Lub npe tshuaj ntawmPaeonol(txuas:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/paeonol-powder-cas-552-41-0.html) yog 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone, cov mis molecular yog C9H10O3, thiab qhov hnyav molecular yog 166.17 g / mol. Nws yog ib qho organic compound nrog cov qauv ntawm benzene nplhaib thiab ketone pawg. Dawb crystalline hmoov, yooj yim soluble hauv methanol, ethanol, soluble hauv ether, acetone, chloroform, thiab carbon disulfide, me ntsis soluble hauv dej, soluble hauv dej kub, insoluble hauv dej txias, muab los ntawm Xu Changqing thiab Moutan bark. Ib qho active ingredient cais los ntawm paeonol. Nws cov teebmeem pharmacological suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev sib sau, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv ischemia-reperfusion raug mob thiab tiv thaiv lipid peroxidation. Siv raws li ib tug tshuaj antirheumatic, nws muaj anti-inflammatory thiab analgesic teebmeem. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nws tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua, thiab nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tau dhau los ua qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb loj. Peb tseem yuav piav qhia txog cov khoom no hauv cov ntawv sau tag nrho.
1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation:
- Paeonol yog ib qho chaw uas muaj phenolic hydroxyl pawg, yog li nws nquag oxidation. Nyob rau hauv oxidative tej yam kev mob, Paeonol yuav oxidized los ntawm oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kom coj oxidation khoom xws li phenolic novolac, phenolic ketone los yog phenolic ether.
1.1. Huab cua oxidation:
Paeonol tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation hauv huab cua los tsim cov khoom siv oxidation xws li phenolic aldehyde, phenolic ketone lossis phenolic ether. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation no feem ntau yog nqa tawm ntawm chav tsev kub.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3 + O2→ Oxidation khoom
1.2. Kub kub oxidation:
Paeonol tuaj yeem raug oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Kev kub siab oxidation tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cua sov Paeonol cov qauv mus rau qhov kub siab dua (feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 200-300 degrees Celsius).
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3 + O2→ Oxidation khoom
1.3. Hydrogen peroxide oxidation:
Paeonol tuaj yeem oxidize nrog hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) los tsim cov khoom sib xws oxidation.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3 + H2O2→ Oxidation khoom + H2O
1.4. Hlau-catalyzed oxidation:
Paeonol tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hlau catalysts, xws li kev hloov hlau ions (xws li hlau ions, tooj liab ions, thiab lwm yam). Catalysts tuaj yeem muab cov chaw ua haujlwm oxidation thiab txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3 + O2→ Oxidation khoom
2. Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Raws li ib tug polyphenolic compound, Paeonol kuj muaj qee yam reactivity nyob rau hauv txo tej yam kev mob. Kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, thiab nws tuaj yeem txo qis rau cov khoom sib txuas phenolic. Qee qhov siv cov tshuaj txo qis, xws li sodium borohydride (NaBH4), lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4), thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem txo cov ketone pawg ntawm Paeonol rau hydroxyl pawg.
2.1. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) txo:
Paeonol tuaj yeem txo nws pawg ketone mus rau pawg hydroxyl los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) rau kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog nqa tawm ntawm chav tsev kub lossis hauv qab cua sov.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3+ NAB4→ Cov khoom txo qis + NaBO2 + H2
2.2. Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) txo:
Paeonol tuaj yeem raug txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) txo nws cov ketone pawg mus rau ib pawg hydroxyl. Qhov no feem ntau yog siv los txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw inert thiab nyob rau hauv qis kub.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3+LiAlH4→ Txo cov khoom lag luam + LiAlO2 + H2
2.3. Catalytic txo:
Paeonol tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm qhov muaj cov catalyst. Feem ntau siv catalysts muaj xws li platinum, palladium, rhodium thiab lwm yam noble hlau catalysts.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3 + H2+ Catalyst → Txo cov khoom
3. Hydroxyl hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- Cov pab pawg hydroxyl (OH) hauv Paeonol tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov khoom siv hydroxyl hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog methyl formate, cov khoom siv methoxy hloov pauv tuaj yeem tau txais. Nws yog ib tug natural organic compound uas muaj phenolic pawg, yog li nws muaj peev xwm undergo hydroxyl hloov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydroxyl hloov pauv yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas hloov cov qauv molecular thiab cov khoom los ntawm kev qhia cov pab pawg tshiab.
3.1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Esterification:
Cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm Paeonol tuaj yeem raug esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov kua qaub anhydride los yog kua qaub los tsim cov khoom lag luam esterification. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv ib tug acid catalyst.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3+ RCOH → Ester + H2O
3.2. Etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm Paeonol tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cawv kom dhau etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov khoom lag luam etherification. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog ua raws li acidic lossis cov xwm txheej yooj yim.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3ROH → Ether + H2O
3.3. Amino hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm Paeonol tuaj yeem raug hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv amino nrog cov amine tebchaw los tsim cov khoom siv hloov pauv amino. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog ua raws li cov xwm txheej yooj yim.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3 + R-NH2→ Amine Hloov Khoom + H2O
3.4. Alkylation tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm Paeonol tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog alkyl halide lossis alkylating tus neeg sawv cev kom tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkylation los tsim cov khoom siv hloov pauv cov khoom sib xws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm raws li cov xwm txheej yooj yim.
Tshuaj formula:
C9H10O3+ RX → Alkyl Hloov Khoom + HX
4. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Esterification:
- Cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm Paeonol tuaj yeem raug esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog acid anhydride los tsim cov khoom ester. Feem ntau siv acid anhydrides muaj xws li acetic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, thiab lwm yam.
Tshuaj formula:
Feem ntau hais lus, hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification, pawg hydroxyl hauv Paeonol reacts nrog acid anhydride los yog acid (R-COOH) los tsim cov khoom esterification (R-CO-O-Paeonol) thiab dej (H2O). Kev sib npaug tshuaj lom neeg yog raws li nram no:
C9H10O3+ R-COOH → R-CO-OC9H10O3 + H2O
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, R sawv cev rau ib tug hloov los yog ib tug aliphatic alkyl saw.
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification:
Esterification yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib pawg hydroxyl thiab cov kua qaub anhydride los yog acid txhawb los ntawm cov kua qaub catalyst. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov pa atom ntawm cov hydroxyl pab pawg neeg tau txais ib tug electrophilic nres, hloov ib tug carbonyl oxygen atom nyob rau hauv lub anhydride los yog acid molecule los tsim ib tug tshiab ester daim ntawv cog lus. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov mob me me, xav tau cov kua qaub nruab nrab.
Esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism:
Lub tshuab ntawm esterification feem ntau muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
(1.) Acid catalysis: Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib qho acid catalyst feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Acid catalysts tuaj yeem muab rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm protons (H +) thiab ua rau cov pab pawg hydroxyl hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus neeg sawv cev electrophilic.
(2.) Electrophilic nres: Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kua qaub catalyst ua rau cov pa oxygen atom ntawm pawg hydroxyl muaj zog electrophilicity thiab electrophilic nres tshwm sim. Cov pa oxygen atom ntawm pawg hydroxyl tawm tsam cov carbonyl carbon atom nyob rau hauv anhydride los yog acid molecule thiab tsim ib lub xeev hloov.
(3.) Tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ester: Hauv lub xeev hloov pauv, cov pa oxygen atom hauv pawg carbonyl ua ke nrog cov electrophilic tawm tsam oxygen atom los tsim cov CO ester tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho proton poob los ua qhov sib thooj nruab nrab.
(4.) Catalyst regeneration: Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov kua qaub catalyst tuaj yeem tsim dua los tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.