Scopolamine hydrobromide(link khoom:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/api-researching-only/scopolamine-hydrobromide-powder-cas-114-49-8.html), tshuaj formula C17H22BrNO4, yog dawb crystalline hmoov, tsw tsw thiab saj. Nws yog soluble hauv dej los yog ethanol, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv methanol. Nws tsis ruaj khov ntawm atmospheric siab thiab tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus melting thiab boiling. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab yaj hauv qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 175 degree -200 degree . Txij li nws tsis ruaj khov ntawm atmospheric siab, nws tuaj yeem decompose ntawm qhov kub siab. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj anticholinergic uas muaj zog inhibitory teebmeem. Nws yog ib qho chaw uas muaj quaternary ammonium ntsev qauv, thiab nws cov qauv molecular muaj ob pawg hydroxyl ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv epoxy. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv no ua rau nws muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog ib hom tshuaj, uas yog ib yam ntawm alkaloid thiab central inhibitory neeg sawv cev.
Scopolamine hydrobromide yog ib qho alkaloid compound uas nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Scope structure:
Lub molecule ntawm Scopolamine hydrobromide muaj ntau lub nplhaib benzene thiab tsib-tus tswv cuab heterocycles, nrog rau 6-tus tswv cuab heterocycle (pyridine nplhaib) nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Ntawm lwm yam, nws muaj ester pawg thiab methoxy pawg.
2. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov:
Vim tias muaj nws lub nplhaib qauv, Scopolamine hydrobromide yog qhov ruaj khov thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua, dej lossis qee yam tshuaj lom neeg ntawm chav tsev kub. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev cuam tshuam decomposition tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej xws li muaj zog alkali, muaj zog acid lossis cua sov.
3. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas thaiv qhov kev ua ntawm choline:
Lub molecule ntawm Scopolamine hydrobromide muaj ntau pawg methoxy thiab hydroxyl pawg, thiab cov hydroxyl pab pawg muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas thaiv cov kev ua ntawm choline, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov synthesis thiab degradation ntawm acetylcholine los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog cholinesterase, yog li tsim cov nyhuv anticholinergic.
4. Plaub-ntiv nplhaib qauv nrog cov nyhuv anti-narcotic:
Scopolamine hydrobromide muaj plaub-ntiv nplhaib qauv, uas zoo ib yam li lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab hauv cov tshuaj morphine zoo li, thiab tuaj yeem khi rau μ-hom opioid receptors hauv neurons kom ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv narcotic.
5. Nws muaj ntau yam physiological thiab pharmacological teebmeem:
Raws li ib qho alkaloid, Scopolamine hydrobromide muaj ntau yam teebmeem, suav nrog anticholinergic, tshuaj loog, antidepressant, tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, kev pw tsaug zog, thiab kev kho mob ntawm neuropathic strabismus thiab dyspepsia. Cov teebmeem no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv molecular.
Yuav kom suav tau, Scopolamine hydrobromide yog alkaloid nrog cov qauv nyuaj thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Nws cov qauv nplhaib tshwj xeeb thiab kev teeb tsa spatial ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Scopolamine hydrobromide yog ib qho tshuaj anticholinergic siv ntau yam kev kho mob thiab tsis siv tshuaj kho mob.
1. Cov tshuaj Anticholinergic:
Scopolamine hydrobromide yog ib qho tshuaj sedative, anticholinergic tshuaj uas feem ntau siv los kho mob kev mob, plab hnyuv siab, thiab lwm yam kev mob ntsig txog kev tawm dag zog. Nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog txo cov tsos mob los ntawm inhibiting qhov kev txiav txim ntawm acetylcholine, nrog rau kev txo qis kev txav mus los thiab tso tawm cov kua dej hauv plab hnyuv, thiab tsim cov nyhuv sedative los ntawm inhibiting cov haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha vagus thiab hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob ua pa ntau dhau xws li mob hawb pob.
