Tetramisole Hydrochloride(Tetramisole Hcl) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj intermediate dav siv nyob rau hauv cov synthesis ntawm tshuaj thiab tshuaj tua kab. Nws cov qauv tshuaj yog C11H12N2S, nws qhov hnyav molecular yog 204.29 g / mol, nws txuas nrog lub nplhaib benzene thiab ib pab pawg propylene, thiab nws muaj cov qauv ntawm organosulfur compound nrog lub nplhaib imidazole.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog txhua qhov kev siv ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride:
1. Tsiaj siv:
Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob cordyceps hauv cov tsiaj. Cordyceps yog ib hom kab mob uas kis tau rau ntau hom tsiaj. Kab mob Cordyceps tuaj yeem ua rau poob phaus, anemia, thiab lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem pab tswj cov kab mob cordyceps thiab txhawb cov tsiaj noj qab haus huv.
2. Tsiaj txhu:
Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev yug tsiaj los tiv thaiv thiab kho kab mob kab mob. Tus kab mob Ascaris yog ib hom kab mob parasitic tsiaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi tsim khoom ntau ntxiv hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov tsiaj noj qab haus huv. Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem tswj cov kab mob kab mob sib kis thiab txhim kho cov tsiaj txhu ntau lawm.
3. Nqaij qaib:
Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob nematode me me hauv cov nqaij qaib. Me me nematode kab mob yog ib qho kab mob parasitic nyob rau hauv cov nqaij qaib, uas tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis kev ua tau zoo thiab txo tus nqi noj mov. Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem tswj tau cov kab mob nematode me me thiab txhim kho cov nqaij qaib ntau lawm.
4. Tib neeg siv:
Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem siv los kho tib neeg txoj hnyuv kab mob. Kab mob plab hnyuv helminth yog ib hom kab mob cab uas tib neeg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv xws li raws plab, cem quav, poob phaus, thiab ntshav ntshav. Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem tswj cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv thiab txhawb cov neeg mob rov zoo.
5. Lwm yam kev siv:
Tetramisole Hydrochloride kuj tseem siv rau lwm lub hom phiaj, xws li kho cov kab mob autoimmune thiab nodular sclerosis. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav rau qee hom mob qog noj ntshav.
Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas siv dav siv los kho cov kab mob cab hauv tsiaj thiab tib neeg. Rau kev yug tsiaj thiab nqaij qaib ntau lawm, Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem txo cov kab mob tsiaj thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom. Rau tib neeg, Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem tswj cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv thiab txhawb kev rov zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tetramisole Hydrochloride kuj tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav, tab sis xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom paub meej qhov no.
Tetramisole Hydrochloride tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1960. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog keeb kwm tshawb pom ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride:
Xyoo 1964, tus kws tshawb fawb hu ua Wright los ntawm ITRI (British Industrial Research Institute) tau tshawb pom qee cov tshuaj sulfuryl tshiab thaum tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj siv tshuaj tshiab. Ntawm lawv, 4-phenyl-2, 3,5, 6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazole (THCP) tau ua tiav kev tiv thaiv kab mob zoo heev tiv thaiv feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob plab hnyuv loj , Helicobacter.
Tom ntej no, thaj chaw kho mob tab tom ua kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim ntau yam ntawm THCP, uas yuav tsum tau siv los kho tib neeg kab mob parasitic. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias THCP tsis muaj kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau tib neeg cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, tab sis nws cov cocaine txuam nrog tau raug pov thawj los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv plab.
Nrog rau qhov kev tshawb pom no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib txhim kho cov qauv ntawm 4-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazole hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo dua. Tom qab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb thaum kawg tau hloov THCP rau hauv THFA, uas muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev solubility ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride kuj tau ua kom zoo dua qub.
Xyoo 1965, Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog thawj zaug ua lag luam ua tshuaj rau kev kho mob plab hnyuv ileitis. Tom qab ntawd, Tetramisole Hydrochloride tau dav siv los kho ntau yam kab mob xws li kab mob kab mob sib kis, kab mob canine parvovirus, kab mob hookworm, thiab qee yam kab mob cab.
Sij hawm dhau mus, Tetramisole Hydrochloride tau maj mam dhau los ua cov tshuaj siv dav rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov kab mob canine thiab qee yam kab mob tib neeg. Los ntawm 2021, Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj xaiv zoo tshaj plaws los kho cov kab mob cab.
Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog dawb siv lead ua nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb. Nws yog chiral compound. Vim tias nws cov qauv molecular muaj cov chaw chiral, tuaj yeem muaj ob hom enantiomer, uas yog, d - thiab l-forms. Ob lub isomers muaj tib lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis lawv qhov kev sib hloov kho qhov muag thiab kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag sib txawv.
Kev sib hloov kho qhov muag ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog hais txog qib ntawm kev sib hloov nws pom nyob rau hauv ib qho optical polarimeter, nyob ntawm seb muaj cov chiral isomers. D-Tetramisole Hydrochloride muaj kev sib hloov kho qhov muag ntawm ntxiv rau 98 rau ntxiv rau 105 degrees rau txoj kev sib hloov; Kev hloov kho qhov muag ntawm l-Tetramisole Hydrochloride rau sab laug-tes lub teeb yog -98 rau -105 degrees. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw d-thiab l-cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog optically tsis ua haujlwm, tsis muaj kev sib hloov kho qhov muag lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb polar.
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev npaj cov tshuaj vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov bioavailability thiab tshuaj lom. Hauv cov txheej txheem kev npaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tswj qhov piv ntawm enantiomer. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov yuav tsum tau enantiomer tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm chiral synthesis, thiab lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, d - thiab l-forms kuj tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev daws teeb meem hluavtaws lossis kua chromatography kom tau txais ib qho enantiomer.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov khoom kho qhov muag ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb tshuaj thiab tshuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem pab peb nkag siab zoo dua thiab paub txog kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm qhov sib xyaw no, thiab muab kev taw qhia rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj zoo thiab nyab xeeb.
Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas feem ntau siv los kho cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, xws li kab mob khaub thuas, kab mob sib kis, psoriasis, kab mob siab, kab mob npaws, thiab lwm yam.
1. Kev txhais thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm acid-base zog:
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm acid-base zog: Cov txheeb ze concentration ntawm hydrogen ions thiab hydroxide ions tsim nyob rau hauv dej yog hu ua acid-base zog ntawm cov tshuaj.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm acid-base zog: Cov kua qaub-puag khoom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv kev daws txiav txim siab solubility, stability, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, kev nkag siab txog cov kua qaub-puag khoom ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws cov tshuaj pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, thiab lwm yam.
2. Lub acid-base dissociation tas li (pKa) ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride thiab nws cov teebmeem pharmacological:
Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride muaj ib lub nplhaib pyridine thiab lub nplhaib benzene, ua rau nws muaj zog alkalinity. Raws li txoj kev xav dav dav ntawm cov kua qaub-puag, Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov dej molecules ua lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog hauv dej, tsim hydroxide ions thiab tsis zoo ions ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mis yog raws li nram no:
Tetramisole Hydrochloride (B) ntxiv rau H2O ⇄ Tetramisole Hydrochloride anion (BH ntxiv) ntxiv rau OH-
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua ua rau muaj peev xwm sib cais ntawm cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog thiab cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thaum lub sij hawm acid-base cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib npaug, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas cov kua qaub-puag zog. Lub dissociation tas li (pKa) tus nqi ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog 9.08, qhia tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pH tej yam kev mob, nws yog alkaline ntau tshaj pKa (9.24) ntawm NH.3, uas feem ntau tsis muaj zog alkaline.
Cov qauv molecular ntawm cov tshuaj cuam tshuam rau nws cov metabolism thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov qauv nitrogen heterocyclic ntawm Tetramisole Hydrolide tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib raug zoo nrog feem ntau cov calcium channel proteins, thiab inhibit qee qhov tsis yog L-type calcium channel lossis Subunits, yog li cuam tshuam rau lawv cov tshuaj pharmacological. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim qhov kev ua haujlwm no uas Tetramisole Hydrochloride tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev txav thiab cov kab mob metabolic ntawm cov cab, ua rau lawv tuag lossis tshem tawm ntawm lub cev, thiab kho cov kab mob cab.
3. Cov nyhuv ntawm acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride ntawm nws cov kev ua tau zoo:
Rau cov tshuaj, lawv cov acidity thiab alkalinity txiav txim lawv cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub cev, xws li kev ua tau zoo, nqus, metabolism, excretion, thiab lwm yam. Siv Tetramisole Hydrochloride ua piv txwv, nws cov kua qaub-puag zog cuam tshuam nws cov solubility thiab bioavailability.
Ntawm qhov sib txawv pH qhov tseem ceeb, solubility ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride sib txawv, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2. Raws li tus nqi pH hloov, nws solubility qhia tau hais tias muaj kev hloov pauv loj. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tsis muaj zog acidic, nws qhov sib npaug ionization ob zaug yuav hnov mob thiab thaum kawg tsim ib daim ntawv ionization, ua rau txo qis hauv solubility. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj zog alkaline, qhov concentration ntawm ob daim ntawv ionization nce thiab cov solubility maj mam nce. Yog li, kev hloov pauv ntawm pH tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj hauv lub cev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov solubility thiab bioavailability, yog li cuam tshuam rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig.
Tsis tas li ntawd, pKa tus nqi ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog siab, uas ua rau qis qis ntawm ionization hauv lub cev thiab nyuaj rau kev dhau los ntawm biofilm, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws nkag mus thiab bioavailability. Txawm li cas los xij, Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog ib qho tshuaj me me uas tuaj yeem nqus tau qhov ncauj thiab metabolized hauv lub cev kom ua haujlwm tau zoo. Vim tias tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau protonation los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm pH qis hauv lub plab, yog li txhim kho cov dej solubility ntawm cov tshuaj thiab txhawb kev nqus.
4. Cov ntsiab lus:
Zuag qhia tag nrho, Tetramisold Hydrochloride yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog alkaline nrog acid-base dissociation tas li (pKa) tus nqi ntawm 9.08. Vim muaj cov nitrogen heterocycles nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv thiab nws affinity nrog feem ntau calcium channel proteins, nws cov kev ua tau zoo yog ua tiav los ntawm inhibiting lub zog thiab metabolic txoj kev ntawm cab, ua rau cab tuag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi pH muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau nws cov solubility thiab bioavailability, tab sis vim nws qhov me me molecular, nws tuaj yeem nqus tau qhov ncauj thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig kho. Mastering cov kua qaub-puag khoom ntawm Tetramisole Hydrochloride yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau nws txoj kev siv kom muaj nuj nqis.