Shaanxi BLOOM Tech Co., Ltd. yog ib qho ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom ntawm glucagon hmoov cas 16941-32-5 hauv Suav teb. Txais tos rau cov lag luam wholesale zoo siab glucagon hmoov cas 16941-32-5 muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Kev pabcuam zoo thiab tus nqi tsim nyog muaj.
Glucagon hmoovyog ib hom tshuaj insulin uas tsim los ntawm pancreas Cov tshuaj hormones zais los ntawm cov hlwb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peptide hormone. Nws yog cov khoom tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw uas muaj nyob rau hauv crystalline daim ntawv. Nws cov qauv molecular tsis muaj cov ntawv cog lus disulfide, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus intramolecular disulfide, tab sis tsuas yog tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus intermolecular disulfide. Molecular formula C153H225N43O49S CAS CAS NO 16941-32{13}}5. Qhov hnyav molecular kuj me me, ntawm 2938 Daltons, muaj 29 amino acid residues, suav nrog 19 glutamic acid residues. Nws muaj N-terminal thiab C-terminal, nrog rau N-terminal yog cov amino davhlau ya nyob twg thiab C-terminal yog carboxyl davhlau ya nyob twg. Glucagon yog soluble hauv dej, tab sis nws solubility tsis siab. Nws tsim cov kua daj daj hauv dej, tab sis nws cov solubility qis dua hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ethanol thiab acetone. Lub molecular conformation yog tsuas yog txiav txim los ntawm nws cov amino acid sequence. Nws muaj N-terminal thiab C-terminal, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm glucagon tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm nws txoj kev khi rau receptors. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm tib neeg lub cev, koom nrog kev tswj cov ntshav qab zib kom ruaj khov, tswj cov tshuaj insulin secretion, thiab txhawb kev zom cov rog thiab cov protein. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm kev ntxhov siab, nws tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab.
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Customized Bottle Caps Thiab Corks:
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Glucagon hmoovyog ib hom tshuaj insulin tsim los ntawm pancreas Hormones secreted los ntawm cov hlwb muaj ntau yam kev siv. Hauv qab no yog kev siv glucagon:
1. Txhawb nqa glycogen tawg: Glucagon tuaj yeem txhawb kev tawg ntawm daim siab glycogen thiab inhibit qhov synthesis ntawm daim siab glycogen, yog li ua kom cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj cov ntshav qab zib kom ruaj khov, vim tias cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav yuav txo qis thaum tshaib plab lossis kev ntxhov siab, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm glucagon tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.
2. Txhawb kev rog rog: Glucagon tuaj yeem txhawb kev rog rog thiab ua kom muaj cov rog rog hauv cov ntshav, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj lub zog thiab kev sib npaug hauv lub cev.
3. Txhawb nqa cov protein ua kom tawg: Glucagon tuaj yeem txhawb kev zom cov protein thiab ua kom muaj cov amino acids hauv cov ntshav, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kho lub cev.
4. Tswj cov tshuaj insulin secretion: Glucagon tuaj yeem tswj cov tshuaj insulin secretion thiab txhawb kev tso tawm insulin. Insulin yog ib yam tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav qab zib, thaum glucagon tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov tshuaj insulin, yog li tswj cov ntshav qab zib kom ruaj khov.
5. Kev koom tes hauv kev ntxhov siab: Hauv cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab xws li kev kis kab mob, kev raug mob, kev phais, thiab lwm yam, kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon nce, yog li ua rau lub cev muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev ntxhov siab.
