Tom ntej: Ampicillin Sodium CAS 69-52-3

Ampicillin sodium, ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv dav hauv kev kho mob, yog nyob rau hauv beta-lactam chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj, tshwj xeeb yog cov pab pawg penicillin. Nws yog ib qho derivative ntawm ampicillin, ua ke nrog sodium ions los txhim kho nws cov solubility thiab stability. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm Gram- zoo thiab qee qhov Gram- tsis zoo bateria, ua rau nws muaj ntau yam kev xaiv kho mob rau ntau yam kab mob.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cuam tshuam nrog inhibiting baterial cell phab ntsa synthesis los ntawm kev khi rau cov penicillin tshwj xeeb -binding proteins (PBPs). Qhov kev khi no cuam tshuam qhov tsim ntawm peptidoglycan txheej, qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qauv ntawm tes thiab kev ncaj ncees, thaum kawg ua rau cell lysis thiab baterial tuag.

Nws yog siv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis hauv qhov ncauj, nyob ntawm qhov hnyav thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yog feem ntau raug sau tseg rau kev ua pa, tso zis, kab mob plab, thiab kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv nws yuav tsum tau ceev faj rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev fab tshuaj penicillin, vim tias cross-reactivity yuav tshwm sim.

Txawm hais tias nws ua tau zoo, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal thiab lwm yam beta -lactam tshuaj tua kab mob yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb zuj zus. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev siv yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntsuam xyuas rhiab heev kom ntseeg tau tias kev kho mob tsim nyog thiab txo qis kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv. Zuag qhia tag nrho, nws tseem yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv arsenal ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, pab txhawb kev tswj cov kab mob kis thoob ntiaj teb.

Ampicillin sodium, raws li ib tug classic broad -spectrum semi synthetic penicillin tshuaj tua kab mob, tau dhau los ua ib qho tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov kab mob sib kis txij li nws tau tawm hauv xyoo 1960 nrog nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob dav dav. Nws lub npe tshuaj yog (2S, 5R, 6R) -3,3-dimethyl-6- [(R) -2-amino-2-phenylacetamide] -7-oxo-4-thio-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptan-2-carboxylic acid sodium ntsev. Nws ua rau cov kab mob bactericidal los ntawm inhibiting baterial cell phab ntsa synthesis thiab muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tiv thaiv ob qho tib si Gram zoo thiab qee cov Gram negative bateria.

Antibacterial mechanism: meej lub hom phiaj ntawm cell phab ntsa synthesis

 

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog inhibit qhov tseem ceeb enzyme koom nrog hauv baterial cell phab ntsa synthesis, transpeptidase. Lub baterial cell phab ntsa yog tsim los ntawm peptidoglycan, uas ua rau peb theem ntawm synthesis: intracellular synthesis, transmembrane thauj, thiab extracellular cross-txuas. Nws khi rau penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) los thaiv kev tsim ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-txuas ntawm peptidoglycan chains catalyzed los ntawm transpeptidase, ua rau cov txheej txheem tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv osmotic siab, bateria nthuav thiab lyse vim tsis muaj peev xwm tswj cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, thaum kawg ua rau tuag.

 

Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws muaj zog bactericidal nyhuv ntawm bateria nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob theem, thaum muaj ib tug tsis muaj zog nyhuv ntawm bateria nyob rau hauv lub dormant theem.

Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias - lactam nplhaib qauv ntawm cov khoom no yog yooj yim hydrolyzed thiab inactivated los ntawm - lactamases tsim los ntawm bateria, yog li txo nws rhiab heev rau enzyme tsim hom. Clinically, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau nthuav dav los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm - lactase inhibitors (xws li sulbactam) lossis xaiv cov enzyme resistant penicillins (xws li benzylpenicillin).

Indications: Daim ntawv thov dav dav npog ntau yam kab mob hauv lub cev

 

Antibacterial spectrum npog gram- cov kab mob zoo (xws li hemolytic streptococcus, pneumonia streptococcus, uas tsis yog enzyme tsim cov staphylococcus) thiab qee cov gram- tsis zoo bateria (xws li Haemophilus influenzae, Prospecia, Shigella, staphylococcus). uas yog cov tshuaj siv tau rau cov kab mob hauv qab no:

1. Kab mob ua pa
Kev ua pa sab saud: Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kab mob streptococcal.

 

Piv txwv li, mob tonsillitis tshwm sim los ntawm Pab Pawg A - hemolytic streptococcus tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv ntawm cov kab mob thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem xws li mob npaws thiab glomerulonephritis los ntawm inhibiting baterial loj hlob.

