Bauxitetiag tiag yog hais txog cov ore uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam thiab muaj cov gibbsite thiab gibbsite ua cov zaub mov tseem ceeb. Bauxite yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov hlau txhuas, thiab tseem yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws qhov kev siv nyiaj ntau dua 90 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm bauxite hauv ntiaj teb.
Daim ntawv thov teb ntawm bauxite muaj xws li hlau thiab nonmetal. Nws yog cov khoom siv raw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov hlau txhuas thiab tseem yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws qhov kev siv nyiaj ntau dua 90 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm bauxite hauv ntiaj teb. Bauxite tso nyiaj rau ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau, tab sis nws tau siv dav. Mohs hardness yog 2.5-3.5.
Bauxite ore muaj ntau yam kev siv:
(1) Aluminium smelting kev lag luam. Nws yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, aviation, tsheb, khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, khoom siv niaj hnub, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Precision casting. Cov bauxite clinker tau ua tiav rau hauv cov hmoov zoo thiab ua rau hauv cov pwm pwm thiab tom qab ntawd precision cam khwb cia. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tub rog, aerospace, kev sib txuas lus, instrumentation, machinery thiab kho mob departments.
(3) Rau cov khoom siv refractory. Lub refractoriness ntawm siab alumina clinker yog siab li 1780 degree, muaj zog tshuaj stability thiab zoo lub cev.
(4) Aluminium silicate refractory fiber ntau. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb yuag, kub tsis kam, zoo thermal stability, tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity, me me tshav kub muaj peev xwm thiab txhua yam kev co kuj. Nws yog siv rau hauv steel, nonferrous metallurgy, electronics, roj av, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, aerospace, atomic zog, lub teb chaws tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam lag luam. Nws yog muab lub high-alumina clinker rau hauv high-temperature hluav taws xob arc rauv nrog ib tug melting kub ntawm txog 2000 ~ 2200 degree, thiab ces yaj nws kub kub, txhaj thiab txias nws nrog high-pressure high-speed cua los yog chav. los ua ib tug dawb "paj rwb" - aluminium silicate refractory fiber. Nws tuaj yeem raug nias rau hauv daim pam fiber ntau, phaj lossis daim ntaub woven los hloov cov cib refractory rau hauv ob sab phlu ntawm high-temperature furnaces hauv smelting, tshuaj, iav thiab lwm yam lag luam. Cov neeg tua hluav taws tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub fiber ntau uas tiv taus hluav taws los ua khaub ncaws.
(5) Siv magnesia thiab bauxite clinker ua raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, cov nyhuv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau ladle yog qhov zoo heev.
(6) Ntau lub tebchaw uas tuaj yeem tsim cov txhuas hauv kev tsim cov bauxite cement, cov ntaub ntawv abrasive, ceramic kev lag luam thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam.
Ntawm lawv, cov kev siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: refining hlau aluminium hauv kev lag luam txhuas, ua cov ntaub ntawv refractory thiab abrasive, thiab ua raw cov ntaub ntawv rau high-alumina cement. Cov kev xav tau zoo ntawm ores sib txawv nrog kev siv sib txawv.
Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam rau bauxite ore (YS / T78-94) muab los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation hauv xyoo 1994. Raws li tus qauv no, bauxite tau muab faib ua peb hom: sedimentary diaspore, accumulative diaspore thiab laterite gibbsite, thiab muab faib. nyob rau hauv cuaj hom raws li tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, xws li LK12-70, LK8-65, LK5-60, LK3-53, LK15-60, LK11-55 , LK8-50, LK7-50, LK3-40. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev cai ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm bauxite, tus qauv tseem xav kom cov dej cov ntsiab lus ntawm sedimentary diaspore yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 7 feem pua, thiab cov diaspore thiab cov gibbsite sib sau ua ke yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 8 feem pua. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj me ntawm bauxite ore yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 150mm. Bauxite ore yuav tsum tsis txhob tov nrog av, limestone thiab lwm yam sundries.
Kev siv cov bauxite uas tsis yog xim hlau feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau refractories, abrasives, chemicals thiab high-alumina cement. Bauxite tso nyiaj rau ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv tsis yog hlau, tab sis nws tau siv dav. Piv txwv li:
1.chemical khoom xws li sulfate, trihydrate thiab txhuas chloride yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv papermaking, dej purification, ceramics thiab roj av refining;
2.Activated alumina tuaj yeem siv los ua catalyst, catalyst cab kuj thiab lub cev adsorbent rau decolorization, lub cev qhuav dej, degassing, deacidification thiab ziab hauv tshuaj, roj refining thiab tshuaj industries;
3.The aluminium chloride ua nrog r-Al2O3 tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov organic synthesis ntawm dyes, roj hmab, tshuaj, roj av, thiab lwm yam;
4.3%. Abrasive khoom yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm qib siab sib tsoo log thiab polishing hmoov; Refractory yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tseem ceeb hauv tsev rau cov chaw ua haujlwm.
