Tropicamide(Torpidamine) yog kev ua yeeb yam artificially antichility belongs rau lub derivative ntawm scopolamine alkaloid. Raws li qhov tsis -} Xaiv cov leeg nqaij thiab cov leeg nqaij, ua rau cov leeg nqaij ntshiv (myriary) thiab cov leeg nqaij tuag tes tuag taw (pab tuag tes tuag taw Cov txheej txheem no ntawm kev nqis tes ua no ua rau nws muaj kev tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj meddriatic hauv ophthalmic kev xeem.
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CORNCHICCUM SHOUNTICIUM
Cov tub ntxhais kawm cov txiaj ntsig
Thaum tropicamide yog injunctival sab, cov tshuaj sai sai rau lub pob kws thiab nkag mus rau lub anterior chamber, khi rau m receptors ntawm iris sphincter. Los thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm acetylcholine, nws inhibits leeg cov leeg nqaij ua rau 6-8 hli inters, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm lub taub ua kom ntev li 6-30 feeb, kav ntev rau 4-8 teev. Qhov kev tawm dag zog rau MyDRiaticic sai yog muab lub teb meej ntawm lub zeem muag rau kev kuaj mob.
Ciliary leeg tuag tes tuag taw
Cov tshuaj ua ib txhij ua ntawm m receoration ntawm ciliary cov leeg, thaiv cov leeg kev cai ntawm cov leeg nqaij los ntawm cholinergic qab haus huv. Ntawm 1% siab, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg leeg tsis yooj yim, ua rau lub lens dispense kom so, thiab yog li tshem tawm cov kev tiv thaiv kom nruj. Qhov no pab tuag tes tuag taw lub xeev tseem ceeb heev rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab sib txawv sib txawv ntawm pseudo {}} myopia.
Neurotransmitter Thaiv Mechanism
Los ntawm cov kev xav ua molecular, tropicamide kev ua yeeb yam uas yog kev sib tw nrog cov m recetylcholine, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem qhib lub downstream signaling txoj kev ntawm cov receptors. Qhov kev siv hluav taws xob thaiv no tau thim rov qab, thiab cov kev ua haujlwm receptor lawm rov qab tom qab cov metabolism hauv cov tshuaj, kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov ntaub ntawv thov kho mob nthuav dav
Tus qauv kub rau kev kuaj mob pab nyiaj
Nyob rau hauv ncaj qha ophthalmoscopy, indirect ophththalmoscopy, lossis antery segsalmoscopy, tom qab cov tub ntxhais kawm lub taub dhuav, ntes cov kab mob peripheral xws li retinal qhov chaw thiab chaw degenerative. Nws yog Irreplaceable rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Retinopathy, retrinal detachment, thiab lwm yam.
Cov peev txheej tseeb rau kev kuaj mob
Ua ntej retinoscopy lossis khoos phis tawm siv hluav taws xob, siv cov menyuam kawm ntawv tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov cawv ntawm cov spasm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog myopia, tom qab cov tub ntxhais kawm dilation, nws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv Myopia tseeb los ntawm kev ua kom muaj tseeb Iopia los ntawm kev ua kom muaj tseeb Iopia los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ntseeg cuav Cov ntaub ntawv kuaj mob qhia tau tias kev txo qis hauv nruab nrab hauv refression℃tom qab cov tub kawm ntawv dilation yog 0.75}} d.
Pr - thiab post - kev phais mob
Ua ntej cataract phais, cov menyuam kawm ntawv ua kom ntseeg tau tias tus tub ntxhais kawm tau tas mus li cas caum cov haujlwm capsulorhexis thiab Phoachomulsification ua haujlwm. Post {-}}}}} -}} siv tau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov posterior Iris adhesion. Ua ntej Laser xa tawm cov kev phais neeg ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov tub ntxhais kawm raug nrhiav chaw kho kom raug thiab txo qis kev sib txuam ua haujlwm thaum lub lag luam.
Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej
Hauv Fluorescein fluorescein Fluental Frant Angiogration (FFA), cov tub ntxhais kawm ua kom ua kom pom tseeb tias tus neeg saib xyuas kev sib piv ntawm cov morphology ntawm recinal nkoj; Hauv ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) kev kuaj xyuas (tus menyuam kawm ntawv loj tuaj yeem zam tsis tau IRIS cov qauv ua kom pom tseeb lub cev.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov chaw ua ke
Kev nqus tau thiab xa tawm
Tom qab tswj hwm los ntawm lub hnab sib txawv, cov tshuaj tau nrawm nrawm los ntawm lub pob kws, thiab kev xav hauv chav ua haujlwm ntawm lub ncov roob hauv qab nws nce siab hauv 5-15 feeb. Vim yog lub pob zeb pob txha av nyhuv, qhov nruab kev nqus tau yog tsawg heev, thiab cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj rau cov ntshav feem ntau yog qhov txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv.
Metabolism thiab ua kom zoo nkauj
Feem ntau metabolized los ntawm daim siab, cov metabolites tau ua tiav los ntawm ob lub raum. Ib nrab - lub neej yog kwv yees li 2 {}}} 3}) piv rau kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev xws li atropine (3-7 hnub).
