Abstract
Luteolin, ib txwm tshwm sim flavonoid ntau nyob rau hauv ntau yam nroj tsuag xws li celery, ntsuab peppers, perilla nplooj, thiab tshuaj ntsuab zoo li skullcap thiab artichoke, tau garnered tseem ceeb scientific saib nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no vim nws muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no lom thiab muaj peev xwm kho tau. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas dav dav no delves rau hauv cov qauv tshuaj, qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntuj tsim, cov khoom siv tshuaj, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm luteolin, qhia txog nws lub peev xwm ua tus neeg sawv cev kho mob tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob.
Taw qhia
Flavonoids, subclass ntawm polyphenolic tebchaw, muaj npe nrov rau lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant, tiv thaiv kev mob, thiab chemopreventive zog. Ntawm lawv, luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) sawv tawm raws li lub zog bioactive molecule nrog ib tug dav spectrum ntawm lom lom. Nws cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb, uas muaj plaub pawg hydroxyl ntawm cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob txha flavonoid, pab txhawb rau nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj zog lom neeg. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog tsim los muab kev nkag siab tob txog kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb tam sim no nyob ib puag ncig luteolin, hais txog nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob.
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Chemical Structure thiab Natural tshwm sim
Luteolin belongs rau flavone subclass ntawm flavonoids, featuring ib tug yooj yim C6-C3-C6 skeleton nrog ob lub nplhaib aromatic (A thiab B) txuas los ntawm ib tug heterocyclic pyran nplhaib (C). Nws cov mis molecular yog C15H10O6, thiab nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm feem ntau raws li ib tug glycoside conjugate, txhim khu nws solubility thiab bioavailability nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog ib rab koob zoo li cov khoom sib cais los ntawm ethanol thiab muaj ib cov dej siv lead ua. Nws yog soluble hauv ethanol thiab ether; me ntsis soluble hauv dej kub, thiab nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej txias. Cov tshuaj aqueous yog lub teeb daj, thiab nws yog soluble hauv 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous tov thiab yog xim daj tsaus. Nws ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj.
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Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj xws li honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, nepeta, thiab dawb-haired selfhen. Nws kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv zaub xws li thyme, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, beet, broccoli, thiab carrots. Nws kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv celery, ntsuab kua txob, perilla nplooj, thiab arachis hypogaea txiv hmab txiv ntoo plhaub, ajuga decumbus, lonicera japonica thunb, gentianopsis paludosa, valeriana amurensis smir, thiab ntau lwm yam nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm glycosides.
Pharmacological Properties
Luteolin muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no, thiab cov nroj tsuag nplua nuj hauv luteolin feem ntau yog siv los ua tshuaj suav tshuaj los kho cov kab mob. Nrog rau qhov kev tshawb fawb tob ntawm luteolin, nws tau pom tias nws muaj kev tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav xws li inhibiting qog cell proliferation, inducing qog cell apoptosis thiab sensitizing cov haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws kuj muaj anti-inflammatory, antioxidant thiab cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Kev tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
Luteolin yog PDE4 inhibitor, phosphodiesterase inhibitor 2 thiab interleukin 6 inhibitor 3. Nws cuam tshuam xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia hauv nas. 4 Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kho mob tau pom tias luteolin tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj pharmacological, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej tau pom tias luteolin tuaj yeem inhibit angiogenesis thiab induce apoptosis, cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov qauv tsiaj, txo qhov loj hlob ntawm cov qog, thiab ua kom cov cytotoxicity ntawm qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav rau cov qog hlwb, qhia tias luteolin tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm. cov tshuaj chemopreventive thiab chemotherapeutic agents.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm luteolin cov kev ua lom lom neeg tuaj yeem tswj hwm qib ntawm ROS, inhibit topoisomerase I thiab topoisomerase II, txo cov kev ua ntawm NF-κB thiab AP-1 cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv, stabilize p53 thiab tshuaj phau ntawv los inhibit phosphoinositide {{3} } Kinase, teeb liab transducer thiab activator ntawm transcription 3 (STAT3), insulin-zoo li kev loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws 1 receptor (IGF1R) thiab tib neeg epidermal loj hlob factor receptor II kev ua ub no.
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Luteolin nthuav tawm cov haujlwm muaj zog antioxidant los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, suav nrog cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) thiab hom reactive nitrogen (RNS), thiab chelating hlau ions. Cov cuab yeej no yog ntaus nqi rau nws pawg hydroxyl, uas tuaj yeem pub cov hydrogen atoms kom ruaj khov dawb radicals, yog li tiv thaiv cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev puas tsuaj oxidative.
Luteolin modulates inflammatory teb los ntawm inhibiting zus tau tej cov pro-inflammatory cytokines (xws li, TNF-, IL-1 , IL-6), chemokines, thiab adhesion molecules. Nws ua tiav qhov no los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm NF-κB thiab MAPK signaling cascades, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj kev mob.
Luteolin tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav tawm tsam ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav, suav nrog cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub mis, prostate, mob ntsws, thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Nws cov txheej txheem koom nrog inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing angiogenesis, thiab modulating cancer qia cell zog. Luteolin kuj sensitizes qog nqaij hlav cancer rau chemotherapy thiab hluav taws xob kho, txhim kho lawv cov kev kho mob.
Los ntawm kev txo oxidative kev nyuaj siab, inhibiting neuroinflammation, thiab modulating neurotransmitter systems, luteolin nthuav tawm cov teebmeem neuroprotective tiv thaiv cov kab mob neurodegenerative xws li Alzheimer's kab mob, Parkinson's disease, thiab mob stroke. Nws kuj txhawb kev muaj sia nyob neuronal thiab txhim kho kev txawj ntse.
Luteolin txhim kho cov hlab plawv kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev txo cov ntshav siab, inhibiting platelet aggregation, thiab txhim kho endothelial muaj nuj nqi. Nws kuj tseem nthuav tawm cov khoom tiv thaiv atherosclerotic los ntawm inhibiting kev tsim ntawm cov hlwb ua npuas ncauj thiab txo cov lipid tsub zuj zuj hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Mechanisms ntawm Action
Luteolin ntau yam tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig tau kho los ntawm ntau lub hom phiaj molecular thiab kev taw qhia. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
Modulation ntawm Gene Expression
Luteolin tswj cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob koom nrog hauv o, apoptosis, tswj lub voj voog ntawm tes, thiab tshuaj metabolism.
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Kev sib cuam tshuam nrog Kev Tshaj Tawm Txoj Kev
Nws inhibits kev ua haujlwm ntawm NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K / Akt, thiab JAK / STAT txoj hauv kev, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev mob, kev loj hlob, thiab kev ciaj sia.
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Antioxidant Kev Ua Haujlwm
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, luteolin tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab chelates hlau ions, tiv thaiv cov hlwb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj oxidative.
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Modulation ntawm Enzyme Activity
Nws inhibits kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes koom nrog kev mob (xws li COX-2, LOX) thiab kev mob qog noj ntshav (xws li aromatase, topoisomerase II).
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Clinical Implications thiab Future Perspectives
Txawm hais tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pom zoo, cov kev kho mob txhais lus ntawm luteolin tseem txwv vim muaj kev cov nyom xws li bioavailability tsawg, pharmacokinetic variability, thiab complexity ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov kev sim tshuaj tau tab tom ua tiav lossis tau ua tiav, tshawb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm luteolin lossis luteolin-nplua nuj rho tawm hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob plawv, thiab neurodegeneration.
Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau:
- Txhim kho cov bioavailability thiab stability ntawm luteolin los ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab xa cov tshuab.
- Elucidating lub meej molecular mechanisms hauv qab nws cov teebmeem kev kho mob hauv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb.
- Ua qhov tsim tau zoo, kev sim tshuaj loj loj los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm luteolin hauv tib neeg.
- Tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm ntawm luteolin hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke los txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kho mob.
Xaus
Luteolin, ib txwm tshwm sim flavonoid, muaj qhov zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg thiab tuav cov lus cog tseg zoo ua tus neeg sawv cev kho mob rau ntau yam kab mob. Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, neuroprotective, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlab plawv yog kho los ntawm ntau lub hom phiaj molecular thiab kev taw qhia txoj hauv kev. Thaum xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los daws cov teeb meem cuam tshuam txog bioavailability thiab kev kho mob txhais lus, cov pov thawj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm luteolin ua ntau yam bioactive molecule uas muaj peev xwm kho tau zoo. Nrog rau kev siv zog txuas ntxiv, luteolin tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv rau armamentarium ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob.