropoxide, thiab lub cev qhuav dej hauv qab alkaline los tsim 3-hydroxytyramine. Txoj kev no siv cov mob me me, tab sis yuav tsum tau siv lub hauv paus muaj zog, thiab yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau kev ua haujlwm.
Taw qhia rau Wolff-Kishner txo txoj kev:
3-Hydroxytyramine yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg uas muaj nyob hauv lub paj hlwb thiab koom nrog ntau yam txheej txheem physiological, xws li kev txav mus los, kev kawm thiab kev coj cwj pwm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj 3-Hydroxytyramine. Kev txo qis ntawm Wolff-Kishner yog ib txoj hauv kev los txo cov aldehydes los yog ketones rau cov khoom sib txuam alkyl lossis aryl. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog: thawj zaug sib tov ketone los yog aldehyde nrog ntau tshaj ammonia dej thiab sodium hydroxide los tsim cov oxime compound. Tom qab ntawd cov tau txais oxime compound yog tov nrog sodium hydroxide thiab ethylene glycol, thiab rhuab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los ua deoxygenation los tsim cov sib txuam alkyl lossis aryl compound.
2. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb ntawm Wolff-Kishner txo txoj kev
Kauj ruam 1: Synthesis ntawm lub hom phiaj compound 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine
(1) Npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw: Sib tov 0.45 g ntawm 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetone, 1.32 g ntawm sodium hydroxide, thiab 10 mL ntawm aqueous ammonia, thiab do rau 30 feeb.
(2) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cua sov: ua kom sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov rau 80 degree thiab hnov mob rau 4-6 teev kom txog thaum cov xim ploj tag. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau nplawm thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(3) Lim cov khoom: Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txias rau hauv chav tsev kub, ntxuav 3 zaug nrog ethanol, thiab ces rho tawm 3 zaug nrog ethanol / ether tov. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm tau raug ntxuav ob zaug nrog cov tshuaj sodium chloride, thiab tom qab ntawd qhuav nrog cov tshuaj sodium chloride anhydrous.
(4) Kev ziab cov khoom: cov khoom tau txais cov tshuaj sodium chloride tau muab rho tawm nrog ethanol, cov khoom tau rov ua dua thiab lim, thiab tom qab ntawd ziab hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom tau cov khoom lag luam 3,4-dihydroxyphenylamine.
Kauj Ruam Ob: Wolff-Kishner Txo
(1) Npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov: Dissolve 0.2 g ntawm 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylamine hauv 10 mL ntawm alumina-dried isopropanol thiab do kom txog thaum yaj tag. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv dej ammonia (8 mL) thiab sodium hydroxide (2 g), ces ntxiv ethylene glycol (2 mL) thiab do zoo.
(2) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cua sov: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw tau ua kom sov rau 150 degree thiab hnov mob rau 6 teev kom txog thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau kev tswj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub sij hawm los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov tuaj yeem ua kom txias nrog dej khov dej da dej.
(3) Kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov tau lim, thiab cov lim tau qhuav siv cov tshuaj sodium chloride anhydrous. Tom qab ntawd kho cov pH kom nws nyob ze rau nruab nrab, thiab thaum kawg tau txais cov khoom tsis muaj dej los ntawm kev rho tawm.
(4) Kev ziab cov khoom: ziab cov khoom hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom tau txais cov ntshiab 3-Hydroxytyramine.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Wolff-Kishner txo txoj kev:
qhov zoo:
(1) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim, thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam.
(2) Cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho yooj yim kom tau thiab tus nqi kuj tsawg.
(3) Kev xaiv zoo, txo cov nyhuv zoo ntawm cov tebchaw xws li aldehydes thiab ketones.
(4) Tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog los ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj yooj yim.
tsis txaus:
(1) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau siv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb.
(2) Tsis siv rau cov tebchaw uas muaj pawg ua haujlwm uas tsis yog carbonyl.
(3) Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov hnyav, thiab ntau yam xws li lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab pH yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, Wolff-Kishner txoj kev txo qis yog ib txoj kev txo qis uas feem ntau siv nrog ntau yam kev siv. Hauv kev npaj ntawm 3-hydroxytyramine, txoj kev no tuaj yeem txo nws cov precursor compound rau lub hom phiaj cov khoom, thiab yog ib txoj kev siv hluavtaws heev.