N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF) yog dav siv los ua tshuaj hnyav. N. N -dimethylformamide yog dipolar hydrophilic hnyav nrog lub cev muaj zog, yog li nws tsim nyog rau capillary electrophoresis (CE)
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm N-dimethylformamide yog qhov ruaj khov, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv xya yam nram qab no:
1. Nws yog ib qho aprotic polar solvent nrog zoo solubility rau ntau yam organic thiab inorganic tebchaw. Nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj zoo thaum tsis muaj alkali, acid, thiab dej.
2. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg: thaum tsis muaj kua qaub, alkali, thiab dej, nws yog qhov ruaj khov txawm tias thaum tshav kub kub rau qhov kub. Nws yog decomposed rau hauv formic acid thiab dimethylamine ntsev nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm acid, thaum nws yog decomposed rau hauv methylate thiab dimethylamine nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alkali.
3. Decompose rau hauv dimethylamine thiab formaldehyde nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb, thiab decompose rau hauv dimethylamine thiab carbon monoxide thaum rhuab mus txog 350 degree . Nws tsim ib qho chaw ruaj khov zoo sib xws nrog hydrochloric acid, nrog rau qhov chaw melting ntawm 40 degree thiab qhov kub ntawm 110 degree. Nws tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov crystalline adducts nrog SO3, nrog rau qhov kub ntawm 138 degree thiab qhov kub ntawm 145 degree. Dmf-so3 tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj sulfonating me me thiab cov tshuaj sulfating. Cov adducts tsim nrog POCl3, CoCl2, thiab SOCl2 tuaj yeem qhia cov pab pawg Cho (Vilsmeier cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) rau hauv lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab nrog cov hluav taws xob siab. P2O5 yog insoluble nyob rau hauv Dimethylformamide ntawm chav tsev kub, tab sis tom qab tsim ib tug ruaj khov complex saum toj no 40 degree, nws yuav yaj nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub yam tsis muaj nag lossis daus. Thaum rhuab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm metallic sodium, ib tug nruj kev tshwm sim tshwm sim thiab hydrogen tawm. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam hnyav nrog triethylaluminium ntawm 0 degree. Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag nrog Grignard reagent. Thaum reacting nrog acyl chloride thiab anhydride, nws tsim derivatives ntawm dicarbonamide.
4. Nws belongs rau qeb toxicity tsawg. Kev sim tsiaj tau ua pov thawj tias kev tswj hwm tas li ntawm N, N -dimethylformamide tuaj yeem ua rau poob phaus thiab cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm hematopoietic. Nws muaj zog stimulating nyhuv ntawm lub qhov muag, daim tawv nqaij, thiab mucous daim nyias nyias, thiab nws cov kua los yog vapor kuj yuav ua rau lub siab mob tom qab absorbed los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Inhalation ntawm high concentration chav yuav ua rau mob lom. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog khaus khaus heev, spasm dav dav, mob cem quav, xeev siab, thiab ntuav. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias, cov kab mob lom kuj muaj xws li xeev siab, ntuav, hauv siab nruj, mob taub hau, tsis xis nyob, tsis qab los noj mov, mob plab, cem quav, hepatomegaly, kev hloov hauv daim siab ua haujlwm, thiab nce urobilinogen thiab urobilin. Thaum siv, qhov nruab nrab vapor concentration yuav tsum qis dua 29.9mg / m3, thiab cov tsos mob lom (ua rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb) yuav tshwm sim thaum nws yog 59.8mg / m3. Qhov ncauj toxicity LD50 ntawm nas thiab nas yog 3000 7000 mg/kg. Qhov nruab nrab olfactory concentration yog 0.14mg / m3, thiab TJ 36-79 teev tias qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai nyob rau hauv huab cua ntawm lub rooj cob qhia yog 10mg / m3.
5. Kev ruaj ntseg
6. Cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub muaj zog oxidant, acyl chloride, chloroform, muaj zog txo tus neeg sawv cev, halogen, chlorinated hydrocarbon, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming nitric acid
7. Polymerization txaus ntshai tsis yog-polymerization
Dimethylformamide is mainly used as a low volatile solvent. Dimethylformamide is used in the manufacture of propylene fibers and plastics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is also used in the manufacture of pesticides, adhesives, artificial leather, fibers, films, and surface coatings. Dimethylformamide is the reagent of bouveault aldehyde synthesis reaction and Vilsmeier Haack reaction (another useful aldehyde synthesis reaction). In the NMR spectrum, the proton on the methyl group of dimethylformamide forms two single peaks, because the rotation rate of the carbonyl carbon-nitrogen bond is very slow in the time scale of NMR. The bond order of carbonyl carbon-nitrogen bond is greater than one, while that of amide carbon-oxygen bond is less than two. In the infrared spectrum of amide, the chemicalbook, C = O band is usually less than 1700cm-1, because its C = O bond is weakened due to the electron density of oxygen supplied from nitrogen. Dimethylformamide will penetrate most plastics and expand them, so it is often used as one of the components of paint remover. Dimethylformamide is also known as a "universal solvent", but it also has its limitations. It has a high boiling point of 154 degree , which is more suitable as a solvent for many polymer materials. It should be carefully selected in organic synthesis. It is often difficult to remove the solvent. In addition, it can be miscible with water. The simple solvent recovery method is difficult to dehydrate. It can be washed off with water at any cost. The feasibility of large-scale production should be considered in the small-scale test. We need to calculate the cost and wastewater treatment scheme.
Yog tias koj xav paub ntau ntxiv txog N, N-dimethylformamide, thov koj xav tiv tauj peb.