6. Koom nrog kev kho mob ntshav qab zib: hauv kev kho mob ntshav qab zib, glucagon tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj pab kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv, yog li pab tswj cov ntshav qab zib cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
1. Muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon, thiab ntshav qabzib concentration yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Thaum cov ntshav qab zib txo qis, pancreatic secretion ntawmglucagon hmoovnce; Thaum cov ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv, qhov tso tawm ntawm glucagon txo qis. Amino acids muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo li qabzib thiab tuaj yeem txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon. Protein lossis txhaj tshuaj ntawm ntau cov amino acids tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon. Kev nce hauv cov amino acids hauv cov ntshav tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb kev tso tawm insulin, uas tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav qab zib, tab sis kuj txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon, uas muaj qee yam tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv hypoglycemia.
2. Insulin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon los ntawm kev txo cov ntshav qab zib, tab sis insulin secreted los ntawm B hlwb thiab somatostatin secreted los ntawm D hlwb tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha rau ntawm A cells, inhibiting glucagon secretion.
3. Insulin thiab glucagon yog ib khub ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo, ob qho tib si uas tsim cov kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo nrog cov ntshav qabzib. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub cev nyob rau hauv txawv functionality, molar ratio (I / G) ntawm insulin rau glucagon nyob rau hauv cov ntshav kuj txawv. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv kev yoo mov thaum hmo ntuj, qhov piv txwv I / G yog 2.3, tab sis thaum tshaib plab lossis ua haujlwm ntev, qhov sib piv tuaj yeem poob qis dua 0.5. Kev txo qis hauv kev faib ua feem yog vim qhov txo qis hauv insulin secretion thiab nce hauv glucagon secretion, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau glycogen rhuav tshem thiab gluconeogenesis, tswj cov ntshav qab zib, hloov mus rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub plawv thiab lub hlwb rau cov piam thaj, thiab txhawb cov rog rog, txhim kho cov roj oxidation thiab lub zog. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tom qab noj lossis thauj cov piam thaj, qhov sib piv tuaj yeem nce mus rau ntau dua 10, uas yog vim qhov nce hauv insulin secretion thiab txo qis hauv glucagon secretion. Hauv qhov no, lub luag haujlwm ntawm pancreatic islets tsis zoo dua.
4. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Sweden tau koom ua ke luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm hauv Cell Metabolism, lees paub tias tib neeg pancreatic islets Cells tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hom ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluRs) uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon.
5. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov piam thaj homeostasis yog pancreatic islets Cells zoo tso glucagon, tseem hu ua insulin tsis kam lossis insulin B. Tib neeg glucagon yog ib qho saw peptide muaj li ntawm 29 amino acids pib los ntawm N-terminal histidine thiab xaus ntawm C-terminal threonine 5, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm 3 thiab molecular. ntshav qab zib. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem muaj kev paub me ntsis txog cov txheej txheem molecular uas tswj kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon.
6. Hauv kev sim, cov kws tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam lub luag haujlwm ntawm glutamate raws li qhov zoo autocrine teeb liab hauv kev tso tawm glucagon los ntawm tib neeg, liab, thiab nas pancreatic islets. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kev tawm tswv yim zoo ntawm glutamate txhawb kev zais ntawm glucagon, thiab thaum cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv, qhov tso tawm ntawm glucagon yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm insulin, zinc ions, lossis - Kev txwv ntawm aminobutyric acid (GABA).
7. Qhov txo qis hauv cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem txhawb nqa pancreatic islets Cells tso glutamate. Glutamate tom qab ntawd ua rau AMPA thiab kainate hom ionotropic glutamate receptors, ua rau depolarization ntawm cell membrane, qhib cov calcium ion channel, thiab thaum kawg ua kom cov concentration ntawm dawb calcium ions hauv cytoplasm, yog li txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm glucagon. Hauv kev sim vivo hauv cov nas, thaiv cov ionotropic glutamate receptor yuav txo qhov tso tawm ntawm glucagon thiab ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm insulin ntau ntxiv -induced hypoglycemia. Yog li, autocrine tawm tswv yim voj ntawm glutamate ua rau pancreatic islets Cells muaj peev xwm los txhim kho lawv tus kheej secretory kev ua si, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ua ntej kom paub tseeb tias txaus.glucagon hmoovtso tawm nyob rau hauv tej yam mob physiological.