2. Tshuaj loog:
Scopolamine hydrobromide tuaj yeem siv los ua tshuaj loog lossis tshuaj loog ua ntej, feem ntau yog siv los txo kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab thaum phais thiab pab cov neeg mob so. Nws feem ntau yog muab los ntawm qhov ncauj, txhaj tshuaj, lossis ua ib thaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg mob uas nkag siab rau lwm yam tshuaj yeeb thiab tshuaj sedatives. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum Scopolamine hydrobromide siv los ua tshuaj loog, nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb thiab siv nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas.
3. Nervous strabismus:
Scopolamine hydrobromide yog siv los kho cov kab mob neuropathic strabismus, qhov tsis pom kev tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag. Nws lub ntsiab mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim yog los kho qhov muag tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab thaum kawg txhim kho qhov muag pom los ntawm inhibiting qhov contraction ntawm cov leeg qhov muag teeb meem.
4. Raws li lub hauv paus paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab:
Scopolamine hydrobromide, raws li lub hauv paus paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab, tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob xws li kev txav mus los, dystonia thiab Parkinson's disease. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob hlwb xws li kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar.
5. Kev kuaj tshuaj tsis raug cai:
Scopolamine hydrobromide kuj tseem yog ib qho kev siv tshuaj tsis raug cai, uas tuaj yeem siv los xyuas seb cov neeg ncaws pob puas siv tshuaj los txhim kho lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm. Kev siv cov tshuaj no, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho cov lus teb ntawm microscopic thiab kev sib koom ua ke, pab kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua kis las.
Hauv kev xaus, Scopolamine hydrobromide yog ntau yam tshuaj uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntau hom kev kho mob thiab tsis kho. Nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog anticholinergic, tshuaj loog, neuropathic strabismus, thiab ua lub hauv paus paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov neeg ncaws pob rau kev siv yeeb tshuaj tsis raug cai. Kev nkag siab ntawm cov kev siv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqis tes ua yuav pab kom nkag siab zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj pharmacokinetics ntawm Scopolamine hydrobromide, thiab muab kev taw qhia rau nws daim ntawv thov kev kho mob.
Scopolamine hydrobromide tau pom thawj zaug los ntawm German chemist A. Ladenburg hauv 1881. Thaum nws tab tom kawm txog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm hyoscyamine (atropine), nws tau cais cov tshuaj tshiab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hu ua Scopolia cag, thiab nws muaj npe Scopolamine.
Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm Scopolamine, tib neeg maj mam pom nws cov nqi siv dav. Thaum xyoo pua 20th, cov kws kho mob pib sau tshuaj Scopolamine rau sedation thiab hypnosis, thaum tseem ceeb nws cov teebmeem anticholinergic. Txawm li cas los xij, Scopolamine kev siv tau raug txwv vim nws cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab kev phom sij.
Xyoo 1921, tus kws kho mob German Albert von Bezold tau ua ke Scopolamine nrog morphine thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tsis xav tau. Txij thaum ntawd los, Scopolamine tau maj mam dhau los ua cov tshuaj sedative zoo thaum siv cov koob tshuaj thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog.
Nyob rau xyoo 1950, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tob ntxiv ntawm Scopolamine, vam tias yuav pom nws cov nqi siv dav dua. Lawv pom tias Scopolamine tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog los kho cov teeb meem xws li neuropathic strabismus thiab plab zom mov, tab sis kuj tswj cov tsos mob xws li lub qhov ncauj qhuav, salivation thiab hoarseness, thiab kho cov mob xws li cov leeg nqaij spasms, biliary obstruction thiab gallstones. nyhuv.
Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Scopolamine tau pom ntxiv tias muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev pw tsaug zog, thiab maj mam dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub discovery keeb kwm ntawm Scopolamine hydrobromide yog tag nrho ntawm twists thiab lem thiab kev loj hlob. Nrog rau tib neeg kev nkag siab tsis tu ncua thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm nws txoj kev siv, nws cov ntawv thov ntau kuj tau txuas ntxiv nthuav dav thiab txhim kho.