Concentration - cov txiaj ntsig kev sib raug zoo
0.5% kev xav ntau yeej yog tsim cov nyhuv medriatic, kav ntev rau 4-6 teev; 1% kev txiav txim siab muaj ob qho tib si muaj zog kho kuv ob leeg thiab ua tiav cov leeg nqaij Parentyemy, nyob rau 6-8 teev. Cov chaw kuaj mob xaiv yuav tsum yog ua raws li kev kuaj mob.
Cov kev cai lij choj thiab cov tswv yim kho mob
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos
Qhov muag khaus: kwv yees li 15% ntawm cov neeg mob qhia txog kev kub siab uas muaj kev kub ntxhov, cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj (4.5-5.8). Nws raug nquahu kom maj mam nias lub lacrimal thaj chaw rau 2 feeb tom qab tau txais kev nqus cov txheej txheem.
Photophobia: Tom qab cov tub ntxhais kawm dilation, nthuav ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj haujlwm ua rau muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo, thiab sab nraum zoov lub tsom iav lossis looj tsom iav dub.
Nyob ze lub zeem muag blurring: ciliary nqaij tuag ua rau poob ntawm kev pab kom muaj nuj nqi, kav ntev rau 4- 6 teev. Qhia rau cov neeg mob kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib ze ntawm kev siv lub qhov muag.
Tsis tshua muaj cov kev tiv thaiv
Hauv qee kis tsis tshua muaj (<0.1%), the drug may be absorbed through the nasolacrimal duct and enter the nasal cavity, causing systemic symptoms such as dry mouth and tachycardia. Special attention should be paid when administering medication to children.
Cov ntsiab lus thiab kev saib xyuas cov kev pab
Lub kaum ntse ntse -}} kev kaw lus, cov tub ntxhais kawm dilation yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Qhov muag siab yuav tsum ntsuas ua ntej tswj hwm.
Cais kab mob plawv: Lub siab ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob Bediatrict cov neeg mob Pediatrict
Kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj: kev sib xyaw ua ke xws li kev sib dhos ua ke thiab tawv muag edema yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj.
Kev Siv Txoj Kev thiab Kev Ceev Fwm
Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm cov txheej txheem
Tus neeg mob nyob hauv lawv lub nraub qaum, maj mam muab rho tawm ntawm daim tawv muag, thiab tee kua txiv 1-25% lossis 1% siab). Kaw lub qhov muag rau 2-3 feeb tom qab tau nyiaj, thiab nias lub lacrimal lub cheeb tsam nrog pob paj rwb los txo cov kev nqus kom tsawg. Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem rov ua dua txhua 5-10 feeb, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 4 zaug hauv 24 teev.
Kev xaiv cov kev xaiv siab
0.5% concentration: Haum rau sai sai cov tub ntxhais kawm dilation rau kev xeem (xws li cov nyiaj tau yees duab (nrog rau kev pib sai sai) thiab sijhawm ntev (4-6 teev).
1% concentration: siv rau kev kuaj xyuas kom ua tiav cov leeg leeg ua kom tuag tes tuag tes tuag tes tuag tes tuag taw (25-30 feeb) thiab muaj zog (6-8 teev).
Kev hloov kho rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb
Cov menyuam yaus: Cov nqi yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li lub hnub nyoog. Cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos yuav tsum ceev faj thaum siv 1% siab.
Cov neeg laus: Ua tib zoo saib rau cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas (xws li tshuaj antichormgicergic).
Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub: FDA kev faib tawm yog c, siv tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog.
Kev sib xyaw ua yeeb tshuaj
Cov tshuaj noj hauv zos
Kev sib txuas nrog cov neeg sawv cev metriatic xws li epinephrine yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub siab. Tswj cov tshuaj tsawg kawg yog 10 feeb sib nrug.
Lub cev noj tshuaj Mob phiv
Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anticholicergic (xws li Tricyclic AntideGressants) ib txhij yuav txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab ua rau muaj lub zeem muag tsaus muag.
Hu rau Lens Cov Khaub Ncaws
Cov ntsiab muag muag muag muag muag muag muag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej ua kom tau nyiaj. Rigid roj -}} Zoo nkauj pom cov ntsiab muag (RGB) tuaj yeem hnav tam sim ntawd tom qab kev txhawb nqa, tab sis qhov xwm txheej ntawm corner Edema yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.
Yim.
Kuaj pom kev tshawb fawb
Txoj Kev Loj Hlob Tshiab
Kev tshawb fawb tsom rau gel formulations nrog ncua ntev thiab txo khaus. Ib theem III cov kws kho mob sim uas 0.5% Tropicamide Gel tuaj yeem ntev ntev tus tub ntxhais kawm ua tau ntev txog 10 teev.
Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm cov tshuaj ua ke
Kev sib txuas nrog cov laus cov laus (xws li Bromomonidine) tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm pib hnub nyoog thiab txo cov kev nqus tau zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej qhia tau tias cov kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm 10 feeb.
Daim ntawv thov rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb
Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy, kev tshawb fawb tau lees tias yog kev tshuaj xyuas menyuam kawm ntawv tsis thab plaub qhov chaw ua si. Rau cov menyuam yaus lub myopia kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj hwm, cov menyuam kawm ntawv kev tshuaj xyuas ua ke nrog kev ua kom cov leeg nqaij lub siab ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txhim kho kev kuaj mob.