Raws li 1996 cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Mineral Commodity Summaries ntawm United States Bureau of Mines, lub ntiaj teb bauxite reserves yog 23 billion tons, nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm 28 billion tons. Ntawm lawv, cov teb chaws uas muaj peev xwm nplua nuj nyob hauv bauxite yog Australia (nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm 7.9 billion tons), Guinea (nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm 5.9 billion tons), Brazil (nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm 2.9 billion tons), Jamaica (nrog rau ib lub hauv paus. reserve puag ntawm 2 billion tons), Is Nrias teb (nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm 1.2 billion tons), thiab Hungary (nrog rau lub hauv paus cia ntawm 0.9 billion tons). Qhov ntau thiab qhov zoo ntawm bauxite nyob rau hauv Suav teb yog qis dua rau cov teb chaws saum toj no. Piv txwv li, piv nrog cov reserves puag ntawm cov teb chaws no, cov reserves ntawm qib A ntxiv rau B ntxiv rau C (industrial reserves) yog nyob deb ntawm lawv.
Ntawm tag nrho, Tuam Tshoj cov peev txheej bauxite kuj nplua nuj. Lub hauv paus reserves ntawm bauxite yog xya thiab yim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2006, cov peev txheej khaws cia yog 2.776 billion tons, suav nrog 542 lab tons ntawm reserves, 742 lab tons ntawm cov peev txheej, thiab 2.035 billion tons ntawm cov peev txheej. Nws yog feem ntau faib hauv Shanxi, Henan, Guangxi, thiab Guizhou xeev thiab cheeb tsam, suav txog 90.9 feem pua ntawm cov peev txheej hauv tebchaws, suav nrog 41.6 feem pua hauv Shanxi, 17.1 feem pua hauv Guizhou, 16.7 feem pua hauv Henan, thiab 15.5 feem pua hauv Guangxi. Tsis tas li ntawd, 15 lub xeev thiab lub nroog xws li Chongqing, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Sichuan thiab Hainan kuj tseem muaj qee qhov peev txheej, tab sis lawv cov ntim sib xyaw tsuas yog 9.1 feem pua ntawm Tuam Tshoj tag nrho.
Xyoo 1995, Tuam Tshoj tag nrho cov communist bauxite ore yog 6.4 lab tons. Ntxiv rau lub xeev cov tuam txhab mining hauv cov txheej txheem uas tsis yog-ferrous, Tuam Tshoj lub nroog sib sau ua lag luam mining thiab cov chaw mining ib tus neeg kuj tau mined ntau ntawm bauxite, tab sis nws cov zis tsis ruaj khov. Kev tsim cov alumina thiab txhuas hlau hauv Suav teb tau loj hlob sai. Hauv xyoo 1996, nws tau mus txog 2.5462 lab tons thiab 1.907 lab tons raws li, nce ze li ntawm 2.5 npaug thiab 4 npaug piv nrog rau xyoo 1985. Cov khoom lag luam txhuas tau nce sai dua, los ntawm 310000 tons hauv 1985 txog 16201 tons hauv xyoo 1996, nce ntau ntxiv. tshaj 35 npaug (Table 3.9.10).
Bauxite feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv alumina kev lag luam thiab high-alumina clinker kev lag luam, thiab kev noj ntawm ob yog yuav luag sib npaug rau xyoo 2003. Raws li qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm bauxite tso zis siv rau alumina nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lub xeev thiab cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 2003, cov peev txheej reserves uas muaj peev xwm. siv rau alumina kev lag luam hauv bauxite resource reserves yuav kwv yees.
Tsis tas li ntawd, xav tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws bearing muaj peev xwm ntawm alumina yuav tsum tau raws li qhov tseeb, uas yog, qhov kev thov rau bauxite hauv kev lag luam xws li high-alumina clinker yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Yog li, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm alumina hauv txhua lub xeev raws li qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv bauxite siv rau kev tsim cov alumina. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntau ntawm cov nplai ntawm electrolytic aluminium hauv Suav teb, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm alumina mov tsis txaus tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, cov khoom lag luam tau nce siab, tus nqi tau nce siab, thiab cov khoom lag luam tau nce siab. Tsav los ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm kev lag luam, qee lub xeev nrog cov peev txheej bauxite xws li Henan thiab Shanxi tau teeb tsa lub nthwv dej ntawm kev tsim kho hauv zos ntawm alumina cov lag luam. Raws li kev txheeb cais, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong thiab lwm qhov chaw muaj cov nroj tsuag alumina loj. Muaj 29 txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab tau npaj tseg, nrog rau tag nrho cov phiaj xwm ntsuas ntawm ntau dua 20 lab tons / xyoo, thiab tag nrho cov nplai ntawm cov khoom siv alumina uas twb muaj lawm ntau dua 30 lab tons / xyoo.