Vitamin K2 hmoov, tseem hu ua Menatetrenone, yog ib txwm tshwm sim k2 menatetrenone muaj menadione cov qauv yooj yim thiab los tiv thaiv los ntshav. Xyoo 1929, Dame pom tias muaj ob hom vitamin K hauv qhov xwm txheej, K1 thiab K2, ob qho tib si yog cov tshuaj naphthoquinone. Cov khoom no yog siv lead ua daj lossis oily kua, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv organic solvents thiab zaub roj, tshav kub-resistant, tab sis yooj yim rau puas los ntawm lub teeb. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb cov synthesis ntawm prothrombin hauv lub siab, tswj cov synthesis ntawm coagulation yam VII, IX thiab X, thiab ua kom cov ntshav coagulation. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov piam thaj phosphorylation hauv cov hlwb. Hauv qee cov kab mob (xws li Mycobacterium), nws tuaj yeem siv los ua ib feem ntawm cov kab mob ua pa. Tom qab deficiency, lub sij hawm coagulation yog ntev, yog li thaum muaj kev raug mob, nws yuav los ntshav ntau tshaj ib zaug. Tib neeg thiab tsiaj cov kab mob hauv plab tuaj yeem ua ke, yog li nws feem ntau tsis yooj yim kom tsis muaj peev xwm. Ntshav, ntses, nqaij thiab zaub nplooj ntsuab xws li zaub qhwv thiab spinach muaj ntau.
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Melting point 350C, Boiling point 494.59℃C (kev kwv yees ntxhib), ntom 1.0461 (kev kwv yees ntxhib), Refractive Performance index 1.5045 (kwv yees), Flash point 2 degree, Cia tej yam kev mob -20℃C, Morphological zoo, InChIKeyDKHGMERDICUN;{ Hazard description h225-h302+h312+h332-h319, Kev ceev faj p210-p280-p305+p351+p338, Kev nyab xeeb cov lus qhia 22-24/25, Dangerous goods transport No. UN 1648 3 / KTE CS2, Germany No. ql9279500, Toxicity LD50 intrinsic in dog: > 40ml/kg.
Tib neeg cov kab mob hauv plab tuaj yeem tsim tetraenomenadione (vitamin K2), yog li tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis txaus ntawm lub sijhawm zoo li qub. Txawm li cas los xij, menatetrenone k2 deficiency yuav tshwm sim los ntawm qhov ntev - noj cov tshuaj sulfa lossis tshuaj tua kab mob los tiv thaiv cov kab mob, lossis txhua qhov xwm txheej uas ua rau kev nqus cov lipids tsis zoo, xws li cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov quav rog, tropical diarrhea, pancreatic dysfunction, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau tsis muaj kev raug mob me me tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg mob tsis muaj kev phom sij. thiab cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj vitamin K ua ntej ua haujlwm. Cov kab mob plab hnyuv sterility ntawm cov menyuam mos yug tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov menyuam yug tshiab los ntshav vim tsis muaj K, uas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum muaj cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv. Kev txhaj tshuaj K rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem tiv thaiv. Yog tias nws raug txhaj ncaj qha rau cov menyuam mos, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dhau ntawm ib zaug kom tsis txhob muaj hyperbilirubinemia thiab jaundice. Tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov vitamin K tsis txaus rau cov neeg laus yog tias cov roj hauv plab tau zoo absorbed.
Nws paub zoo tias cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj vitamin K tau txo qis prothrombin hauv cov ntshav thiab lub sijhawm coagulation ntev. Yog li, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm K yog los txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm prothrombin hauv daim siab. Tom qab xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tias vitamin K kuj txhawb kev tsim cov coagulation yam Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ hauv daim siab. Thaum tsis muaj K, cov txheej txheem coagulation no yuav txo qis. Vim li no, thaum muaj mob qog noj ntshav lossis mob cirrhosis, daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg raug puas tsuaj loj thiab lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias muab vitamin K, nws kuj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Cov txheej txheem biochemical ntawm vitamin K tau sib cav. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau raug txiav txim siab tias nws tsis txhawb nqa biosynthesis ntawm prothrombin, tab sis tsuas yog sib koom ua ke 10 glutamate residues ntawm N-terminal ntawm prothrombin precursor molecule Carboxylation hloov mus rau hauv prothrombin uas tuaj yeem khi rau ca2+. pom tseeb Carboxylated glutamate 4} cov khoom seem rau cov khoom seem. Carboxylation yuav tsum tau vitamin K. Carboxylation tej zaum yuav dav. Vitamin K ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm plaub coagulation yam.
Tetraenoquinone yog daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm vitamin K1 thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Nws tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub ntsuab, xws li spinach, zaub qhwv, peas, thiab lwm yam. Nws cov ntsiab lus hauv cov zaub ntsuab muaj feem xyuam rau yam xws li zaub ntau yam, kev loj hlob, thiab kev kho tom qab sau qoob. Tetraene naphthoquinone kuj tau siv dav hauv thaj chaw xws li tshuaj, zaub mov, thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.
1. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj
Tetraene naphthoquinone feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob los ntshav los ntawm vitamin K tsis muaj peev xwm, xws li los ntshav hauv menyuam yaus thiab lig - pib ntshav vitamin K tsis txaus los ntshav. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los kho kab mob siab, gallstones thiab lwm yam kab mob. Tetraene naphthoquinone kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob thrombotic.
2. Hauv kev noj zaub mov
Tetraene naphthalene quinone feem ntau yog ntxiv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus muaj zog ntxiv rau tib neeg lub cev qhov kev thov rau vitamin K1. Vitamin K1 yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov as-ham rau tib neeg lub cev, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm lub cev thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Khoom noj khoom haus fortification nrog ntxiv ntawm tetrahydroquinone tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tib neeg lub cev xav tau vitamin K1 thiab txhim kho kev nqus thiab siv lwm yam khoom noj. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev pub tsiaj los txhim kho tsiaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, tetraenoquinone yog ib qho tseem ceeb lipid soluble vitamin uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Vim nws txoj haujlwm physiological uas nws kim heev thiab daim ntawv thov tus nqi, tetraene naphthalene quinone tau txais kev saib xyuas thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv cov teb xws li tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab lwm yam.
Ib txoj hauv kev los ua kevitamin K2 hmoovsuav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
Ntxiv menadione monoacetate, ether organic hnyav, boron trifluoride · ether, ntxiv geranyl linanol hauv ob peb zaug, thiab ntxuav nrog dej, 5% sodium bicarbonate thiab 5% sodium chloride tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom tau txais nyob rau hauv kauj ruam (1), ntxiv toluene, ntxiv dej nyob rau hauv stirring, poov tshuaj hydroxide, sodium hydroxide thiab methanol;
Ntxiv dej thiab poov tshuaj hydroxide rau cov organic hnyav ntawm cov khoom tau txais nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam (2), poob tshuaj oxidant, thiab mloog zoo nyob rau hauv lub siab txo kom tau cov khoom kawg Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tsim yog tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov vitamin K2 yog optimized los ntawm ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, thiab qhov nyiam hnyav thiab oxidant tau txiav txim siab Cov khoom tsim tau yooj yim npaj txoj kev, tsis muaj nqi thiab yog tsim nyog.
Cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev sib txuas ntawm K2MK tetraene naphthalene quinone, koom nrog kev lag luam tshuaj, suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
Cov kauj ruam no suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm aromatic camphor bromide, tab sis tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab kev sib npaug.
C11H8O2+C2H4O2+C5H6→ Reactant A
a. Ntxiv naphthoquinone thiab glacial acetic acid rau hauv peb lub raj mis caj dab.
b. Ntxiv cyclopentadiene dropwise thaum lub sij hawm stirring.
c. Tom qab lub dripping tiav, txuas ntxiv stirring. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav lawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog distilled nyob rau hauv lub siab txo kom rov qab glacial acetic acid thiab tau txais cov niam cawv.
C4H9KO + CH2Cl2+ niam cawv + geranyl camphor bromide → txheej txheej tshuaj tiv thaiv
a. Ntxiv cov poov tshuaj tert butanol thiab anhydrous dichloromethane rau lwm lub raj mis peb lub caj dab thiab do nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm anhydrous thiab oxygen dawb nitrogen gas.
b. Txuas ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ntxiv niam cawv thiab geranyl camphor bromide dropwise hauv qab nplawm.
c. Tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej txheej, nrog rau hauv qab txheej ntxuav nrog NaCl saturated tov.
d. Tom qab kev kho lub cev qhuav dej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv deprotection tau ua tiav kom tau txais cov khoom nyoos ntawm K2MK tetraene naphthalene quinone.
K2MK tetraenomenadione crude khoom + deprotection reagent → K2MK tetraenomenadione
a. Recrystallize cov khoom nyoos ntau zaus nrog ethanol.
b. Ua kom qis-lub tshuab nqus tsev kom qhuav.
c. Tau txais - zoo K2MK tetraene naphthalene quinone.
Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb zaj dab neeg ntawm Vitamin K2 hmoov tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb nyob rau xyoo pua 20th. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb:
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1. Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Vitamin K2
Cov kev tshawb pom ua ntej:
Xyoo 1928, tus kws tshawb fawb Danish Henrik Damm tau pib kawm txog "cholesterol metabolism hauv cov menyuam qaib". Nws pom tias cov menyuam qaib noj cov zaub mov tsis muaj roj cholesterol yuav ua rau cov ntshav hauv lawv cov tawv nqaij, cov leeg, thiab lwm yam kabmob. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv cov roj cholesterol kom huv rau cov zaub mov tsis thim rov qab qhov kev mob ntshav no. Damm speculates tias qhov no yuav tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam tsis paub.
Lub npe thiab kev sib cais:
Nyob rau hauv 1935, Dam tau muab lub npe tshiab no cov roj soluble tshuaj "Vitamin K", qhov twg "K" yog muab los ntawm thawj tsab ntawv ntawm German lo lus "Koagulation" (coagulation).
