L-Epicatechinyog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm ntuj polyphenol, uas yog siv dav hauv cov khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, khoom noj qab haus huv thiab tshuaj. Raws li cov flavonoid, epicatechin muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, xws li tiv thaiv oxidation, txo cov ntshav qab zib, tiv thaiv kab mob plawv, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv paj hlwb, thiab inhibiting kab mob.
Anti-oxidize nyhuv:
Thaum lub concentration ntawm dawb radicals nyob rau hauv lub cev yog siab dhau lawm, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob yuav nce. Kev ua haujlwm antioxidant ntawm epicatechin yog suav tias yog lub peev xwm los ntes cov saw-nqa dawb radicals los ntawm kev muab phenolic hydrogen atoms hauv A nplhaib thiab B nplhaib, vim muaj cov phenolic hydroxyl pawg hauv cov qauv molecular ntawm epicatechin, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov phthalate. Ortho hydroxyl pawg hauv phenol lossis pyrogallol yooj yim oxidized rau hauv cov qauv aldehyde, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los ntes cov dawb radicals xws li cov pa oxygen nquag, yog li nws muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals thiab lipid dawb radicals.
Txo cov ntshav qab zib thiab txo qis cov tshuaj insulin:
Cov neeg rog rog feem ntau ua rau muaj cov kab mob ntev xws li ntshav qab zib. BETTAIEB et al. pom tias ntxiv epicatechin ntawm ib koob ntawm 20 mg / kg lub cev qhov hnyav rau kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg laus nas noj cov zaub mov uas muaj fructose tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm insulin signaling cascade (IR, IRK-1, Akt, ERK1/2. ), thiab tib lub sijhawm txo qis kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tswj tsis zoo (PKC, IKK, JNK, thiab PTP1B) hauv nas adipose cov ntaub so ntswg thiab qhia tias epicatechin txo qis cov tshuaj insulin los ntawm nws txoj kev tswj hwm redox.
Tiv thaiv kab mob plawv:
Piv nrog rau pawg tswj hwm ntawm cov nas noj cov zaub mov muaj roj cholesterol, thaj chaw atherosclerotic lesion ntawm cov nas hauv pawg epicatechin-ntxiv tau raug txo los ntawm 27 feem pua, thiab tib lub sijhawm inhibited tsim cov ntshav SAA thiab tib neeg-CRP induced los ntawm kev noj zaub mov, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov ntshav lipids tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv atherogenic ntawm epicatechin yog tshwj xeeb rau hom kev raug mob hnyav thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam me me rau kev raug mob me me, qhia tias epicatechin nyiam txo cov mob plawv mob hnyav.
Tam sim no, kev tsim cov L-Epicatechin feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis thiab biosynthesis. Kab lus no yuav nthuav dav ob qho tib si thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Ntu I: Tshuaj Synthesis
Chemical synthesis yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus yooj yim rau hauv cov hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj synthesis ntawm L-Epicatechin, cov ntaub ntawv raw siv feem ntau yog tshuaj xws li styrene, formaldehyde, taum pauv los yog liab cawu cub. Peb feem ntau siv tshuaj synthesis txoj kev ntawm L-Epicatechin yuav qhia kom meej hauv qab no.
Txoj Kev 1: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Krafur:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Clafoor yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab los ntawm aldehydes thiab cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, styrene thiab formaldehyde tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv 2-phenyl-3, 4-dihydroxypentanone, thiab L-Epicatechin tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab cov kua qaub catalysis thiab lub cev qhuav dej.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tias cov khoom siv raw tau yooj yim tau, cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yog yooj yim, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los yog siab li 54 feem pua. Tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws xav tau lub zog acid catalyst, thiab ntau cov roj khib nyiab thiab cov kua khib nyiab yuav raug tsim tawm hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Txoj Kev 2: imine Reaction:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv imine yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm imines los ntawm reacting amines thiab aldehydes, thiab tom qab ntawd reacting imines thiab aromatic hydrocarbons nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob rau synthesize aromatic rings. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, styrene thiab formaldehyde tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv imines, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau cov tshuaj karlene kom tau L-Epicatechin.
Cov txheej txheem muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yooj yim, cov khoom lag luam siab purity thiab siab tawm los ntawm ntau tshaj 80 feem pua. Tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj purity karlene, thiab muaj ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom.
Txoj Kev 3: Metadianhydride cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Metadianhydride yog ib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais cov tshuaj tsw qab los ntawm acid-catalyzed nplhaib synthesis. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, sab saw cov qauv hauv styrene thiab paclitaxel tuaj yeem ua rau tib lub sijhawm los ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm hydroxybenzyl nruab nrab los ntawm lub nplhaib acid-catalyzed, thiab thaum kawg L-Epicatechin tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog tias qhov tau txais nruab nrab muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab, yooj yim los daws, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los yog kwv yees li 40 feem pua. Tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog siab dua thiab cov qib tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua.
Tshooj II: Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis yog ib txoj kev ntawm kev sib txuas lus yooj yim rau hauv cov hom phiaj los ntawm kev siv roj ntsha. Lub biosynthesis ntawm L-Epicatechin feem ntau yog los ntawm txoj kev fermentation nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom noj additives. Ob txoj kev siv biosynthesis feem ntau tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Txoj Kev 1: Microbial fermentation method:
Microbial fermentation yog ib txoj hauv kev siv cov kab mob (xws li cov poov xab) los ferment thiab npaj cov hom phiaj. Txoj kev tuaj yeem siv cov isoflavone enzyme hauv cov taum pauv los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cyclization ntawm isoflavone derivatives kom tau L-Epicatechin. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj mob thiab tsis tas yuav muaj cov tshuaj reagents thiab catalysts. Cov txheej txheem muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo, siab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm los, siab khoom purity thiab lwm yam. Tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siv sijhawm ntev thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau sai.
Txoj Kev 2: Txoj Kev Enzyme:
Enzyme method yog ib txoj hauv kev siv cov enzymes los ua kom cov synthesis ntawm cov hom phiaj. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv polyphenol oxidase los ua kom cov catechin thiab nws cov derivatives hauv ib kauj ruam kom tau txais L-Epicatechin. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, thiab siab purity ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nplai raug txwv los ntawm ntau yam xws li kev xaiv enzyme thiab qhov chaw ntawm enzyme.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, tshuaj synthesis thiab biosynthesis txhua tus muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom loj, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab, tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias qee txoj kev yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj lom thiab tsis zoo, uas muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov txheej txheem biosynthesis muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ntsuab ntau lawm thiab siab purity ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov nplai ntau lawm yog txwv los ntawm cov khoom xws li enzyme qhov chaw thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam. Yog li ntawd, rau kev tsim khoom sib txawv, cov txheej txheem sib txawv tuaj yeem xaiv tau.