Glucagon yog ib hom kab mob polypeptide uas tso tawm los ntawm pancreatic alpha hlwb, muaj 29 amino acid residues nrog ib qho hnyav molecular ntawm kwv yees li 3485-3500 daltons. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov ntshav qabzib los ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub siab glycogen tawg thiab gluconeogenesis kom nce cov ntshav qabzib, thaum ua kom lipase los txhawb cov rog rog. Cov txheej txheem synthesis feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: biosynthesis thiab tshuaj synthesis. Cov hauv qab no muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws los ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev sib piv ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo:
Biological synthesis method: raws li kev sib txuas ntawm ntuj tsim ntawm pancreatic alpha hlwb
Synthesis site thiab precursor qauv
Lub biosynthesis ntawm glucagon pib nyob rau hauv ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum ntawm pancreatic alpha hlwb, qhov twg precursor glucagon, muaj 37 amino acid residues, yog thawj zaug synthesized. Tus neeg ua ntej tau txais kev txiav txim proteolytic kom tshem tawm C- davhlau ya nyob twg 8-peptide thiab tsim mature 29 peptide glucagon, uas tom qab ntawd tso rau hauv granules los ntawm Golgi apparatus thiab thaum kawg tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Secretory tswj mechanism
Ntshav qab zib theem:
Hypoglycemia yog qhov tseem ceeb stimulating, thiab thaum cov ntshav qabzib concentration qis dua 3.9 mmol / L, kev ua haujlwm ntawm pancreatic alpha hlwb tau txhim kho; Cov ntshav qab zib nce siab inhibits qhov tso tawm ntawm glucagon los ntawm kev tso tawm insulin.
Amino acid qib:
Glycogenic amino acids (xws li alanine thiab glutamate) tuaj yeem txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm cov ntshav qabzib qib, thiab lawv cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom cov amino acid thauj mus los thiab mTOR txoj kev taw qhia.
Neuroregulation:
Stimulation ntawm lub paj hlwb sympathetic (xws li lub xeev kev nyuaj siab) ncaj qha nkoos secretion los ntawm beta adrenergic receptors, thaum lub parasympathetic paj hlwb inhibits secretion los ntawm acetylcholine.
Technical zoo thiab kev txwv
Qhov zoo: Cov txheej txheem synthesis ua raws li cov cai ntawm lub cev, cov khoom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ua tiav cov qauv, thiab tsim nyog rau kev kawm txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm ntuj glucagon.
Kev txwv: Kev cia siab rau cov ntaub so ntswg los yog kab lis kev cai ntawm tes, tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tus nqi siab, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam.
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis: txoj kev ua tiav tshiab hauv cov khoom siv -theem fragment method
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis tsim cov glucagon molecules los ntawm kev simulating amino acid condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas cov khoom -theem fragment method tau dhau los ua cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb vim nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev tswj hwm. Siv cov cuab yeej patented ua piv txwv, txheeb xyuas nws cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim ua kom zoo:
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem fragment synthesis
Kauj Ruam 1: 5-29 Fragment Synthesis
Siv Wang resin ua cov khoom thauj theem, thawj peptide resin (Fmoc Thr (tBu) - Wang resin) muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm 0.2-0.5 mmol / g. Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov amino acids ib los ntawm ib qho, maj mam txuas cov peptide saw mus rau ntu 5-29 (H-Thr (tBu) - Phe Thr (tBu) - Ser (tBu) - Asp (OtBu) - Tyr (tBu) {{1} Tyr (tBu) {{1} (tBu) - Leu Asp (OtBu) - Ser (tBu) - Arg (Pbf) - Arg (OtBu) - Phe Val Gln (Trt) - Trp (Boc) - Thr (t Me)
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Cov molar piv ntawm cov amino acids rau peptide resin yog 1-6: 1, ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ua haujlwm siab;
Coupling reagents: HOBt thiab DIC sib tov, los yog PyAop / PyBop thiab organic puag (xws li DIPEA) sib tov, txhawb kev sib cog lus amide;
Reaction solvent: DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide), muab solubility zoo.