Xyoo 1939, American chemist Edward Adelbert Doyce ntse cais vitamin K thiab txiav txim siab nws cov qauv tshuaj. Cov vitamin K cais tawm ntawm alfalfa yog hu ua K1, thaum cov vitamin K cais los ntawm cov ntses lwj yog hu ua K2, thiab ob qho tib si muaj cov qauv sib txawv me ntsis.
Nobel nqi zog hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj:
Xyoo 1943, Dam thiab Doisie tau sib koom ua ke muab khoom plig Nobel hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj rau lawv txoj kev koom tes rau vitamin K (K1 thiab K2). Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev nkag siab tsawg ntawm cov vitamin K nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov vitamin K1 thiab vitamin K2, yog li ob qho tib si tau muab cais ua vitamin K. Qhov kev paub txog kev txwv no ua rau tsis quav ntsej nws nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, hu ua 'vitamin tsis nco qab'.
2. Cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb ntawm vitamin K2
Rediscovering thiab Recognizing:
Txawm hais tias vitamin K2 tau raug saib xyuas rau lub sijhawm ntev, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb tob zuj zus, tib neeg tau maj mam paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws hauv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog txhawm rau qhib osteocalcin hauv cov pob txha thiab matrix Gla protein (MGP) hauv cov hlab ntsha, yog li muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm physiological:
Vitamin K2 tuaj yeem qhib cov matrix glutamate protein (MGP) thiab osteocalcin, thauj calcium ions los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau cov pob txha, pab kom cov pob txha calcium uas tsim nyog, thiab ua tiav "calcium induced osteogenesis". Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau nthuav dav dav rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm nws hauv cov pob txha noj qab haus huv.
Lub caij no, vitamin K2 tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hlab ntsha calcification, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob txha, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tib neeg cov hlab plawv thiab cerebrovascular noj qab haus huv. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov plaques ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ua rau cov hlab ntsha mos, tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha, thiab yog li txo qis kev tuag ntawm cov hlab plawv.
3. Khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov txheej txheem ntxiv:
Vitamin K2 muaj nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev, tab sis lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov vitamin K2 nws tus kheej. Nws yog tsuas yog tau los ntawm cov khoom noj thiab fermentation ntawm plab microbiota. Hauv kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub, nws tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj siv mis, qe, thiab cov khoom noj fermented xws li yogurt, natto, cheese, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, natto yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm nws.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua ke hauv plab los ntawm cov zej zog microbial, tab sis cov nyiaj synthesized yog deb ntawm qhov tib neeg lub cev xav tau. Yog li ntawd, rau cov tib neeg uas xav tau kev pab ntxiv ntawm nws, noj cov tshuaj ntxiv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.
4. Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub thiab kev siv:
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog kev tshawb fawb tob zuj zus ntawm vitamin K2, nws tau pom tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws thiab ntau yam kab mob. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv thov kev cia siab ntawm nws nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob no attracted ntau xim. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pob txha noj qab haus huv, nws tau dav siv los kho thiab tiv thaiv osteoporosis; Hais txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab cerebrovascular, vitamin K2 kuj suav hais tias yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob arteriosclerosis.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm nws yog tag nrho ntawm kev sib tw thiab tig. Los ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom thawj zaug mus rau nws daim ntawv thov dav dav niaj hnub no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws hauv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tau maj mam lees paub los ntawm tib neeg. Nrog kev txuas ntxiv mus rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv, nws ntseeg tias nws yuav ua kom pom nws cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm hauv ntau thaj chaw.
FAQ
1. Puas yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Vitamin K2 hmoov ntawm cov hlab plawv puas yog nyob ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas?
Nws tsis yog linear kiag li. MK-7 hom K2 tuaj yeem ua kom zoo li matrix Gla protein nyob rau hauv ib hnub ntawm 100-200 micrograms. Kev noj zaub mov ntau dhau yuav tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv tab sis hloov pauv lub nra ntawm cov metabolism.
2. Cov hmoov puas yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov bioavailability?
Cov hmoov daim ntawv yog ntau dua rau cov teebmeem ntawm lub teeb thiab oxidation. Piv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj ntsiav, yog tias cov hmoov tau noj ncaj qha yam tsis muaj kev cia khoom zoo lossis yog tias nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub plab acid ntev dhau lawm, qee qhov ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag tuaj yeem degrade ntxov ntxov.
3. Lub luag hauj lwm "calcium guidance" ntawm K2 puas tuaj yeem txhais ntau dhau?
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Txawm hais tias K2 tuaj yeem txhawb nqa calcium deposition hauv cov pob txha es tsis yog cov hlab ntsha, nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev thim rov qab tsim cov calcification ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog txwv, thiab cov pob txha noj qab haus huv tseem yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov vitamins D3, magnesium, thiab lwm yam.
4. Puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw fermentation (natto) thiab cov tshuaj ua ke K2?
MK-7 muab tau los ntawm fermentation muaj natural optical isomers. Nws cov haujlwm lom neeg thiab ib nrab ntawm lub neej yog qhov zoo tshaj rau qee cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws, thiab nws kuj muaj cov kab ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus nqi feem ntau yog siab dua.
Cim npe nrov: vitamin k2 hmoov cas 863-61-6, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom