Shaanxi BLOOM Tech Co., Ltd. yog ib tug ntawm cov uas paub txog manufacturers thiab lwm tus neeg ntawm penicillin g poov tshuaj ntsev cas 113-98-4 nyob Suav teb. Txais tos rau cov lag luam wholesale bulk zoo penicillin g poov tshuaj ntsev cas 113-98-4 muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Kev pabcuam zoo thiab tus nqi tsim nyog muaj.
Penicillin G potassium ntsevtseem hu ua penicillin lossis penicillin potassium. CAS 113-98-4, Molecular formula C16H17KN2O4S, cov khoom no yog cov hmoov dawb crystalline tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw lossis tsw tshwj xeeb me ntsis, thiab muaj hygroscopicity. Yooj yim rau yaj hauv dej, physiological saline, thiab kua qab zib. Kev daws dej yog qhov ua tsis tiav thaum khaws cia hauv chav tsev kub thiab poob sai sai thaum raug cov kua qaub, alkalis, oxidants, thiab lwm yam Penicillin muaj cov kab mob zoo tiv thaiv kab mob Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, thiab Staphylococcus aureus uas tsis tsim penicillinase. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob nruab nrab tiv thaiv Enterococcus. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis, Actinomyces bovis, Candida albicans, Listeria monocytogenes, Leptospira, thiab Treponema pallidum yog rhiab heev rau cov khoom no.
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Tshuaj Formula |
C4H6O4 Pd |
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Exact Mass |
224 |
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Molecular Luj |
225 |
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m/z |
224 (100.0%), 226 (96.8%), 223 (81.7%), 228 (42.9%), 222 (40.8%), 225 (4.3%), 227 (4.2%), 220 (3.7%), 224 (3.5%), 229 (1.9%), 223 (1.8%) |
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 21.40; H, 2,69; 28.50 Nws; Ib., 47.40 |
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Cov khoom no kuj muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv Haemophilus influenzae thiab Bordetes pertussis. Lwm yam Gram negative aerobic lossis facultative anaerobic cov kab mob tsis tshua nkag siab rau cov khoom no. Cov khoom no muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau cov kab mob anaerobic xws li Clostridium difficile, Streptococcus pyogenes, thiab Bacteroidetes niger, tab sis cov kab mob tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo Bacteroidetes. Penicilln G potassium ntsev exerts nws cov kab mob bactericidal los ntawm inhibiting lub synthesis ntawm cov kab mob cell phab ntsa.
Penicillin G potassium ntsevib hom tshuaj penicillin, teej tug mus rau beta lactam chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws ua tiav cov nyhuv bactericidal los ntawm inhibiting cov synthesis ntawm cov kab mob cell phab ntsa. Tabilin muaj cov kab mob dav dav thiab muaj cov kab mob zoo rau cov kab mob Gram zoo thiab qee cov kab mob Gram tsis zoo.
Pharmacological mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim
Lub pharmacological mechanism ntawm penicillin poov tshuaj yog tsuas yog los inhibit lub synthesis ntawm cov kab mob cell phab ntsa. Lub phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob kom tswj tau lawv cov morphology thiab kev ncaj ncees, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm peptidoglycans. Tabilin inhibits qhov kev ua ntawm transpeptidase, tiv thaiv tus ntoo khaub lig-txuas ntawm peptidoglycan thiab cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob, ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov phab ntsa tawg, ua rau cov khoom siv sab hauv, thiab thaum kawg ua rau cov kab mob tuag.
Antibacterial spectrum
Tabilin muaj cov kab mob dav dav thiab feem ntau muaj cov kab mob zoo rau cov kab mob hauv qab no:
Gram positive bacteria:
Streptococcus genus: suav nrog Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob no feem ntau ua rau cov kab mob xws li pharyngitis, tonsillitis, mob ntsws, otitis media, meningitis, endocarditis, thiab lwm yam.
Staphylococcus genus: Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo ntawm Staphylococcus uas tsis tsim cov enzymes penicillin. Staphylococcus yog ib hom kab mob uas ua rau muaj kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mob ntsws, sepsis, thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Enterococcus genus: muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob nruab nrab tiv thaiv kab mob Enterococcus. Enterococcus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob urinary, kab mob plab, thiab lwm yam.
Gram negative bacteria:
Neisseria genus: suav nrog Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob no feem ntau ua rau muaj kab mob xws li gonorrhea thiab meningitis.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Nws yog cov kab mob pathogenic uas ua rau kab mob diphtheria.
Lwm cov kab mob xws li Bacillus anthracis thiab Clostridium tetani kuj rhiab heev rau penicillin potassium.
Daim ntawv thov kho mob
Penicillin G potassium ntsevFeem ntau yog siv kho mob los kho ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev, suav nrog:
Cov kab mob ua pa: xws li pharyngitis, tonsillitis, mob ntsws, otitis media, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob xws li streptococcus thiab staphylococcus, tabilin muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau lawv.
Cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos, xws li abscesses, cellulitis, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob xws li Staphylococcus aureus, uas yog rhiab heev rau tabilin thiab siv tau rau kev kho mob.
Cov kab mob hauv cov zis thiab cov menyuam yaus: xws li kab mob urinary, kab mob gonorrhea, thiab lwm yam. Gonorrhea yog tshwm sim los ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae, uas yog rhiab heev rau penicillin potassium thiab siv tau los kho gonorrhea.
Cov kab mob neurological, xws li mob meningitis. Meningitis feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob xws li Neisseria meningitidis. Tabilin rhiab heev rau nws thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho tus mob meningitis.
Lwm yam kab mob: xws li anthrax, tetanus, gas gangrene, syphilis, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb lossis spirochetes, thiab tabilin rhiab rau lawv thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob no.
Tabilin muaj daim ntawv thov dav hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev. Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev siv tabilin:
Kab mob ua pa:
Hemolytic streptococcal kab mob: Tabilin yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, cellulitis, thiab puerperal fever los ntawm hemolytic streptococci. Cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim raws li cov tsos mob xws li mob caj pas, ua npaws, ua pob liab vog, thiab lwm yam. TTabilin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kab mob loj hlob sai, txo cov tsos mob, thiab txhawb kev rov zoo.
Kab mob Streptococcus pneumoniae: Tabilin muaj kev kho mob zoo rau cov kab mob xws li mob ntsws, otitis media, meningitis, thiab bacteremia los ntawm Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cov kab mob no feem ntau hnyav dua thiab xav tau kev kho mob raws sij hawm kom tsis txhob mob hnyav dua.
Kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos:
Penicillin Potassium tuaj yeem siv los kho cov tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos uas kis tau los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev, xws li abscesses, boils, thiab abscesses. Cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv zos liab, mob, ua npaws, thiab lwm yam tsos mob. Penicillin potassium tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob sai sai, txo qhov mob, thiab txhawb kev kho mob.
Lwm yam kab mob:
Penicillin potassium kuj tseem siv tau los kho cov kab mob sib kis xws li anthrax, tetanus, gas gangrene, syphilis, relapsing fever thiab diphtheria.
Cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb lossis spirochetes, thiab penicillin potassium tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob sai sai, txo cov tsos mob, thiab txhawb kev rov zoo.
Cov kab mob urinary thiab reproductive system:
Penicillin potassium kuj muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau qee yam kab mob ntawm cov zis thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev, xws li gonorrhea. Gonorrhea yog kab mob sib deev los ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kab mob loj hlob sai, txo cov tsos mob, thiab tiv thaiv tus mob kom tsis zoo.
Penicillin G potassium ntsevRaws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntsev daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob veticillin, nws txoj kev synthesis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau purity, yield, thiab ntau lawm efficiency ntawm cov tshuaj. Tam sim no, txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj veticillin poov tshuaj feem ntau yog muab faib ua peb pawg: txoj kev rho tawm ntuj, chemical semi synthesis method, thiab fermentation chemical ua ke txoj kev, txhua tus raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem ntws.
Natural extraction method: tsoos txheej txheem raws li biosynthesis
Txoj kev rho tawm ntuj siv Aspergillus flavus ua cov kab ntau lawm los npaj cov veticillin potassium los ntawm fermentation, pom, extraction, thiab ntsev tsim cov kauj ruam. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog ua raws li microbial metabolism uas ua rau veticillin G (cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj veticillin), uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntsev ntsev los ntawm kev siv tshuaj.
Kev cog qoob loo: Inoculate Aspergillus flavus mus rau cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab cog ntawm 25℃rau 7-10 hnub kom tau txais kab lis kev cai; Tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau lub noob tank thiab cog ntawm 27℃rau 24-28 teev los npaj cov noob daws.
Fermentation ntau lawm: Hloov cov noob kua rau hauv lub tank fermentation, ntxiv phenylacetic acid precursor thiab nutrient matrix, thiab cog ntawm 27℃rau 7 hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm fermentation txheej txheem, qabzib, ammonium ntsev, thiab lwm yam tshuaj yuav tsum tau ntxiv, thiab lub substrate concentration yuav tsum tau tswj los ntawm kev khiav tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam inhibitory.
Lim extraction: Tom qab txias lub fermentation broth, lim tawm cov kab mob. Cov lim dej yog raug rau ntau-theem countercurrent extraction nrog butyl acetate ntawm pH 2.0-2.5 kom tau txais butyl ester extract uas muaj veticillin G.
Salt crystallization: Hloov cov butyl ester extract rau hauv pH 7.0-7.2 tsis muaj tshuaj thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau theem butyl ester; Ntxiv poov tshuaj hydroxide tov rau neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov veticillin potassium; Tom qab ntawd, veticillin poov tshuaj tau yaj nyob rau hauv cov dej tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev azeotropic distillation lub cev qhuav dej. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej txo qis, cov tshuaj supersaturated tau tsim, thiab cov muaju yog thaum kawg precipitated.
Qhov zoo:
Kev siv thev naus laus zis, tus nqi qis, haum rau loj- teev ntau lawm; Los ntawm kev siv batch fermentation thev naus laus zis nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv, cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem txhim kho thiab inhibitory nyhuv ntawm substrate tuaj yeem zam tau.
Kev txwv:
Lub voj voog fermentation ntev (kwv yees li 7 hnub), muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob degradation thiab kis kab mob; Cov txheej txheem rho tawm yuav tsum muaj ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic, uas ua rau ib puag ncig siab.
Ib lub tuam txhab siv cov txheej txheem rho tawm los tsim tabilin. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation (xws li tswj cov pa oxygen concentration siab tshaj 30% saturation thiab stabilizing tus nqi pH ntawm ib ncig ntawm 6.5), chav fermentation tau nce mus rau 80000 U / mL, thiab crystallization yield mus txog 85%.
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj semi-synthesis: txheej txheem niaj hnub nyob ib puag ncig 6-APA
Cov tshuaj semi hluavtaws siv 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) ua ib qho nruab nrab thiab nthuav qhia cov kab sib txawv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acylation los npaj ntau yam khoom siv hluavtaws, nrog rau tabilin. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog raws li kev hloov kho tshuaj ntawm veticillin molecular qauv, uas tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb.
6-APA npaj:
Biological enzyme hydrolysis txoj kev:
Nws los yog V yog hydrolyzed siv veticillin acylase, thiab reacted ntawm 40-50℃thiab pH 8-10 los tsim 6-APA thiab phenylacetic acid los yog phenoxyacetic acid.
Tshuaj cracking method:
Nws tau tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj reagents (xws li nitrous acid), tab sis tus nqi siab thiab muaj ntau yam los ntawm - khoom, yog li nws daim ntawv thov kev lag luam raug txwv.
Side chain introduction:
6-APA yog condensed nrog acyl chloride derivatives ntawm sab saw acids (xws li phenoxyacetic acid) nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob los tsim veticillin V acid; Tom qab ntawd neutralize nrog potassium hydroxide los tsim penicillin V potassium.
Crystallization purification:
Further purification of veticillin V potassium by evaporation crystallization or azeotropic distillation crystallization techniques to remove impurities.
Qhov zoo:
Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam semi hluavtaws veticillins thiab nthuav cov kab mob tua kab mob; Cov txheej txheem siab hloov tau, haum rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab.
Kev txwv:
Tus nqi npaj ntawm 6-APA kuj yog siab heev thiab yuav tsum muaj kev cia siab rau kev siv tshuab enzyme lom lossis cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tawg; Cov kauj ruam synthesis ntawm sab chains yog complex thiab yuav tsum tau nruj tswj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej yam kev mob.
Ib lub tuam txhab tsim cov tshuaj penicillin V poov tshuaj los ntawm chemical semi synthesis method, thiab siv immobilized veticillin acylase hydrolyze penicillin G. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 6-APA nce mus txog 92%; Tom qab ntawd, nws tau condensed nrog phenoxyacetic acid chloride, thiab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm penicillin V potassium tau nce mus rau 77%.
Fermentation chemical ua ke txoj kev: txoj hauv kev tshiab los txhim kho cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj
Cov txheej txheem fermentation chemical ua ke ua ke nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm thiab tshuaj semi synthesis los tsim penicillin G lossis V los ntawm fermentation, uas yog tom qab ntawd hloov kho thiab hloov mus rau hauv tabilin. Nws txoj hauv kev yog ua raws li kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, aiming kom nce yield thiab txo nqi.
Fermentation ntawm penicillin G / V: Lub fermentation broth ntawm penicillin G los yog V yog npaj los ntawm fermenting nrog Aspergillus flavus.
Kev hloov kho tshuaj:
Kev hloov pauv ntawmpenicillin G poov tshuaj ntsev: Reacting veticillin extract nrog potassium hydroxide los tsim tabilin; Purification los ntawm azeotropic distillation crystallization.
Penicillin V rau potassium ntsev conversion: Nws yog siv los ua raw khoom los npaj penicillin V poov tshuaj los ntawm neutralization, decolorization, crystallization thiab lwm yam.
Crystallization optimization: Los ntawm kev tswj tsis tau xws li distillation ceev, stirring ceev, thiab butanol ntxiv txoj kev, lub crystallization yield tuaj yeem txhim kho. Piv txwv li, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau nce cov crystallization tawm los ntawm penicillin V poov tshuaj los ntawm 2.12% los ntawm kev ntxiv 0.3% EDTA-Na2 ua ib qho stabilizer.
Qhov zoo:
Kev sib xyaw fermentation thiab tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txhim kho kev siv cov khoom siv raw; Cov txheej txheem optimization tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov khoom zoo.
Kev txwv:
Yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm fermentation thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov kauj ruam, nrog rau cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.
Ib lub tuam txhab siv cov tshuaj fermentation ua ke los tsim tabilin. Los ntawm optimizing lub fermentation tej yam kev mob (xws li yaj oxygen tswj, pH hloov) thiab crystallization txheej txheem (xws li segmented stirring, butanol gradient ntxiv), tag nrho cov yield ntawm tabilin nce mus txog 88%, thiab cov khoom purity tshaj 99.5%.
Cim npe nrov: Penicillin g potassium ntsev cas 113-98-4, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom