Urolithintau muab faib ua ob hom: urolithin A thiab urolithin B. Urolithin A yog ib qho kev metabolite ntawm ellagitanins, uas muaj nyob rau hauv pomegranate thiab ib co txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv ntoo.
Urolithin A yog ib qho khoom siv ntuj tsim ntawm ellagitanins, ib qho chaw muaj nyob hauv pomegranate thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv ntoo. Tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv Johan auwerx, tus xibfwb ntawm EPFL, tau hais tias: "Peb zoo siab tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv thawj zaug uas lees paub qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hnyuv metabolite ntawm mitochondrial thiab cov leeg nqaij ua haujlwm. Kev tshawb fawb los tiv thaiv kev laus yav dhau los, kev tsom mus rau kev kho tshuaj ib txwm siv.Nws qhia tau hais tias cov cib fim ntsib los ntawm qee qhov kev soj ntsuam nruj me ntsis ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus bioactive uas peb ntseeg tias muaj peev xwm zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Urolithin A yog lub plab hnyuv loj metabolite uas tuaj yeem kho mitochondria thiab thim rov qab cov leeg nqaij. Kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm urolithin tuaj yeem txhim kho mitochondrial kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem hu ua mitophagy.
Patrick Aebischer, tus kws sau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv, tus tsim thiab tus thawj coj ntawm amazentis thiab tus thawj coj ntawm EPFL, tau hais tias: "raws li peb loj hlob tuaj, mitochondrial autophagy hauv cov hlwb txo qis, thiab kev poob qis ntawm mitochondrial kev ua haujlwm hauv cov leeg nqaij. Cov neeg laus raug suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev raug mob ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Peb cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntawm urolithin a, uas peb ntseeg tias ua rau muaj kev cia siab tshiab rau kev rov qab cov leeg nqaij laus. "
Hnub nyoog cuam tshuam txog cov leeg nqaij poob: nws muab lub sijhawm ua lag luam txaus nyiam rau urolithin a. Qhov txo qis ntawm cov leeg pob txha thiab qhov ua rau poob ntawm cov leeg nqaij yog ib qho cim ntawm kev laus. Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg tsis muaj zog, ua rau muaj tus kab mob hu ua sarcopenia, uas suav tias cuam tshuam rau 30 feem pua ntawm cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 60 xyoo thiab ntau dua 50 feem pua ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 80 xyoo.
Kev poob qis hauv kev ua neej zoo thiab kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov leeg nqaij poob ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj zuj zus rau cov neeg laus. Tam sim no, tsis muaj kev kho tshuaj los kho cov hnub nyoog ntsig txog cov leeg mob thiab sarcopenia. Txog tam sim no, cov tswv yim khoom noj khoom haus tsuas muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg, thiab muaj qhov xav tau ceev ceev rau cov tswv yim tshiab uas tau tshawb pom tseeb.
Tom qab haus cov kua txiv pomegranate, cov tshuaj hu ua ellagitanins tau tawg hauv plab, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv urolithin los ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias qhov biotransformation no txawv ntawm cov tib neeg. Qee tus neeg pom qhov hloov pauv siab lossis qis qis, thaum lwm tus muaj cov microbiota sib txawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv no. Yog li ntawd, tso cai rau cov tib neeg los ntxiv qee cov khoom lag luam kom xa cov qauv tshuaj urolithin tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv ntawm cov pej xeem.
Urolithin a tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau lub raum. Nws yog ib qho metabolite ntawm plab hnyuv microorganisms thiab tsis tuaj yeem ncaj qha ntxiv los ntawm cov zaub mov. Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm UA tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov khoom noj, thiab nws tsis tau txhais hais tias noj ntau cov zaub mov uas muaj UA precursors tuaj yeem ua ke ntau dua urolithin A. Nws kuj nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hnyuv.
Dab tsi yog bioavailability ntawm urolithin ntsig txog? Pom qhov no, tej zaum koj twb paub tias bioavailability ntawm UA yog dab tsi. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm microbiota, vim tias tsis yog txhua hom kab mob microbial tuaj yeem tsim tau. Cov khoom siv raw ntawm UA yog tannin tau los ntawm cov khoom noj. Qhov precursor no yooj yim kom tau thiab yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Anthocyanin yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv kom tso tawm ellagic acid, uas yog ntxiv mus rau hauv urolithin ib los ntawm txoj hnyuv flora. Yuav ua li cas cov kab mob plab hnyuv synthesize ntau UA? Hmoov tsis, tsis muaj qhov xaus lus meej. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Cell, tsuas yog 40 feem pua ntawm cov tib neeg tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom siv urolithin los ntawm lawv cov precursors.