Kauj Ruam 2: Plaub peptide fragment ligation
Txuas plaub peptide fragment Fmoc Nws (Trt) - Ser (tBu) - Gln (Trt) - Gly OH mus rau 5-29 fragment peptide resin los ua kom tiav glucagon sequence.
Kev tiv thaiv raws li zoo:
Cov saw tseem ceeb amino: Fmoc lossis Boc tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud;
Sab chains: Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm triphenylmethyl (Trt), Ser yog tiv thaiv los ntawm tert butyl (tBu), thiab Gln yog tiv thaiv los ntawm Trt los xyuas kom meej xaiv deprotection.
Kauj Ruam 3: Deprotection thiab peptide cleavage
Siv cov lysis reagents (xws li trifluoroacetic acid ua ke nrog anise sulfide, benzyl ether, triisopropylsilane, thiab lwm yam) kom acid hydrolyze thiab tshem tawm cov pab pawg tiv thaiv, thaum txiav peptide chains los ntawm cov resin kom tau crude glucagon.
Kauj Ruam 4: Purification thiab khov kom qhuav
Cov impurities raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ua kua chromatography (HPLC), thiab cov glucagon ntshiab nrog lub purity ntawm Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99% tau txais tom qab khov - ziab.
Technological zoo thiab innovation ntsiab lus
Kev ua tau zoo:
Segmented synthesis txo cov kev tawm tsam sab nraud thiab nce tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm 20% -30% piv rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ib txwm muaj;
Tus nqi qis:
Tsis txhob siv cov pseudo proline kim heev los tiv thaiv dipeptides, txo cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw los ntawm 40% -50%;
Controllability:
Tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom raug ntawm txhua kauj ruam kom paub meej cov khoom sib xws.
Kev sib piv ntawm lwm cov tshuaj synthesis
Cov khoom qub -theem synthesis method
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Txuas cov amino acids ib los ntawm ib qho los ntawm C-terminus mus rau N-terminus, siv Fmoc lossis Boc tiv thaiv pab pawg.
Cov kev txwv: qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg cov amino acids yog siab, thiab cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm sab kev cuam tshuam ua rau txo qis purity (feem ntau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 85%); Txawm hais tias siab - qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm, lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau sab nraud xws li racemization.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Txoj Cai: Kev nthuav qhia ntawmglucagon hmoovfusion protein los ntawm genetic engineering, ua raws li kev zom zaub mov enzymatic kom rov qab lub hom phiaj peptide.
Kev txwv: Cov kauj ruam yog cumbersome (yuav tsum tau qhia, purification, enzyme digestion, thiab rov qab), nrog rau lub voj voog mus txog 7-10 hnub, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme digestion yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov protein conformation.
Cov lus qhia rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem synthesis
Kev tshawb fawb scenario: Qhov tseem ceeb yog muab rau cov txheej txheem biosynthetic kom tau txais glucagon tshwm sim rau cov teeb meem kev tshawb fawb lossis kev sim tsiaj.
Kev tsim khoom lag luam: Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej txheej yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tus nqi qis yog tsim rau loj - kev npaj cov tshuaj qib glucagon (xws li txhaj tshuaj siv rau kev kho mob thaum muaj xwm ceev hypoglycemic).
Customized yuav tsum tau: Rau cov uas tsis yog ntuj amino acid hloov los yog sau npe glucagon derivatives, tsoos khoom -theem synthesis ua ke nrog orthogonal tiv thaiv pab pawg neeg lub tswv yim yuav siv tau.
Cim npe nrov: Glucagon hmoov CAS 16941-32-5, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom