2-Chloro-4-pyridinecarboxylic acidyog ib qho organic compound nrog CAS 6313-54-8 thiab tshuaj formula C6H4ClNO2. Feem ntau cov hmoov dawb los yog lub teeb daj nrog cov ntxhiab tsw me ntsis. Me ntsis soluble hauv dej, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol, insoluble hauv ether. Ruaj khov nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis tej zaum yuav decompose nyob rau hauv siab kub los yog raug rau lub teeb. Cov qauv muaj ib chav tsev dawb carboxyl thiab chlorine atom. Vim tias qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob ntawm lub nplhaib pyridine, cov khoom no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleophilic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov nucleophilic reagents muaj zog, uas ua rau cov khoom siv dechlorinated functionalized series. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nruab nrab ntawm cov organic synthesis. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam kev cuam tshuam cov organic, xws li esterification, amidation, alkylation, thiab lwm yam, yog li tsim ntau yam organic molecules. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov kho nws cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem ua ke, muab kev nplua nuj synthesis thiab cov tswv yim rau cov organic synthesis.
(Cov khoom txuas: https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/organic-intermediates/2-chloro-4-pyridinecarboxylic-acid-cas-6313.html )
Txoj Kev 1:
Siv 2-chloroisonicotinic acid ua cov khoom pib, cov tshuaj nruab nrab 2-gas-phase isonicotinic acid methyl ester nrog purity ntawm ntau dua 98.5% yog synthesized los ntawm esterification nrog methanol nyob rau hauv catalysis ntawm hydroxide, nrog ib tug yield. ntawm 77.7%.
Neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
C6H4ClNO2 + NaOH → C6H4ClNO2Na + H2O
(2-Chloroisonicotinic acid reacts nrog sodium hydroxide los tsim 2-chloroisonicotinic acid sodium thiab dej)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Esterification:
C6H4ClNO2Na + CH3OH → C7H6ClNO2 + NOV3
(2-Chloroisonicotinic acid sodium reacts nrog methanol los tsim 2-gas-phase isonicotinic acid methyl ester thiab methanol sodium)
Synthesis cov kauj ruam:
(1) Sib tov 2-chloroisonicotinic acid nrog hydroxide
Sib tov 2-chloroisonicotinic acid (C6H4ClNO2) nrog rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm hydroxide (xws li sodium hydroxide NaOH), ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog (xws li dej), thiab cua sov kom haum rau qhov kub thiab txias, xws li {{4 }} degree. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog ua kom muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm 2-chloroisonicotinic acid thiab hydroxide, tsim kom muaj cov ntsev ntsev sib xws.
(2) Maj mam ntxiv methanol
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nplawm, maj mam ntxiv methanol (CH3OH) dropwise rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Methanol tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification nrog 2-chloroisonicotinic acid ntsev los tsim 2-gas-phase isonicotinic acid methyl ester (C7H6ClNO2) thiab coj mus rau alkoxides. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj cov tee acceleration thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau los yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab.
(3) Tom qab qee lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nres cua sov thiab txias rau chav tsev kub
Tom qab ntxiv methanol dropwise, txuas ntxiv tuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, feem ntau ntawm ob peb teev mus rau ntau tshaj kaum teev. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav lawm, nres cua sov thiab cia cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txias rau hauv chav tsev kub.
(4) Lim thiab tshem tawm cov catalyst
Tom qab txias, lim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tshem tawm cov catalyst thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Cov lim dej lim dej yog cov khoom siv roj av uas muaj 2-gas-phase isoniazid methyl ester.
(5) Ua kom cov khoom tsis zoo
Kho cov khoom nyoos los ntawm kev distillation, recrystallization, thiab lwm yam refining ua haujlwm kom tau txais 2-gas-phase isoniazid methyl ester nrog purity ntau dua 98.5%. Thaum lub sij hawm refining txheej txheem, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau tswj kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob kom tsis txhob decomposition los yog poob ntawm cov khoom.
Txoj Kev 2: Synthesis ntawm 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid los ntawm 2-chloro-4-iodopyridine thiab carbon dioxide
1. Cov kauj ruam ntxaws
Kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv raw: Ua ntej, yuav tsum tau npaj 2-chloro-4-iodopyridine thiab carbon dioxide. 2-Chloro-4-iodopyridine tuaj yeem tsim los yog yuav los ntawm lwm txoj kev, thaum carbon dioxide tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov pa roj compressed lossis tshuaj reagents.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke: Sib tov 2-chloro-4-iodopyridine thiab carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem. Qhov kev faib ua feem tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev sim.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim: Muab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv lub reactor, ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm catalyst thiab hnyav, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom sov rau qhov tsim nyog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj cov xwm txheej xws li kub, siab, thiab nplawm nrawm kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Lub Sijhawm Tawm Tsam: Lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li kev sim xav tau, feem ntau siv ob peb teev mus rau ntau kaum teev. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab kuaj tsis tu ncua los txiav txim seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv puas tiav.
Kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv: Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog sib cais thiab ua kom huv. Feem ntau, txoj kev xws li crystallization, recrystallization, thiab extraction yuav siv tau rau kev sib cais thiab purification. Cov khoom sib cais yog 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid.
2. Kev sib npaug tshuaj
Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm 2-chloro-4-iodopyridine thiab carbon dioxide:
CH3CHCl2CH2I + CO2 + H2O → CH3CHCl2CH2COOH + HCl + HCO
Qhov kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm 2-chloro-4-iodopyridine thiab carbon dioxide reacting nrog catalyst thiab hnyav los tsim 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid thiab dej los ntawm cua sov.
Kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv rau 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid:
CH3CHCl2CH2COOH + HCl + HCO → CH3CHCl2CH2COOH · HCl · HCOOH
Qhov kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab purifying nws los ntawm txoj kev xws li crystallization, recrystallization, thiab extraction.
Txoj Kev 3: Synthesis ntawm 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid los ntawm carbon dioxide thiab 2-chloro-3-iodopyridine
Kev sib npaug tshuaj
Kev sib npaug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau carbon dioxide thiab 2-chloro-3-iodopyridine:
CO2 + CHCl2CH2Ib → CHCl2CH2COOH + HCl
Qhov kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cua kub carbon dioxide thiab 2-chloro-3-iodopyridine nyob rau hauv muaj cov catalyst thiab hnyav los tsim 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid thiab dej.
Kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv rau 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid:
CHCl2CH2COOH + HCl → CHCl2CH2COOH · HCl
Qhov kev sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab purifying nws los ntawm txoj kev xws li crystallization, recrystallization, thiab extraction.
Cov kauj ruam ntxaws:
1. Raw khoom npaj: Ua ntej, npaj cov ntaub ntawv raw uas yuav tsum tau muaj, xws li 2-chloro-3-iodopyridine thiab carbon dioxide. Ua kom ntseeg tau qhov purity thiab zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Kev npaj ntawm lub reactor: Xaiv lub reactor tsim nyog thiab xyuas kom meej tias nws huv si thiab qhuav. Qhov loj ntawm lub reactor yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xyaw tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke thiab ua haujlwm.
2. Kev sib xyaw thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv raw:
(1) Ntxiv 2-chloro-3-iodopyridine rau lub reactor.
Txha cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntawm qhov kub thiab siab. Tus nqi thiab lub sij hawm ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide qhia yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo raws li kev sim ua kom paub meej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov catalysts los yog txhawb kom ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev xaiv thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov catalysts yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev sim.
(2) Kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov qauv tsis tu ncua raug coj los tshuaj xyuas los txiav txim siab qhov kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tiam ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tsom xam chromatographic, kev tsom xam spectrometry, lossis lwm txoj hauv kev analytical.
3. Kev sib cais thiab purification ntawm cov khoom:
(1) Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav, cais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam xws li distillation, extraction, lossis crystallization kom tshem tawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo, catalysts, thiab lwm yam impurities.
(2) Cov khoom nyoos uas tau txais yog ua kom huv ntxiv, xws li recrystallization, chromatographic purification, thiab lwm yam, kom tau txais high-purity 2-chloro-4-iodonitinic acid.
(3) Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev tsom xam ntawm cov khoom: Ntau yam kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas xws li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), huab hwm coj spectrometry (MS), thiab lwm yam. zoo thiab xav tau cov qauv tshuaj.
4. Kev pov tseg pov tseg thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig: Tom qab kev sim, pov tseg cov kua khib nyiab thiab cov khoom pov tseg kom zoo, ua raws li lub chaw soj nstuam pov tseg cov cai, kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg rau ib puag ncig.