Tovurium Hmoov, tsis yog xim hlau nyob hauv 16th pawg ntawm lub tsib ntawm lub rooj noj mov, cas ulti} omic tooj 52, txheeb ze atomic loj 127.6. Nyiaj dawb nrog nws yog xim hlau luster. Cov txheeb ze sib npaug ntawm crystalline qhia meej yog 6.25g / cm3, nrog lub melting point ntawm 452 degree thiab ib qho npau npau ntawm 1390 degree. Qhia rau hauv dej, benzene, thiab carbon fydrfide, tab sis solub, aquidium hydroxide, thiab poov tshuaj cyasium. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws tuaj yeem yog oxidized los yog hnov mob nrog halogens los ua qhov quav. Cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab ua kom sov thiab cov pa roj acid Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm electrolysis. Kev ua kom huv tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm electrolytic ua kom zoo, nqus tsev nqus tsev, thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Tellurium hauv ntiaj teb yog qis dua li ntawm Selenium. Lub ntsiab lus qhia tseem ceeb heev. Qhia tawm feem ntau coearists nrog Selenium hauv ntau cov lus qhia thiab yog ua los ntawm cov hlau ua kom huv. Ntxiv cov lus qhia rau cov hlau tuaj yeem nce nws qhov kev sib tw. Cov nyiaj ntawm Tellurium nyob rau hauv cov hlau cam tuaj yeem ua rau lub npoo ntawm cov cam khwb cia thiab hnav-resistant. Kev ntxiv cov hlau kuj tuaj yeem nce lub hardness ntawm cov hmoov txhuas. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv ua tus neeg sawv cev xim rau cov roj teeb, luam tawm cov tawv nqaij txhuas, thiab xim liab, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem hauv cov kev daws teeb meem electroplating.
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Tshuaj Cov Qauv |
Tus te |
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Muaj pes tsawg leej |
130 |
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Molecular hnyav |
128 |
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m/z |
130 (100.0%), 128 (93.1%), 126 (55.3%), 125 (20.7%), 124 (13.9%), 122 (7.5%), 123 (2.6%) |
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Kev Ntsuam Xyuas |
Te, 1 00. 00 |
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Tovurium Hmoovyog xim hlau teeb nrog lub cim rau, atomic naj npawb 52, thiab atomic loj 127.6. Nws zwm rau pab pawg nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntu thiab cov tshuaj muaj zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg, ua rau nws muaj feem siv ntau thaj teb.
1. Metallurgical Kev Lag Luam
Cov lus qhia me me yog siv los ua ib qho kev sib xws rau cov hlau uas tsis muaj hlau thiab hlau hauv kev lag luam metallurgical. Hauv kev lag luam hlau tsis-ferrous hlau, Tellurium yog siv los txhim kho cov kev txiav kev ua tau zoo ntawm alloys, nce lawv lub hardness thiab yas. Ntxiv cov lus qhia ua cov hmoov txhuas, tin, txhuas, thiab txhuas cov alloys muaj peev xwm txhim kho lawv cov coj tsis kam, corrosion tsis kam, thiab nkees tsis kam. Ntxiv cov nqi khi ntawm Tellurium ({0. 04% {4}}. - Txhim kho nws lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam. Kho cov steel tau muab dav siv rau hauv kev sib khuav, kev siv tshuab hoom, kev tsheb nqaj hlau, thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
2. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob
Cov lus qhia ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khaub noom nyias-yeeb yaj kiab, xws li cadmium qhia ntawv (CDTE) lub hlwb. Cadmium qhia cov zaj duab xis nyias hnub ci muaj qhov zoo hloov dua siab tshiab thiab qhov ruaj khov, thiab yog ib qho ntawm kev ceev tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus qhia tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv, infrared detectors, thiab thermoelectric fais tiam cov khoom siv. Bismuth qhia rau (Bi ₂ Te α) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv thermoelectric thiab thermoelectric fais tiam.
3. Tshuaj Kev Lag Luam Teb
Nyob rau hauv cov teb ntawm cov tshuaj engineering, sellurium yog siv los ua catalyst thiab vulcanizing tus neeg sawv cev, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hluavtaws ntau ntxiv, kub ua haujlwm muaj zog ntawm roj hmab. Cov lus teb qhia sib txuas no tseem muaj dav nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov duab, electropment cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj reagents. Piv txwv li, sodium sithurite tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj, thiab cov bismuth qhia tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov zaj duab xis nyias (tfts).
4. Kws ua paus
Organic tebchaw ntawm cov lus qhia muaj cov txiaj ntsig los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev mob qog thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob cancer. Ib qho ntxiv, cov lus qhia tseem tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab thiab cov fungicides. Hauv cov teb kho mob, Tellurium yog ib yam khoom zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob cov kev pab cuam, uas yog siv los kuaj thiab kho mob cancer mis, cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab lwm cov qog. Cov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ua rau nws cov khoom zoo rau kev tsim khoom Co.
5. Lwm cov ntawv thov
Cov lus qhia tuaj yeem siv ua tus neeg sawv cev xim rau iav thiab ceramics, ua ntau xim ntawm iav thiab ceramics. Hauv kev lag luam khob iav, cov iav tshwj xeeb muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv siab, thiab tau siv dav hauv thaj teb ntawm infrared optscs. Ib qho ntxiv, seeurium kuj tseem siv tau los tsim cov cuab yeej qiv laser phais thiab kho mob ophthalmic phais.
6. Cov cuab yeej kho mob
Hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj, cov organic sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia tau pom muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qog. Piv txwv li, cov lus sib txuas lus sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob thiab cov metabolism hauv cov qog hlwb. Ib qho ntxiv, seepium kuj tseem siv tau los tsim cov kev kuaj mob kho mob, xws li cadmium zinc cellituride (czt) detectors, rau kev kho mob nuclear kev ua haujlwm. Czt detectors muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuas hluav taws xob siab thiab muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov thiab kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Tovurium Hmoovtuaj yeem tsim kev lag luam, yog li nws feem ntau tsis tas yuav npaj tau hauv chav kuaj. Txawm hais tias tus qhia ntawv muaj nws tus kheej cov ntxhia ywj pheej, nws feem ntau tsim los ua tus tooj liab ntawm cov tooj liab.
Kev sib cais txheej txheem ntawm cov lus sib cais yog qhov nyuaj heev, nyob ntawm seb muaj lwm yam sib txuas thiab cov khoom hauv cov ntxhia.
Thawj kauj ruam
Feem ntau hais lus, hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog oxidation nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sodium carbonate (dej qab zib).
Lub kauj ruam thib ob
Nws yog kom acidify incrarite (NA2TEO3) nrog cov sulfuric acid, kom txhua tus qhia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm seldurium dioxide, thaum Selenite (H2SO3) tseem nyob rau hauv kev daws.
Qhov thib peb kauj ruam
Nws yog kom yaj doomurium dioxide hauv sodium hydrochoze thiab tom qab ntawd electrolyze sodium sholarite daws tau cov qauv ntawm Tellurium.
Txoj kev ua kom huv ntawm cov lus qhia:
Grind muaj toturium rau hauv cov hmoov nyob rau hauv ib lub nkoj agate, thauj nws mus rau hauv ib lub nkoj quartz, thiab pub lub nkoj quartz mus rau sab xub ntiag ntawm cov raj quartz.
Txom hydrogen gas rau hauv quartz lub raj thiab cua sov lub nkoj quartz kom txog thaum nws maj mam mus txog qhov kub liab, ntawm qhov taw tes qhia melts.
Tom qab txog 90% ntawm selaporates evaporates, nres nres cua sov thiab txuas ntxiv mus qhia hydrogen roj kom txias cov kab ke hauv cov dej hydrogen.
Scraping tawm cov khoom los ntawm Quartz Tube Phab ntsa cov qoob loo Preliminararararararararararararary purifium, thaum tsis yog volatile impurities nyob rau hauv cov khoom seem.
Daws lub preliminarararararararly turified qhia hydrochloric acid uas muaj ib qho me me ntawm cov kua qaub me me, thiab ua kom sov rau kev txiav txim siab thiab tshem tawm cov kua qaub ntau dhau.
Dilute nrog dej kom txog thaum hydrolysis tsis tshwm sim, thiab lim kom tshem tawm insoluble impurities. Ntxiv Hydrazine hydrate daws rau cov filtrate tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog ua kom pom kev zoo xwb.
Tom qab nchuav tawm cov tshuaj, ntxuav nws nrog dej ua ntej, ces nrog ethanol. Tom qab txau, qhuav nws hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws uas muaj cov sulfuric acid.
Dissolve cov tau hmoov qhia qhia rau hauv 40% nitric acid ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 70 degree. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub siab dhau lawm, ib qho kev txiav txim siab ntawm teo2 yuav nag ntsis.
Cov tshuaj muaj zog tau muaj zog ua pa ntawm cov nitrate yooj yim te2o3 (OH) NO3. Cov muaju no yog recrystallized ib zaug hauv nitric acid ntawm tib lub tswv yim, qhuav, thiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug ceramic crucible. Lawv tau hlawv nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kom tsim te teo2.
Dissolve cov teo2 no nyob hauv 25% hydrochloric acid, ntxiv hydrazine cov tshuaj rau txo, precipitive hmoov qhia, thiab ntxuav thiab qhuav raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no. Cov lus qhia no tau yooj yim oxidized rau daim ntawv Teo2. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv oxidation, nws tuaj yeem thauj mus rau hauv ib lub nkoj quartz thiab melted nyob rau hauv ib tug ntshiab hydrogen roj ntws. Thaum tswj hwm lub xeev ua kua, hydrogen roj tuaj yeem qhia txuas ntxiv kom ua kom nws lub ntsej muag tag nrho.
Hauv 1782, German Mineralogist Miller von Reichstein nrhiav pom cov khoom tsis paub thaum kawm German german kub ore.
Hauv 1782, Austrian Mineralogist Richenstein tau xa mus rau Transylvania ua Mining Tus Thawj Coj. Ib qho ntxhia tshiab tau pom nyob hauv Zlatna Kub Hold, thiab Reichenstein nrhiav pom nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Raws li nws cov xim thiab cov khoom siv lub cev, yav dhau los tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj coj Rupprecht tau ntseeg tias cov ore muaj cov neeg pleev hmoov zoo li ntuj. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas nws, rov qab ntseeg tias cov ore no tsis muaj cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, tab sis muaj cov txiv neej ua txhaum cai sulfide. Tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev tsom xam, rov qab tshaj tawm tias qhov no los tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom kub thiab cov khoom tsis paub nrog cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tom qab, rov qab ua dua 50 sim nyob rau ib lub sijhawm ntawm 3 xyoos kom paub meej cov khoom ntawm cov compound.
Hauv 1798, tus German Klaprrault tau lees paub qhov kev tshawb pom no thiab ntsuas cov khoom ntawm cov khoom no, uas tau muaj npe qhia rau cov lus Latin (lub ntiaj teb).
Xyoo 1782, Miller, tus thawj saib xyuas ntawm kuv li hauv Austrian Capital Vienna, muab rho tawm cov lus qhia los ntawm qhov ore no. Thaum pib ntseeg tias nws yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo nkauj, tab sis tom qab ntawd nrhiav pom tias nws cov khoom siv tau txawv ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, yog li lees tias nws yog tus ntaus hlau tshiab. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm lwm tus, Miller ib zaug xa ib qho qauv me me rau Swedish Chergist Bergman. Vim tias muaj tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv, Bergman tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias nws tsis yog antiage. Miller qhov kev tshawb pom tau pom dua.
Lub Ib Hlis 25, 1798, Craprott RintroDuced Qhov no tsis nco qab thaum nyeem ib daim ntawv ntawm cov kub ntawm Transylvania ntawm Berlin Academy of Sciency. Nws yaj cov ntxhia no nyob rau hauv Aquaria thiab siv ntau tshaj plaws alkali los nag lossis hlau thiab hlau. Hauv nag lossis daus, nws pom cov khoom tshiab no thiab npe nws qhia, nrog lub cim cim Te.
Cuab Yeej Siv Lub Cev:
Muaj ob feem ntawm cov lus qhia, yog namely dub powdery thiab amorphous seldurium, thiab nyiaj dawb, xim av luster, hexagonal crystalline qhia. Shamiconductor, nrog rau ib pawg sib txawv ntawm 0. 34 electron volts.
Ntawm ob pawg pob ntawm cov lus qhia, uas muaj xim ci, uas muaj xim hlau duab, uas ntsiag to dawb, nkig dawb, thiab zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj pleev ib yam li qub txeeg qub teg; Lwm qhov yog hmoov zoo, tsaus grey. Nruab nrab ceev, tsawg melting thiab boiling cov ntsiab lus. Nws yog ib qho tsis yog xim hlau, tab sis nws muaj cov cua sov zoo heev thiab ua haujlwm. Ntawm txhua tus khub tsis yog xim hlau, nws muaj cov muaj zog me me.
Cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj:
Spellium hlawv nyob rau saum huab cua nrog nplaim xiav los tsim cov lus qhia kev qhia; Nws tuaj yeem hnov cov lus halogen, tab sis tsis yog leej leej faj thiab selenium. Soluble hauv sulfuric acid, nitric acid, notassium hydroxide thiab poov tshuaj cyathium cylide daws. Hnov mob nrog molnt kcn los tsim k2te [6].
Hydrotelluric acid tsim los ntawm dissolving hauv dej muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau hydrosulfuric acid. Tellurium kuj tseem tsim cov ntaub qaub acid h2teeo3 thiab cov ntsev. Muaj cov ox oxidants (H2O2) tau siv los ua tus kab mob H6teo6 yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej (25.3%) thiab dhau los ua selluric acid, uas yog qhov qaug zog acid.
Nws cov tshuaj chemical yog zoo heev rau cov leej txiv leej thiab selenium, thiab nws muaj qee yam toxicity. Cua sov thiab melting nws hauv huab cua yuav tsim cov pa hluav taws dawb ntawm cov oxourium oxide.Tovurium HmoovYuav ua rau tib neeg muaj mob, mob taub hau, nqhis dej, khaus tawv nqaij thiab palpitations. Tom qab nqus tau cov kev ua kom muaj tseeb ntawm cov lus qhia, tib neeg lub cev yuav tsim tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw qab ntawm qej hauv extralation, hws thiab tso zis. Tus kabmob no yooj yim los ntawm lwm tus, tab sis kuv feem ntau tsis paub nws.
Cim npe nrov: Tawb Hmoov Li No {13494-80-9, cov chaw muag khoom, chaw tsim khoom, Hoobkas, yuav, nqe, loj, rau muag