- Aminobutyric acid alias 4-aminobutyric acid(- Aminobutyric acid)GABA) yog ib qho amino acid. GABA yog dawb siv lead ua hmoov tsis muaj kev sib hloov kho qhov muag. Melting point 195-204 degree (decomposition), miscible nrog dej, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol thiab acetone, insoluble nyob rau hauv benzene thiab ether, dej yuav ploj thaum decomposition los tsim pyrrolidone.
GABA feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zwitterions (tsis zoo them carboxyl pab pawg neeg thiab zoo them amino pawg) hauv kev daws. Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam electrostatic ntawm cov pab pawg zoo thiab tsis zoo, GABA tuaj yeem muaj ob qho tib si gaseous (folded) thiab cov khoom (Ntxiv) molecular conformations nyob rau hauv kev daws, thaum lub coexistence ntawm ntau molecular conformations nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj enables GABA los khi ntau yam receptor proteins thiab ua si. ntau yam tseem ceeb physiological functions.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm GABA hauv cov ntaub so ntswg yog tsawg heev, feem ntau yog 0.3 ~ 32.5 μ Mol / g. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm GABA hauv cov nroj tsuag muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Thaum raug hypoxia, kub poob siab, txias poob siab, mechanical puas, ntsev kev nyuaj siab thiab lwm yam kev ntxhov siab, nws yuav ua rau kom ceev ceev ntawm GABA. Tom qab qee qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus cog qoob loo, lossis los ntawm cov kab mob microbial fermentation, cov ntsiab lus ntawm GABA hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus cog qoob loo yog nce. Ua cov khoom siv raw no rau hauv GABA cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb hotspot. Raws li qhov ua tau zoo tshiab, GABA tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam zaub mov. Cov zaub mov tsim los ntawm cov nplej xim av, taum pauv thiab taum dav uas nplua nuj nyob hauv GABA tau muab tso rau hauv khw.
Txawm hais tias European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) tso cai rau GABA ntxiv rau cov zaub mov thiab teev tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev noj haus ntawm GABA yog 550mg / D, nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam nruj. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tau taw qhia tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv GABA rau cov zaub mov raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim tshuaj toxicological. Lub peev txheej ntawm kev siv suav nrog dej haus, kas fes, tshuaj yej thiab zom cov pos hniav, tab sis nws tsis raug tso cai ntxiv GABA rau cov khoom noj rau menyuam yaus, cov khoom noj nqaij lossis cov khoom noj uas muaj cov nqaij. Tuam Tshoj Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau tshaj tawm rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12, 2009 tias kev noj GABA yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 500mg / D. qhov kev siv yog dej haus, cocoa khoom, chocolate thiab nws cov dej haus, khoom qab zib, ci zaub mov thiab puffed zaub mov, tab sis nws yuav tsis tau. ntxiv rau me nyuam noj.
GABA tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab kab mob. Nws yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv qos tubers nyob rau hauv 1949 thiab pom nyob rau hauv mammalian central system nyob rau hauv 1950. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog xam tau tias yog ib tug paj hlwb inhibitor nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb ntawm cov tsiaj, kab los yog ib co kab mob parasitic worms, uas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb. lub excitability ntawm neurons. Nws tau pom tias GABA yog ib qho active amino acid uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub zog metabolism ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb. Nws muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, xws li ua kom cov piam thaj metabolism hauv lub hlwb, txhawb acetylcholine synthesis, txo cov ntshav ammonia, anticonvulsant, txo cov ntshav siab, txhim kho lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm, kev puas siab puas ntsws, txhawb kev loj hlob hormone secretion thiab lwm yam.
Hauv cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob, GABA metabolism yog ua tiav los ntawm GABA ceg. Siv cov kev ua GAD siab hauv cov kab mob, Glu yog decarboxylated los ua GABA. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm GABA-T thiab SSADH, GABA nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem decomposition downstream los tsim succinic semialdehyde thiab succinic acid, uas koom nrog hauv lub cev metabolism ntawm cov kab mob. Microbial enrichment ntawm GABA yog ua tiav los ntawm optimizing cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab kev txhim kho cov strain kom nws muaj siab GAD kev ua, ua kom cov synthesis ntawm GABA thiab txo tus nqi decomposition. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias GAD muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic microorganisms. Tsis tas li ntawd, decarboxylation ntawm GAD nyob rau hauv cov kab mob kom tsim GABA tsis txwv los ntawm cov peev txheej, ib puag ncig thiab qhov chaw, uas muaj qhov zoo dua piv nrog lwm txoj hauv kev.
Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm GABA - microbial fermentation txoj kev: xaiv cov kab mob uas muaj ntau yam zoo, ruaj khov, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj mob, thiab siv cov hom no los npaj thiab tsim GABA hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Txawm hais tias txoj kev no muaj cov kev cai nruj ntawm ib puag ncig thiab cov cuab yeej siv, GABA tsim los ntawm txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus ntuj. Microbial fermentation ntau lawm yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxov tshaj plaws thiab dav hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Cov kab mob ntxov tshaj plaws siv yog Escherichia coli. GABA tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv nws cov decarboxylase. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha rau hauv kev tsim tshuaj lossis khoom noj vim qee qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, zaub mov ntsuab tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau dua. Tom qab ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov kab mob lactic acid, cov poov xab, Aspergillus thiab lwm yam kab mob tuaj yeem siv los hloov Escherichia coli thiab catalyze cov khoom ntawm GABA. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm tus nqi qis, nws kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov zis siab thiab kev nyab xeeb zoo. Txoj kev no tau maj mam tsim mus rau industrialized ntau lawm.