Kev ua pa qis: Siv rau kev kho mob bronchitis thiab mob ntsws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv kab mob Streptococcus pneumoniae thiab Haemophilus influenzae. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawmampicillin sodiumthiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob macrolide tuaj yeem npog cov kab mob atypical xws li mycoplasma thiab chlamydia, thiab txhim kho tus nqi kho ntawm zej zog- kis mob ntsws.

 

2. Cov kab mob tso zis
Nws yog ib qho tshuaj siv rau cystitis thiab pyelonephritis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kab mob xws li Escherichia coli thiab Proteus. Nws cov zis concentration siab (txog 10-100 npaug ntawm cov ntshav cov tshuaj concentration), thiab nws muaj zog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov zis acidic, ua rau nws haum rau cov kab mob me me mus rau nruab nrab. Rau cov kab mob urinary nyuaj (xws li cov pob zeb sib xyaw thiab kev cuam tshuam), kev kho mob ua ke nrog aminoglycosides lossis cephalosporins thib peb yog tsim nyog los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.

3. Kab mob plab hnyuv
Enteritis, typhoid fever, thiab paratyphoid fever tshwm sim los ntawm Salmonella thiab Shigella yog classic indications rau cov khoom.

 

Piv txwv li, thaum kho tus kab mob Salmonella typhi, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem xws li plab hnyuv los ntshav thiab perforation yuav txo tau los ntawm inhibiting baterial loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qee yam kev kho mob rau cov mob raws plab heev los ntawm Vibrio cholerae, tab sis yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau supplementing electrolytes kom kho lub cev qhuav dej.

4. Kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos
Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij xws li boils, cellulitis, thiab erysipelas tshwm sim los ntawm Staphylococcus aureus thiab Streptococcus pyogenes tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev nkag mus hauv zos. Rau kev kis mob me me, kev tswj qhov ncauj yog txaus; Cov kab mob hnyav los yog sib sib zog nqus yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob (xws li mupirocin) txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.

 

5. Kab mob ntshav ntws thiab kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev
Sepsis: Nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kab mob Enterococcus genus (xws li Enterococcus faecalis thiab Enterococcus faecalis), thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov tshuaj nyiam rau Enterococcus sepsis.
Meningitis: Rau cov kab mob meningitis tshwm sim los ntawm Haemophilus influenzae thiab Streptococcus pneumoniae, nws tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm cov ntshav -brain barrier (cerebrospinal kua concentration tuaj yeem ncav cuag 30% -50% ntawm cov ntshav tshuaj concentration), tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog thib peb -cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cephalos. hom kab mob.

 

6. Lwm yam kab mob
Endocarditis: Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm endocarditis tshwm sim los ntawm Streptococcus pyogenes, kev sib xyaw ntawm aminoglycosides (xws li gentamicin) tuaj yeem ua rau kom tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov tshwm sim.
Kev kis kab mob hauv lub cev: Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus siab hauv cov kua tsib thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob cholecystitis thiab cholangitis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kab mob los ntawm Escherichia coli thiab Klebsiella.
Kev kis kab mob hauv lub cev: Urethritis thiab cervicitis tshwm sim los ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae (tsis yog enzyme tsim tawm),ampicillin sodiumtuaj yeem siv los ua lwm yam tshuaj kho mob, tab sis kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau cov teeb meem tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Vim nws cov kab mob dav dav, nws feem ntau siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev, nrog rau cov kab mob ua pa, kab mob plab, kab mob urinary, mob nqaij mos, kab mob endocarditis, meningitis, thiab sepsis. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm Streptococcus pyogenes lossis Streptococcus pneumoniae thiab penicillin- tiv taus Staphylococcus aureus.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Kab Mob

 

Feem ntau siv hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm tes los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev. Nws tsim ib puag ncig uas yog hostile rau bateria, yog li tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm kev kis kab mob.

Kev Kho Mob Cell

 

Los ntawm inhibiting baterial kev loj hlob, nws pab tswj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev vam meej ntawm cov kab lis kev cai. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes, kev sib txawv, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem lom neeg.

Nws yog sib xws nrog ntau yam xov xwm kab lis kev cai ntawm tes, nrog rau cov uas muaj cov ntshav los yog lwm yam kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam lossis tsis sib haum ua ntej siv.

Cov tshuaj beta-lactam yog ib chav dav dav ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj cov beta-lactam nplhaib, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev tshawb pom ntawm beta-lactam tshuaj tua kab mob, tshwj xeeb yog penicillin, yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm kho mob. Txij li thaum nws nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1928, penicillin tau cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej los ntawm kev muab kev kho mob rau cov kab mob tuag taus thiab kab mob baterial.

Kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau ua los soj ntsuam thiab ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom ua ke nrog sulbactam hauv kev kho mob ntsws. Ib qho kev soj ntsuam randomized tau ua nrog 40 tus neeg mob kuaj mob ntsws ntsws hauv tsev kho mob thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2013 thiab Kaum Ob Hlis 2014. Cov neeg mob tau muab faib ua ob pawg: pawg tswj hwm thiab pab pawg kawm. Pab pawg tswj hwm tau txais kev kho mob Mezlocillin sodium, thaum pab pawg kawm tau txais nws nrog kev kho mob Sulbactam. Cov kev kho mob ntawm ob pawg tau muab piv rau tom qab ntawd.

• Kev ua tau zoo: Cov kev kho mob ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb tau ntau dua li hauv pawg tswj hwm. Tshwj xeeb, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo hauv pab pawg kawm tau zoo dua, qhia tias nws ua ke nrog Sulbactam tau zoo dua hauv kev kho mob ntsws.
• Cov tsos mob nyem: Lub sijhawm ua npaws kub hnyiab, hnoos ploj, thiab pulmonary rales disappearance yog luv luv nyob rau hauv pab pawg kawm piv rau pawg tswj. Qhov no qhia tias nws ua ke nrog Sulbactam tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob sai sai hauv cov neeg mob ntsws.
• Statistical tseem ceeb: Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob thiab lub sij hawm txo cov tsos mob ntawm ob pab pawg yog qhov tseem ceeb (P<0.05), further confirming the clinical significance in the treatment of pneumonia.

Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb soj ntsuam pom tau tias nws ua ke nrog Sulbactam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob ntsws. Nws tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob sai sai thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus neeg mob. Yog li ntawd, xws li kev kho mob muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob hauv kev tswj cov kab mob ntsws.

Lub discovery ntawmampicillin sodiumtuaj yeem taug qab mus rau kev txhim kho thaum ntxov ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Tom qab qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm penicillin los ntawm Alexander Fleming hauv xyoo 1928, cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tau pib taug kev los tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim tshuaj tua kab mob ntau dua. Ampicillin, raws li ib tug derivative ntawm penicillin, tom qab ntawd tsim los ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj los txhim kho nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab txo cov kev mob tshwm sim. Nws tau nkag mus rau hauv kev kho mob hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, dhau los ua lub hauv paus hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob.

Txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Nrog kev nce ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob- cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau kev hloov kho cov khoom los tawm tsam cov kab mob loj no. Qhov no suav nrog kev tsim cov derivatives tshiab thiab kev sib txuas nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom nthuav dav nws cov kev ua ub no thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Biotechnological ntau lawm: Kev siv zog ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom siv cov txheej txheem biotechnological. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob los txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom.

Nanotechnology kev koom ua ke: Kev koom ua ke ntawm nanotechnology nrog nws yog ib qho kev cog lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Nanoparticles tuaj yeem siv los ntim cov tshuaj tua kab mob, txhim kho nws qhov ruaj khov, solubility, thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw muaj kab mob.

Pharmacodynamics thiab Pharmacokinetics: Nyob rau hauv - kev tshawb fawb tob ntawm cov tshuaj pharmacodynamics thiab pharmacokinetics tseem txuas ntxiv kom nkag siab zoo dua nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, nqus, faib, metabolism, thiab tawm hauv lub cev.

Cim npe nrov: ampicillin sodium CAS 69-52-3, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom