Iridium (III) Chlorideyog ib qho tseem ceeb inorganic compound uas yog tsim los ntawm iridium thiab chlorine. Nws cov mis molecular yog IrCl3, CAS 10025-83-9, thiab molecular hnyav yog 271.34. Nws yog ib qho tsaus ntsuab hmoov khoom nrog ib tug metallic luster. Nws muaj lub siab melting thiab boiling point, nrog ib tug melting point ntawm 269 degree thiab ib tug boiling point ntawm sublimation. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, Iridium (III) Chloride yog nquag nqus dej thiab deliquescence. Nws muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau kev ruaj ntseg, solubility, thiab hlau nplaum. Nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab thiab tsis hnov mob nrog oxygen thiab dej vapor hauv huab cua ntawm chav tsev kub. Thaum kub kub, nws muaj thermal stability zoo thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj paramagnetism thiab unpaired electron tooj ntawm 1, yog li nws muaj zog hlau nplaum. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb, lub sij hawm sib nqus yuav deflect, exhibiting magnetization phenomenon. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev npaj lwm cov iridium tebchaw, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm organometallic compounds, catalyst cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev npaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub kub, muab cov tswv yim tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov khoom siv superconducting.
(Cov khoom txuas: https://www.bloomtechz.com/chemical-reagent/laboratory-reagent/iridium-iii-chloride-cas-10025-83-9.html)
Iridium (III) Chloride yog ib qho inorganic compound uas nws cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj xws li kev ruaj ntseg, solubility, magnetism, thiab catalytic.
1. Kev ruaj ntseg
Iridium (III) Chlorine muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cov pa oxygen thiab dej vapor hauv huab cua ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws tsis hnov mob nrog cov pa roj thiab tswj nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg qub. Qhov kev ruaj ntseg no tso cai rau Iridium Chloride kom nyab xeeb siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Iridium Chloride kuj pom zoo thermal stability nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tej yam tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tau siv cov kub kub, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug catalyst los yog reactant yam tsis tau decomposed.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov zoo. Nws tsis hnov mob nrog feem ntau cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus, tswj nws cov khoom qub tshuaj. Qhov kev ruaj ntseg no tso cai rau Iridium Chloride hnov mob nrog lwm yam tshuaj tsis raug puas tsuaj.
2. Solubility
Iridium (III) Chloride muaj cov dej zoo solubility thiab cov organic solvent solubility. Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim yaj hauv dej thiab muaj cov solubility hauv dej. Lub caij no, nws tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ethanol thiab ether. Thaum lub sij hawm dissolution txheej txheem, Iridium (III) Chloride yuav cuam tshuam nrog hnyav molecules, uas tej zaum yuav ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim ntawm kev sib koom tes los yog ionic bonds. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm dissolution txheej txheem, Iridium (III) Chloride tej zaum yuav tsim complexes los yog ionic tebchaw nrog hnyav molecules. Kev tsim ntawm cov complexes lossis ionic compounds pab txhim kho cov solubility ntawm Iridium (III) Chloride hauv dej thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic.
3. Magnetism
Iridium (III) Chloride yog ib qho khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb, uas muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws ntawm 1, ua rau nws paramagnetic. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb, cov electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub atomic nucleus ntawm Iridium Chlorine yuav cuam tshuam thiab deflected, ua rau lub sij hawm sib nqus. Lub sijhawm sib nqus no yuav cuam tshuam nrog lwm qhov chaw sib nqus, ua rau Iridium Chloride nthuav tawm cov hlau nplaum. Vim nws qhov tsawg tsawg ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, cov hlau nplaum ntawm Iridium Chlorine kuj tsis muaj zog, tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib nqus hlau nplaum.
4. Catalytic kev ua si
Iridium (III) Chloride muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm catalysis thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev catalyst. Hauv cov organic synthesis, Iridium (III) Chloride tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogenation ntawm olefins, alkynes, thiab lwm yam sib txuas, hloov lawv mus rau hauv ntau cov organic tebchaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm cov tebchaw xws li cawv thiab aldehydes, hloov mus rau hauv carboxylic acids lossis ketone compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, Iridium (III) Chloride kuj tuaj yeem siv rau lwm hom kev cuam tshuam xws li hydrogenation txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj carbonylation. Vim nws cov kev ua tau zoo catalytic thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj ruaj khov, Iridium (III) Chloride tau siv dav hauv ntau txoj hauv kev organic synthesis.
Cov hauv qab no yog ob peb hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau Iridium (III) Chlorine:
1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej: IrCl3 + 3H2O → IrCl3(OH)3 + 3HCl
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Iridium (III) Chloride nrog dej los tsim IrCl3 (OH) 3 thiab HCl. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, Iridium (III) Chloride cuam tshuam nrog dej molecules los tsim cov complexes IrCl.3(OH) 3thiab HCl.
2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog CO: IrCl3 + CO → IrCl2(CO)2 + Cl2
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Iridium (III) Chloride thiab CO los tsim IrCl2 (CO) 2 thiab Cl2. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, Iridium (III) Chloride cuam tshuam nrog CO molecules los tsim ib qho nyuaj IrCl.2(CO)2thiab lub xeev dawb chlorine atom.
3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv olefins: IrCl3 + 3C2H4→ IrCl3(C2H5)3 + 3HCl
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Iridium (III) Chloride nrog olefins los tsim IrCl3 (C2H5) 3 thiab HCl. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, Iridium (III) Chloride cuam tshuam nrog olefin molecules los tsim cov complexes IrCl.3(C2H5)3thiab HCl.
4. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cawv: IrCl3+ 3ROH → IrCl3(OR)3+ 3HCl
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no sawv cev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Iridium (III) Chloride nrog cawv los tsim IrCl3 (OR) 3 thiab HCl. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, Iridium (III) Chloride cuam tshuam nrog cawv molecules los tsim cov complexes IrCl.3(OR)3thiab HCl.
Cov qauv ntawm Iridium (III) Chloride tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Ir3+ions thiab Cl - ions. Qhov sib xyaw no muaj cov qauv txiav txim ntev ntev, qhov twg txhua Ir 3+ion yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm rau Cl - ions, tsim cov qauv octahedral. Cov qauv octahedral no tau teeb tsa ntau zaus hauv qhov chaw, ua ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm peb sab. Muaj qhov sib txawv octahedral nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua Ir3+ion, uas yog nyob ntawm rau Cl - ions, tsim ib qho qauv ruaj khov.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv ntawm Iridium Chloride kuj tuaj yeem piav qhia meej los ntawm kev tshawb fawb X-ray crystallographic. Los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no, peb tuaj yeem tau txais qhov kev ncua deb thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov atoms hauv cov siv lead ua. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom no, txhua lub Ir atom nyob hauv ib puag ncig octahedral ncig los ntawm rau Cl atoms. Cov qauv octahedral no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm Ir atoms thiab Cl atoms. Txhua Ir atom tsim kev sib koom ua ke nrog peb Cl atoms, thiab cov kev sib koom ua ke no yog taw qhia ntawm qhov vertices ntawm octahedron.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv siv lead ua kuj tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab. Hauv cov qauv no, txhua tus Ir atom thiab nws cov Cl atoms nyob ib puag ncig tsim cov txheej txheem txheej. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej no tau teem caij ntau zaus hauv qhov chaw, ua kom tiav cov qauv siv lead ua. Txhua txheej txheej muaj ib puag ncig octahedral uas muaj Ir thiab Cl atoms, uas pheej rov ua cov qauv ntev-ntev hauv qhov chaw.
Cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm Iridium (III) Chloride tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb pib kawm thiab npaj cov iridium halide compounds. Ua ntej qhov no, kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab cov khoom sib txuas ntawm iridium raws li cov hlau tsis tshua muaj tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm iridium thiab nws cov tebchaw tau maj mam lees paub thiab muaj nuj nqis.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav tau zoo npaj Iridium (III) Chloride los ntawm reacting iridium thiab chlorine gas ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev npaj no muaj tsawg tawm los thiab nyuaj kom tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntshiab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav cov kev siv tau zoo dua los npaj cov khoom no.
Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj thiab kev sim tshuab, kev tshawb fawb ntawm Iridium (III) Chlorine kuj tau txuas ntxiv tob thiab tsim. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias los ntawm kev siv iridium thiab ammonium chloride ua raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab reacting ntawm high kub, siab purity Iridium (III) Chloride yuav tau. Txoj kev npaj no tau siv los txog niaj hnub no thiab tau dhau los ua txoj kev npaj
Ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev txhim kho txoj kev npaj, daim ntawv thov teb kuj tseem nthuav dav. Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov, nws yog tsuas yog siv raws li ib tug catalyst thiab tshuaj reagent. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov, nws tau maj mam siv rau hauv thaj chaw xws li cov khoom siv optoelectronic, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab roj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau siv dav hauv kev sib txuas ntawm lwm cov iridium tebchaw, muab kev cia siab rau kev siv cov ntsiab lus iridium.