Lwm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm urolithin a, urolithin a tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam, deb tshaj peb qhov kev xav.
1. Pab kom poob phaus: urolithin tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov leeg xwb, qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau pom tias urolithin ib qho tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cell lipid metabolism thiab lipogenesis, nws tuaj yeem txo qis triglyceride tsub zuj zuj thiab fatty acid oxidation, nrog rau kev qhia ntawm cov noob ntsig txog lipogenesis. .
Ib qho kev sim nas tsis ntev los no tau pom tias urolithin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj roj xim av ua kom muaj roj thiab cov rog dawb browning, thaum tiv thaiv kev rog rog los ntawm kev noj haus. Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov cov rog xim av. Lawv txawv ntawm cov rog. Lawv tsis tsuas yog tsis rog, tab sis kuj hlawv rog. Yog li ntawd, cov roj ntau xim av, qhov zoo dua rau kev poob phaus.
2. Urolithin ib tug activates mitochondrial autophagy: kev tiv thaiv ntawm urolithin ib tug tiv thaiv cov leeg nqaij tsis ntev los no tau pom. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm nws tau tsom mus rau mitochondria, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mitochondrial autophagy. (mitochondrial autophagy yog hais txog kev xaiv tshem tawm ntawm kev puas tsuaj mitochondria los ntawm autophagosomes). UA tuaj yeem qhib mitochondrial autophagy los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, xws li ua kom cov enzymes uas txhawb nqa mitochondrial autophagy, tswj txoj hauv kev mitochondrial autophagy, thiab txhawb kev tsim autophagosome.
3. Anti-inflammatory nyhuv: ntawm tag nrho cov kev kho mob qauv ntawm UA, muaj ib tug tshwm sim, uas yog, txo cov inflammatory teb. Cov nyhuv no tau pom thawj zaug hauv kev sim nas enteritis, thaum mRNA thiab cov protein ntau ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory cyclooxygenase 2 raug txo. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb ntau ntxiv, nws tau pom tias lwm cov cim inflammatory, xws li proinflammatory yam thiab qog necrosis yam, kuj txo qis mus rau qhov sib txawv. Cov nyhuv anti-inflammatory ntawm UA yog multifaceted. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws muaj nyob hauv ntau cov hnyuv, yog li qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kab mob plab hnyuv. Xws li mob enteritis, ulcerative colitis, thiab txawm mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov thib ob, UA tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv plab hnyuv, vim tias nws txo qis tag nrho cov ntshav qab zib ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory. Raws li txoj cai, UA tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob.
4. Txhim kho cov kab mob metabolic: qhov tseeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm urolithin A thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm mitochondrial autophagy tau tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob metabolic. Tab sis nws kuj muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho oxidative kev nyuaj siab, tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, tab sis kuj inhibit oxidase enzymes, tab sis kuj txhim kho cell antioxidant / qhov chaw. Ntau tus kws kho mob ntseeg tias cov yam ntxwv noj qab haus huv yog vim muaj peev xwm antioxidant ntawm UA. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev hauv tsev kho mob, vim tias kev laus thiab cov kab mob feem ntau muaj hnub nyoog muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev mob qis qis thiab kev ntxhov siab oxidative. Thaum nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob, nws tuaj yeem hais tias yuav luag txhua yam kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog tau txhim kho, xws li neuroinflamation, kab mob plawv thiab kab mob metabolic.
Peb tsis tuaj yeem tau txais urolithin ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom noj, tab sis peb tuaj yeem ntxiv nws cov tannin ua ntej. Cov khoom noj uas muaj ellagic acid thiab ellagic tannins muaj xws li pomegranate, raspberry, blueberry, blackberry, walnut, pistachios, hickory, thiab ib co tshuaj yej, hnub nyoog cawv, thiab dab.
Ntawm lawv, blackberry thiab blueberry berries nrog cov ntsiab lus qab zib tsawg yog tus phooj ywg zoo rau ketone ntau lawm, thiab txiv ntoo kuj zoo. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis yog tsuas yog raw cov ntaub ntawv uas txiav txim siab lub bioavailability ntawm urolithin a, tab sis kuj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hnyuv. Tam sim no nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias piv nrog cov pab pawg noj zaub mov zoo, cov zaub mov Mediterranean tuaj yeem ua rau cov zis calculus a, thiab cov hnyuv microbiome kuj txawv.