Shaanxi BLOOM Tech Co., Ltd. yog ib tug ntawm cov uas paub txog manufacturers thiab lwm tus neeg ntawm thymolphthalein qhia cas 125-20-2 nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Txais tos rau cov lag luam wholesale bulk zoo thymolphthalein qhia cas 125-20-2 muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Kev pabcuam zoo thiab tus nqi tsim nyog muaj.
Thymolphthalein qhia, Kuv t yog ib qho uas nquag siv cov kua qaub - puag qhia. Thyme phenolphthalein hloov xim nyob rau hauv pH ntau ntawm 9.3 (xim tsis muaj xim) thiab 10.5 (xiav), thiab nws kuj ntseeg tau tias hloov xim nyob rau hauv pH ntau ntawm 8.8 (xim tsis muaj xim) thiab 10.5 (xiav). Thyme phenolphthalein yog soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol thiab sodium hydroxide tov thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv acid-base titration vim nws txawv xim hloov zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm qhov tseeb ntsuas pH yog yuav tsum tau. Thaum pH ntawm cov tshuaj mus txog nws cov xim hloov ntau yam, nws yuav hloov los ntawm cov xim tsis muaj xim mus rau xiav, muab qhov qhia meej ntawm qhov kawg ntawm titration. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv lub thawv kaw kom tsis txhob ya raws los yog deterioration. Txawm hais tias Thyme phenolphthalein muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv ib txwm siv, nws tseem yuav tsum tau zam los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog lub qhov muag, tawv nqaij, lossis khaub ncaws. Yog tias txhob txwm kov, nws yuav tsum zam. Tam sim ntawd yaug nrog dej kom ntau thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob. Thaum siv, xyuam xim rau nws cov compatibility nrog cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Qee cov tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws cov xim hloov pauv, yog li kev sim tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej siv. Piv nrog rau lwm cov kua qaub- cov cim qhia hauv paus, thymolphthalein muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov xim hloov xim, hloov xim ntse, thiab cov xim zoo sib xws. Qhov no ua rau nws siv dav hauv kev sim xws li acid{18}}base titration. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsuas sib txawv tsim nyog rau ntau qhov sib txawv pH thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios, yog li hauv kev siv tswv yim, qhov ntsuas tsim nyog yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntawm chemical compound:
|
Tshuaj Formula |
C28H30O4 |
|
Exact Mass |
430.21 |
|
Molecular Luj |
430.54 |
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m/z |
430.21(100.0%),431.22(30.3%),432.22(2.7%),432.22(1.7%) |
|
Elemental Analysis |
C, 78.11; H, 7.02; O, 14.86 |
|
Melting point |
251-253℃(lit.) |
|
Boiling point |
504.79℃(kev kwv yees ntxhib) |
|
Qhov ntom |
0.92 g / ml ntawm 25 degree |
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Thymolphthalein qhia(lub npe scientific: 3,3-bis (4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl) - phthalein, CAS NO. Raws li cov hmoov dawb crystalline, nws yooj yim soluble hauv ether, acetone, sulfuric acid, thiab alkaline daws, tab sis insoluble hauv dej, uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb yog raws li cov kua qaub- qhov taw qhia, nrog rau cov xim hloov pH ntawm 9.4-10.6 thiab xim hloov ntawm tsis muaj xim mus rau xiav. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog lossis muaj zog hauv paus titration ntawm cov acids tsis muaj zog hauv kev soj ntsuam titration. Piv txwv li, hauv ammonia titration ntawm kev sim acetic acid, thymolphthalein tuaj yeem qhia meej qhov kawg, tsis txhob ua yuam kev los ntawm kev hloov xim dav ntawm phenolphthalein (8.2-10.0). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntsuas sib xyaw ua ke tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntsuas (xws li bromocresol ntsuab) tuaj yeem nqaim cov xim hloov mus rau 0.1 pH units, txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas.
Hauv kev tsom xam chromatographic, raws li theem nyob ruaj ruaj lossis theem mobile additive, kev sib cais ua kom zoo tuaj yeem ua kom zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum kuaj xyuas cov organic tebchaw nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig cov qauv siv roj chromatography, ntxiv thymolphthalein tuaj yeem txhim kho lub peev xwm khaws cia ntawm cov polar tebchaw thiab txhim kho kev tshawb nrhiav rhiab heev. Nws qhov ruaj khov (lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm 251-}253 degree) thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob kuj ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas kub chromatographic.
Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kws tshuaj npog peb theem: tshuaj synthesis, kev tswj kom zoo, thiab kev tshawb fawb pharmacological. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm synthesis, nws phthalein nplhaib qauv yuav siv tau raws li ib tug intermediate los koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm complex tshuaj molecules. Piv txwv li, siv thymolphthalein ua raw khoom, benzophenone derivatives nrog kev tiv thaiv - inflammatory kev ua si tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm kev txo qis, uas tau pom muaj peev xwm hauv kev kho mob rheumatoid mob caj dab.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tswj kom zoo, nws yog tus qauv reagent rau kev kuaj xyuas cov acidity lossis alkalinity ntawm cov tshuaj.
Raws li Suav Pharmacopoeia, pH nqi ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj, txhaj tshuaj thiab lwm yam kev npaj yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntau yam, thiab lawv cov xim hloov cov yam ntxwv ua rau lawv nyiam qhov taw qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem siv tau rau cov uas tsis yog -aqueous titration, xws li txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj organic hauv paus (xws li caffeine), thiab ua tiav siab -kev ntsuas qhov tseeb los ntawm titration cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv ethanol dichloromethane tov kuab tshuaj.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj, nws cov derivatives tau tshawb nrhiav rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv- qog nqaij hlav. Piv txwv li, ib pab neeg tshawb fawb tau txais cov tshuaj phthalein tshiab los ntawm kev hloov kho cov qauv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov qog cell apoptosis thaum txo cov tshuaj lom rau lub cev. Tam sim no nws yog nyob rau theem kev tshawb fawb preclinical.
Cov ntawv thov hauv thaj chaw biomedical tsom mus rau kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tes, kuaj kab mob lom neeg, thiab kuaj kab mob. Nws cov yam ntxwv fluorescence (excitation wavelength 340nm, emission wavelength 450nm) ua rau nws siab -zoo sojntsuam rau cell labeling. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tshawb fawb qia cell, thymolphthalein tau thauj khoom mus rau saum npoo ntawm nanoparticles, thiab cov txheej txheem kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov qia hlwb hauv vivo tuaj yeem taug qab nyob rau lub sijhawm tiag tiag los ntawm confocal microscopy, muab lub hauv paus rau optimizing cov phiaj xwm kho mob.
Hais txog kev kuaj mob,thymolphthalein qhiaderivatives tau raug tsim los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau enzyme-txuas kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas immunosorbent (ELISA). Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv kuaj pom rau leucine zipper protein kinase (MELK) ntawm leej niam embryos sib txuas thymolphthalein sau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nrog cov hom phiaj protein kom ua tiav kev kuaj pom ntxov rau kev kuaj mob cancer mis (rhiab heev txog 0.1ng / mL). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas tus kab mob siab kab mob siab (xws li HAVCR2) thiab cov qog nqaij hlav txuam nrog antigens (xws li RAB1A), muab ntau yam cuab yeej rau kev kuaj mob.
Kev thov ntawm thymolphthalein hauv kev lag luam zaub mov yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Raws li cov kua qaub- qhov taw qhia hauv paus, nws tuaj yeem siv los saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv pH thaum ua zaub mov kom ruaj khov cov khoom zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv yogurt fermentation, ntxiv ib qho kev daws ntawm thymolphthalein tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov kua qaub ntawm cov kab mob lactic acid hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, zam kev tsis zoo ntawm saj los ntawm ntau fermentation.
In the field of food additives, derivatives of thymolphthalein have been explored for flavor regulation. For example, a study obtained a fruit flavored phthalein compound through structural modification, which can significantly enhance the aroma intensity of strawberry flavored beverages at low concentrations (0.5ppm), and its safety has been verified through acute toxicity tests (LD ₅₀>5000mg / kg). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom khaws cia hauv cov khoom ci los tiv thaiv pwm kev loj hlob thiab ua kom ntev lub neej txee los ntawm kev kho cov pH tus nqi ntawm lub khob noom cookie.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, nws cov hlau chelate muaj peev xwm ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, los ntawm complexing nrog zinc ions, hlau organic moj khaum (MOF) cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov khoom fluorescent tuaj yeem npaj tau, uas ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv cov pa adsorption (xws li CO ₂ capture) thiab photocatalytic degradation ntawm cov pa phem organic. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv polymer, xws li qhia thymolphthalein units rau hauv cov ntu polyester los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv copolymerization los txhim kho cov thermal stability ntawm cov khoom (nce thermal decomposition kub los ntawm 30 degree).
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, thymolphthalein tau tsim los ua ib qho hnyav hlau ion detection sensor. Piv txwv li, raws li nws cov kev khi tshwj xeeb nrog cov hlau lead ions, lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim kom ua tiav kev tshawb pom sai ntawm cov hlau lead ions hauv dej (kev kuaj pom qhov txwv ntawm 0.1 μ M). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm - qhov chaw ntsuas pH tus nqi ntawm cov av, ua kom muaj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas sai los ntawm cov khoom siv txav mus los thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa rau kev ua liaj ua teb fertilization.
Thymolphthalein qhia,Phenolphthalein qhov taw qhia yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub- puag qhov taw qhia nrog cov xim ntshiab thiab cov yam ntxwv hloov xim. Hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog kev siv Thymophthalein:
Titration endpoint indicator: Nyob rau hauv acid-base titration, Phenolphthalein yog dav siv los qhia qhov kawg ntawm titration.Thaum tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj mus txog rau pua mais xim ntau yam (feem ntau ntawm 9.3 thiab 10.5), xim ntawm qhov taw qhia yuav hloov pauv tseem ceeb, los ntawm tsis muaj xim mus rau xiav. Qhov kev hloov xim no muab cov neeg sim nrog qhov tseeb titration endpoint teeb liab, tso cai rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv titration.
Txhim kho qhov tseeb titration: Vim yog qhov hloov xim rhiab heev thiab cov xim zoo sib xws ntawm thymolphthalein, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm cov kua qaub- puag titration. Thaum lub sij hawm titration txheej txheem, tus neeg sim tuaj yeem yooj yim saib cov xim hloov, yog li txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm titration thiab txo qhov yuam kev.
Haum rau ntau yam titration systems: Phenolphthalein yog haum rau ntau yam acid{0}}base titration systems, nrog rau muaj zog acid muaj zog puag titration, tsis muaj zog acid zog puag titration, thiab muaj zog acid tsis muaj zog titration. Qhov no ua rau nws siv dav hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj.
Phenolphthalein kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj ntshav. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntshav los tsim cov xim hloov, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev kuaj mob thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntshav ntsig txog kab mob. Daim ntawv thov no tsuas yog ua raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm thymolphein thiab qee yam tshuaj hauv cov ntshav, xws li qee yam enzymes, ions, lossis metabolites.
Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam chromatographic, thymolphthalein yog ib qho txiaj ntsig chromatographic reagent uas tuaj yeem pab cov kws tshawb fawb cais thiab txheeb xyuas cov khoom hauv cov sib tov sib xyaw. Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov taw qhia hauv theem nyob ruaj ruaj lossis txawb, cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb los ntawm kev hloov chromatographic tej yam kev mob xws li hnyav muaj pes tsawg leeg, pH tus nqi, thiab lwm yam.
Electrochemical tsom xam thiab lwm yam kev siv
Phenolphthalein kuj muaj qee yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm electrochemical, uas ua rau nws siv tau rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas electrochemical. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv electrochemical sensors, thymolphthalein tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho kev lees paub lossis lub teeb liab converter txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hom phiaj los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv electrochemical signals.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv sau tseg saum toj no, thymolphthalein kuj tseem siv rau lwm qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tshawb fawb txog roj ntsha, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tes lossis tshuaj fluorescent los soj ntsuam cov qauv ntawm tes lossis saib xyuas cov txheej txheem biochemical hauv cov hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qee cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thymolphthalein kuj tseem siv los ua cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas lossis cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas cov khoom zoo.
Case study of this indicator
case tsom xam
Daim ntawv thov hauv acid-base titration sim
Hauv qee cov kua qaub-piv titration sim, tus neeg sim xaivthymolphthalein qhiaraws li qhov taw qhia. Thaum lub sij hawm titration txheej txheem, tus neeg sim ua tib zoo saib cov xim hloov ntawm cov tshuaj. Thaum cov tshuaj hloov los ntawm cov xim tsis muaj xim mus rau xiav, tus kws sim txiav txim siab tias qhov kawg ntawm titration tau mus txog thiab nres qhov kev ua haujlwm titration. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov concentration ntawm cov qauv kev daws teeb meem nrog lub ntim tau siv los ntawm titration, tus kws sim ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Qhov kev vam meej ntawm qhov kev sim no yog ntaus nqi los ntawm cov xim rhiab ntawm cov xim hloov thiab cov teeb liab kawg ntawm qhov taw qhia phenolphthalein.
case tsom xam
Daim ntawv thov piv txwv hauv kev kuaj ntshav
Hauv kev kuaj ntshav, tus kws kho mob xaiv qhov ntsuas thymolphein txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, tus kws kho mob tau pom qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov xim ntawm qhov ntsuas. Raws li cov℃thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov xim, cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav yog txawv txav thiab tsim kho cov kev npaj kho mob raws li. Qhov kev vam meej ntawm qhov kev sim no yog vim muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov taw qhia thymolphein thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntshav, nrog rau qhov tseeb xim.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj no yog dab tsi?
Tej yam tshwm sim
Txawm hais tias feem ntau suav hais tias tsis muaj tshuaj lom, Thymolphthalein tseem tuaj yeem ua rau khaus thaum sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij lossis ob lub qhov muag. Qhov kev txhawb nqa no tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li cov tsos mob xws li liab, o, khaus, mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lossis liab thiab tearing ntawm lub qhov muag. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv thymolphthalein, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog xws li hnab looj tes, tsom iav, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum hnav kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha.
Kev nqus tau ntev ntawm thymolphthalein vapor tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub ntsws. Qhov no yuav suav nrog cov tsos mob xws li ua pa ua pa, hnoos, ua tsis taus pa, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv thymolphthalein, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua kom qhov cua zoo hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov pa ntau dhau.
Qee tus neeg yuav muaj kev fab tshuaj rau thymolphthalein lossis nws cov khoom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li cov tsos mob hnyav xws li pob khaus, urticaria, ua pa nyuaj, thiab laryngeal edema. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog tus neeg mob keeb kwm ua xua rau thymolphthalein thiab siv cov kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog.
Phenolphthalein tej zaum yuav raug tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig thaum siv, ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ecological ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias thymolphthalein feem ntau suav hais tias yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, kev siv ntau dhau los lossis kev tuav tsis raug tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab paug rau av, dej, thiab kab mob. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv thiab tuav thymolphthalein, cov kev cai ib puag ncig thiab cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau ua raws li kom txo tau qhov tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig.
Kev ceev faj rau kev siv
Covthymolphthalein qhiayuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav, txias, zoo ventilated, deb ntawm ncaj qha tshav ntuj thiab kub kub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub thawv ntim tau zoo los tiv thaiv qhov taw qhia kom tsis txhob ntub los yog tsis zoo.
Thaum siv thymolphthalein, cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws. Qhov no suav nrog kev hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, ua kom muaj qhov cua zoo hauv chaw ua haujlwm, thiab zam kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntev rau qhov chaw muaj qhov chaw siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib cuag ncaj qha rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau zam, thiab tes thiab lub ntsej muag yuav tsum tau ntxuav tam sim tom qab siv.
Cov pov tseg ntawm thymolphthalein yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg raws li cov kev cai cuam tshuam thiab kev coj ua. Qhov no suav nrog kev khaws cov khoom pov tseg hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb, tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom tawg, thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv ib puag ncig hauv zos kom pov tseg kom nyab xeeb.
Ua ntej siv thymolphthalein, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kev sib raug zoo. Qhov no suav nrog kev nkag siab seb qhov ntsuas cuam tshuam lossis cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov khoom hauv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev tshuaj ntsuam.
FAQ
thymolphthalein ua dab tsi?
Hauv kev sim titration, thymolphthalein yog sivlos txiav txim qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj cov hauv paus muaj zog xws li sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Nws tseem tsis muaj xim kom txog thaum pH nce mus txog 9.3, qhov twg nws pib tig xiav. Cov tsos ntawm xiav xim qhia qhov ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov xim ntawm thymolphthalein yog dab tsi?
Thymolphthalein yog phthalein dye siv los ua cov kua qaub-base (pH) qhia. Nws qhov kev hloov pauv yog nyob ib puag ncig pH 9.3-10.5.Hauv qab no pH, nws tsis muaj xim; saum toj no, nws yog xiav.
Lwm lub npe rau thymolphthalein yog dab tsi?
Synonyms:5', 5''-Disopropyl-2', 2''{10}}dimethylphenolphthalein; 3, 3-Bis(4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-o-tolyl) phthalide; Cov Lus Qhia & Cov Cai: Cov tshuaj no yog rau kev tsim khoom, kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam thiab kev lag luam lossis kev lag luam siv nkaus xwb.
Yuav ua li cas ua thymolphthalein ntsuas?
Dissolve 0.04 g thymolphthalein hauv 50 mL ntawm 95% ethanol. Dilute cov tshuaj no rau 100 mL nrog dej distilled.
Cim npe nrov: thymolphthalein indicator cas 125-20-2, lwm tus neeg, manufacturers, hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, nqe, tej, kev muag khoom