GLP-1(link:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/peptide/glp-1-peptide-cas-87805-34-3.html) muaj ob txoj hlua sib txuas polypeptide: cov saw peptide nrog 21 amino acid residues ntawm N-terminus (GLP-1[7-27]), thiab peptide saw nrog 30 amino acid residues ntawm C- terminus (GLP-1 [28-58]), muaj ib tug condensation choj ntawm cov chains. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm GLP-1 yog C165H264N50O55S2, cov molar mass yog li 3.8 kDa, thiab CAS 87805-34-3. Lub xeev them nqi ntawm GLP-1 hloov nrog pH. Thaum pH qis dua qhov isoelectric point ntawm GLP-1, GLP-1 raug them zoo; thaum pH ntau dua qhov taw tes isoelectric, GLP-1 raug nqi tsis zoo. Raws li lub cev muaj zog, GLP-1 feem ntau raug them tsis zoo. Nws muaj zog redox rhiab heev thiab protease rhiab heev. Raws li lub cev muaj zog, GLP-1 feem ntau yog hydrolyzed sai sai los ntawm proteases xws li trypsin, yog li poob nws cov khoom lom. Tsis tas li ntawd, thermal zog, pH, hlau ions thiab lwm yam tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm GLP-1. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm GLP-1, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau siv ntau txoj hauv kev los txhim kho nws, xws li kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg thiab hloov cov qauv molecular.
Isoelectric point:
GLP-1 yog polypeptide hormone nrog ib qho isoelectric point (pI) ntawm kwv yees li 5.1. Lub isoelectric point yog tus nqi pH uas muaj cov lej sib npaug ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo them ions hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Thaum ib yam khoom nyob rau ntawm nws qhov isoelectric point, nws tsis muaj nuj nqi, yog li nws yuav tsis raug rau electrophoretic rog nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob teb, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsis txav mus rau ob tug ncej.
Txij li thaum lub isoelectric point ntawm GLP -1 qis dua tus nqi pH ntawm lub cev ib puag ncig, nws yuav raug nqi zoo hauv vivo. Cov khoom zoo li no tso cai rau GLP-1 sai dhau los ntawm cov cell membrane los ntawm qee qhov kev thauj mus los, xws li GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), thiab khi rau GLP-1R nyob rau hauv lub cell, yog li exerts nws ntau yam physiological functions. Lub isoelectric point ntawm GLP-1 yog hais txog 5.9, uas yog, thaum nws nyob ntawm pH=5.9, tus nqi ntawm GLP-1 peptide molecule nrog tus nqi them yog xoom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej pH sib txawv, lub xeev tus nqi ntawm GLP-1 kuj tseem yuav hloov, yog li cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm lom neeg hauv lub cev.
Ntxiv rau qhov taw tes isoelectric, GLP-1 kuj tseem muaj lwm yam khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, xws li qhov hnyav molecular, amino acid sib lawv liag, spatial configuration, hydrophilicity, solubility, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj thiab cov yam ntxwv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm GLP-1 hauv vivo, thiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv GLP-1.
nqi:
GLP-1 yog ib qho tshuaj hormone polypeptide. Nws cov qauv molecular muaj ob lub ntuj amino acid residues, cysteine thiab leucine. Cov residues tuaj yeem raug oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov ntawv cog lus disulfide (SS bonds) nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Yog li cuam tshuam cov nqi ntawm GLP-1.
Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig physiological, GLP-1 feem ntau nthuav tawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov no yog vim nws qhov taw tes isoelectric yog li 5.1, uas yog qis dua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev nrog pH tus nqi ntawm 7.4, ua rau cov pab pawg amine ntawm nws lub N-terminal yog ib feem protonated. ua kom tag nrho cov molecule zoo them. Hauv qhov no, GLP-1 tuaj yeem nkag mus sai thiab sib xyaw nrog GLP-1R hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes los ntawm qee qhov thauj khoom, xws li GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), thiab ua si ntau yam physiological functions. Lub xeev tus nqi ntawm GLP-1 hloov nrog pH. Thaum pH qis dua qhov isoelectric point ntawm GLP-1, GLP{12}} raug them zoo; thaum pH ntau dua qhov taw tes isoelectric, GLP-1 raug nqi tsis zoo. Raws li lub cev muaj zog, GLP-1 feem ntau raug them tsis zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej, SS daim ntawv cog lus ntawm GLP-1 tuaj yeem raug txo, ua rau nws poob nws cov nqi zoo thiab xav tias lub xeev them nqi lossis cov khoom tsis zoo. Hauv chav kuaj, qhov kev txo qis no tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis xws li DTT (dithiothreonic acid), yog li hloov pauv tus nqi ntawm GLP-1.
Hauv kev xaus, lub xeev tus nqi ntawm GLP-1 raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog nws cov ntsiab lus isoelectric, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov molecule, thiab cov xwm txheej sab nraud. Cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom no tseem ceeb heev rau txoj haujlwm thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm GLP-1 hauv vivo, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv GLP-1.
stability:
GLP-1 muaj zog redox rhiab heev thiab protease rhiab heev. Raws li lub cev muaj zog, GLP-1 feem ntau yog hydrolyzed sai sai los ntawm proteases xws li trypsin, yog li poob nws cov khoom lom. Tsis tas li ntawd, thermal zog, pH, hlau ions thiab lwm yam tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm GLP-1. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm GLP-1, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau siv ntau txoj hauv kev los txhim kho nws, xws li kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg thiab hloov cov qauv molecular.
Drift lub sij hawm:
GLP-1 (glucagon-zoo li peptide-1) yog polypeptide cov tshuaj hormones uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom thiab ntsuas los ntawm huab hwm coj spectrometry. Hauv cov kua chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) thev naus laus zis, lub sij hawm drift ntawm GLP-1 yog hais txog lub sij hawm nws siv rau ions mus drift vim kev sib tsoo hauv hluav taws xob teb thiab thaum kawg mus txog lub ntes. Drift lub sij hawm yog hais txog lub sij hawm rau molecules nyob rau hauv kev daws kom dhau los ntawm chromatographic kem, uas muaj peev xwm xav txog qhov loj, zoo li cas thiab lub xeev ntawm molecules. Rau peptide molecules xws li GLP-1, lub sij hawm drift feem ntau yog luv thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv feeb.
Drift lub sij hawm yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv huab hwm coj spectrometry technology, uas yuav siv tau los txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tebchaw sib txawv thiab txawv isomers, thiab lwm yam. Rau GLP -1, lub sij hawm drift siv tau los txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm nws thiab lwm yam peptides lossis impurities, thiab siv ntxiv rau kev tsom xam kom muaj nuj nqis.
Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv LC-MS huab hwm coj spectrometry, lub sij hawm drift yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, xws li hom huab hwm coj spectrometer, ionization hom, hom roj sib tsoo, voltage, kub, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv drift lub sij hawm raws li ib tug Lub hauv paus rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab ua kom muaj nuj nqis, cov kev sim yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub thiab tsim qauv kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua qub.
Lub sij hawm drift ntawm GLP-1 yog hais txog lub sij hawm uas yuav tsum tau rau nws cov ions kom ncav cuag lub detector vim lub drift nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob teb, uas yuav siv tau raws li ib tug analytical parameter nyob rau hauv LC-MS technology los txheeb xyuas thiab quantify peptides thiab lawv lub cev isomers thiab lwm yam.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, GLP-1 yog ib qho me me peptide molecule uas yog hydrophilic thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig physiological, tab sis kuj tseem raug rau redox rhiab heev thiab protease rhiab heev. Kev nkag siab txog lub cev lub cev ntawm GLP-1 yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab GLP-1 thiab kev kawm txog lawv cov dej num lom neeg.