N. N-dimethylformamide, cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, tsis yog tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg nkaus xwb tab sis kuj yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo heev.
Nws yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab khaws cia. Toxicity tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav: 1. Kev mob toxicity: LD50: 400mg / kg (qhov ncauj rau nas); 5000mg / kg (liab percutaneous). LC50: 9400mg / m3, 2h (tsim los ntawm nas). Thaum tib neeg nqus tau 30 60ppm, lawv muaj cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv, lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, jaundice, nce urobilinogen thiab proteinuria; Thaum tib neeg nqus tau 10-20ppm (qee zaum 30ppm), lawv muaj mob taub hau, tsis qab los noj mov, xeev siab, lub siab ua haujlwm thiab ECG. 2. Kev khaus khaus: luav qhov muag: 100 feem pua , khaus khaus heev (ntxuav nrog dej) 3. Subacute thiab mob toxicity: nas inhaled 2500mg / m 3,6h / D, 5 hnub, 80 feem pua tau tuag, daim siab thiab lub ntsws lesions; Tib neeg inhalation 5.1 49mg / m3 Hauv 3 xyoos, neurasthenia syndrome, ntshav siab qis thiab kev hloov hauv daim siab ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim.
Kev siv metabolic: tom qab tau nqus los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) feem ntau metabolized hauv daim siab thiab tawm sai sai. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev yog lub siab, thiab tseem muaj qee qhov kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum. Demethylation feem ntau yog ua los ntawm microsomal sib xyaw ua haujlwm oxidase hauv daim siab, thiab ib qho methyl raug tshem tawm. Cov metabolites yog dimethylformamide thiab formamide, uas yog metabolized sai heev; Formamide nyob twj ywm hauv cov ntshav kom ntev me ntsis thiab tom qab ntawd metabolized rau hauv formic acid thiab ammonia. Ib feem ntawm dimethylformamide yog tawm los ntawm cov zis thiab exhalation raws li tus qauv.
Muaj ntau yam kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog pom tseeb dua: khaus qhov muag, tawv nqaij thiab ua pa. Chav yuav ua rau mob me thiab nruab nrab ntawm qhov muag thiab ua pa sab saud. Polluting ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav ua rau lub teeb thiab hnyav kub hnyiab, wrinkled ntawm daim tawv nqaij, dawb complexion nrog kub kub. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem o thiab hlawv hnyav. Qhov muag muaj kuab paug ua rau kub hnyiab, kua muag thiab conjunctival congestion; Cov mob hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau pob txha necrosis. Cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv: cov neeg mob feem ntau tsis qab los noj mov, xeev siab, ntuav, tsis xis nyob hauv plab thiab cem quav, thiab qee zaus muaj mob hauv nruab nrab thiab sab sauv. Lub siab: daim siab puas feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev mob lom. Tus neeg mob tau pom tias qaug zog, o thiab mob nyob rau hauv txoj cai lub plab mog, tsis xis nyob, jaundice, maj mam loj ntawm daim siab thiab rhiab. Kev ntsuam xyuas daim siab ua haujlwm niaj hnub qhia pom qhov txawv txav uas qhov nce ntawm cov ntshav aminotransferase tseem ceeb dua. Qhov mob feem ntau tsis mob hnyav, uas tuaj yeem txo qis tom qab kev kho mob, thiab tus mob tuaj yeem rov zoo tag nrho hauv ob peb lub lis piam. Mob hnyav heev: nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov kab mob siab heev. Kev ua hauj lwm lom lom yog tsawg. Cov neeg uas raug kev kub ntxhov siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj kuab paug ntawm daim tawv nqaij hnyav thiab tsis tau ntxuav kom huv si hauv lub sijhawm, yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom heev. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tshuaj rau kev ua haujlwm.
Txij li thawj zaug kev sib txuas ntawm dimethylformamide los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm formic acid thiab dimethylamine nyob rau hauv 1899, synthesizing dimethylformamide los ntawm cov khoom raw sib txawv tau tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim lwm cov txheej txheem hluavtaws hauv chav kuaj. Cov txheej txheem hluavtaws ntawm N, N-dimethylformamide yog raws li hauv qab no: 1. Methyl formate dimethylamine method: methyl formate yog esterified los ntawm formic acid thiab methanol los ua methyl formate thiab ces reacted nrog dimethylamine los ua dimethylformamide nyob rau hauv cov roj theem. Tom qab ntawd methanol thiab unreacted methyl formate rov qab los ntawm distillation, thiab cov khoom tiav yog npaj los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation. 2. Dimethylamine carbon monoxide txoj kev: nws tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha ntawm dimethylamine thiab carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sodium methoxide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 1.5-2.5mpa thiab 110-150 degree. Cov khoom nyoos yog distilled kom tau cov khoom tiav. 3. Dimethylamine thiab carbon dioxide yog synthesized nyob rau hauv siab nyob rau hauv lub catalysis ntawm sodium methoxide los yog npaj los ntawm cov roj theem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawmN. N-dimethylformamidethiab methyl formate los yog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm dimethylamine thiab Trichloroacetaldehyde.