Bauxite hmoovtau tshawb pom nyob rau xyoo 1825 los ntawm Danish physicist HC Oersted, uas tau siv cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm potassium amalgam thiab aluminium chloride kom tau txais aluminium amalgam, thiab tom qab ntawd siv txoj kev distillation kom tshem tawm cov mercury, ua cov hlau txhuas thawj zaug. Kev tsim cov txhuas hlau tau pib ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Ntawd yog, txoj kev sodium tsim los ntawm Fab Kis tus kws tshawb fawb H. Sainte Claire Diwill hauv 1854 thiab Lavxias lub cev chemist HH Bekatov hauv xyoo 1865 (Н.Н.Бекетов) Cov txheej txheem tshuaj magnesium tau tsim. Fabkis, uas tau siv cov txheej txheem tshuaj los pib kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1855, yog thawj lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb los tsim cov txhuas. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm bauxite (1821) tau ntxov dua cov khoom siv txhuas thiab tau yuam kev rau cov ntxhia tshiab thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Txhawm rau tsim cov txhuas los ntawm bauxite, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua ntej tsim aluminium oxide, thiab tom qab ntawd electrolytic aluminium. Lub mining ntawm bauxite tau pib hauv Fabkis xyoo 1873, thiab kev tsim cov alumina los ntawm bauxite pib xyoo 1894. Cov txheej txheem Bayer tau txais, thiab cov nplais tsuas yog ntau tshaj 1t ib hnub. Los ntawm 1900, ib qho me me ntawm bauxite tau mined hauv Fabkis, Ltalis thiab Tebchaws Meskas, nrog rau ib xyoos ib zaug tsuas yog 90000 tons. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub, aluminium, raws li cov hlau thiab alloy, tau siv rau kev lag luam aviation thiab tub rog, thiab tom qab ntawd nthuav dav rau kev lag luam hauv pej xeem. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev lag luam aluminium tau tsim sai heev. Los ntawm xyoo 1950, lub ntiaj teb kev tsim cov hlau txhuas tau mus txog 1.51 lab tons, thiab nce mus rau 20.92 lab tons hauv xyoo 1996, dhau los ua cov hlau tseem ceeb thib ob tom qab hlau.
In addition to the centralized distribution of bauxite in China, the majority of bauxite deposits are large and medium-sized. There are 31 large deposits with reserves of more than 20 million tons, accounting for 49% of the total reserves of the country; There are 83 medium-sized deposits with reserves ranging from 20 to 5 million tons, accounting for 37% of the total reserves of the country, and 86% of the total reserves of large and medium-sized deposits. The quality of bauxite in China is relatively poor, and diasporic bauxite, which is difficult to process and consumes a lot of energy, accounts for more than 98% of the country's total reserves. Among the retained reserves, the primary ore (Al2O360% ～ 70%, Al/Si ≥ 12) accounts for only 1.5%, the secondary ore (Al2O351% ～ 71%, Al/Si ≥ 9) accounts for 17%, the tertiary ore (Al2O362% ～ 69%, Al/Si ≥ 7) accounts for 11.3%, the fourth ore (Al2O3>62%, Al/Si ≥ 5) accounts for 27.9%, the fifth ore (Al2O3>58%, Al/Si ≥ 4) accounts for 18%, the sixth ore (Al2O3>54%, Al/Si ≥ 3) accounts for 8.3%, the seventh ore (Al2O3>48 feem pua , Al/Si Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 3 6) 1.5 feem pua , thiab cov seem yog cov qib tsis paub.
Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov bauxite yog tias tsis muaj ntau cov bauxite deposits haum rau qhib qhov mining, accounting rau tsuas yog 34 feem pua ntawm lub teb chaws tag nrho cov reserves raws li kev txheeb cais. Tsis zoo li tom qab bauxite txawv teb chaws, Tuam Tshoj cov huab cua puag thaum ub bauxite feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam minerals. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam bauxite faib, qhov overlying strata feem ntau muaj cov coal seams thiab cov limestone zoo. Muaj cov av nplaum semi-mos, av nplaum tawv, hlau ore thiab pyrite hauv cov pob zeb ore-cov kabmob. Bauxite ores kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog gallium, vanadium, lithium, tsawg lub ntiaj teb hlau, niobium, tantalum, titanium, scandium thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb. Hauv qee thaj chaw, cov zaub mov saum toj no feem ntau tsim cov khoom lag luam ua ke nrog bauxite. Gallium, vanadium thiab scandium hauv bauxite kuj tseem muaj nqis rov qab.
Tuam Tshoj tus bauxite muaj cov qib siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm geological. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1994, 32.5 feem pua ntawm cov khoom khaws cia ntawm bauxite hauv Suav teb tau koom nrog rau theem tshawb nrhiav thiab 55.8 feem pua tau koom nrog rau theem kev soj ntsuam ntxaws. Ua ke, cov nyiaj khaws cia nrog cov qib siab saum toj no ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws suav nrog 88.3 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khaws cia hauv Suav teb.
Ib txwm tso nyiaj:
1. Guizhou bauxite deposit:
Lub Xiaoshanba Bauxite Mine hauv Xiuwen tau pib tshawb nrhiav hauv xyoo 1957, nrog rau tag nrho 20.264 lab tons ntawm bauxite pov thawj thiab qhov nruab nrab ore qib ntawm 67.91 feem pua. Xyoo 1979, thaj tsam Wulongsi mining tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Lub txaj ore tau stratified, nrog qhov tshwm sim maj mam, lub kaum sab xis ntawm 5 degree ~ 10 degree, thiab inclined mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj.
2. Shanxi bauxite deposit:
Thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv Ke'e ore block ntawm Ke'e bauxite deposit nyob rau hauv 1960, thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub Pujiayu ore block. Tag nrho ntawm 62.656 lab tons ntawm bauxite tau tshawb pom, nrog qhov nruab nrab ore qib ntawm 64.36 feem pua. Xyoo 1986, Shanxi Aluminium Cog pib mine Xiaoyi bauxite. Cov ore hom yog compact, ntxhib thiab pisolitic.
3. Henan bauxite deposit:
Qhov tso nyiaj tau tshawb fawb raws li cov av nplaum refractory los ntawm 1961 txog 1964 thiab tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom hauv xyoo 1966. Tag nrho cov pov thawj bauxite yog 9.497 lab tons. Lub hnub nyoog geological ntawm cov ore-cov kabmob txheej yog tib yam li Ke'e deposit nyob rau hauv Xiaoyi, Shanxi, uas belongs rau lub sij hawm Benxi ntawm lub lig Carboniferous.
4. Pingguo bauxite deposit:
Lub cheeb tsam mining muaj thaj tsam ntawm 1750km2, thiab muaj cov pob zeb sib sau ua ke hauv 132km ntawm kev faib cov txheej txheej ore. Thawj ore tau tshawb pom thawj zaug txij li xyoo 1959 txog xyoo 1961. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus sulfur siab ntawm cov thawj ore, nws siv tsis tau. Xyoo 1974, nws tau raug xa mus rau cov pob zeb sib xyaw rau kev tshawb nrhiav. Tag nrho cov pov thawj bauxite reserves ua ntej thiab tom qab kev tshawb fawb yog 126098000 tons, nrog rau qib nruab nrab ntawm 64.69 feem pua. Vim yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov sulfur siab ntawm cov txheej ore (1.5 feem pua ~ 7 feem pua), nws tseem nyuaj rau siv hauv kev lag luam.
5. Zunyi bauxite deposit:
Lub mine tau tshawb nrhiav hauv xyoo 1989, nrog cov pov thawj pov tseg ntawm 11.12 lab tons thiab qib ore nruab nrab ntawm 53.62 feem pua. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ore txaj yog complex, muaj ntau oreless skylights, thiab cov ore-bearing coefficient yog me me, txog 0.5. Cov pob zeb no yog nyob rau hauv-situ lateritized thiab denuded rau hauv bauxite, av nplaum minerals thiab lwm yam weathering crust cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog accumulated nyob rau hauv situ, thiab ib tug me me ntawm lawv yog tsim los ntawm me ntsis tsiv teb tsaws thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm nyob ze weathering crust bauxite minerals thiab av nplaum minerals. vim lub luag hauj lwm ntawm nqes hav deposit.
6. Penglai bauxite deposit:
Lub deposit yog ib tug niaj hnub tom qab bauxite deposit. Kev tshawb fawb dav dav thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tau ua txij li xyoo 1959 txog xyoo 1961. Xyoo 1975, cuaj lub cev xws li Robben 5 thiab 6 tau tshawb nrhiav dua. Tag nrho cov pov thawj bauxite reserves tau mus txog 21.906 lab tons, nrog rau qib nruab nrab ntawm 44.4 feem pua. Bauxite tau muab faib rau saum toj ntawm cov toj siab nrog qhov siab ntawm li 30 ~ 60m. Nws yog Tertiary rau Quaternary basalt weathered gibbsite bauxite deposit.
7. Zibo Wangcun Bauxite Mine:
Wangcun Bauxite Mine yog nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Zibo Basin. Kev tshawb fawb ntxaws tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1956, thiab kev tshawb fawb ua ntej thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tau ua los ntawm 1964 txog 1965. Kev qhib mining pib xyoo 1958 thiab xaus rau xyoo 1967. Xyoo 1965, nws pib tsim infrastructure thiab muab tso rau hauv 1966. Tag nrho cov pov thawj bauxite nyob rau hauv lub mine no yog 2.945 lab tons, uas yog ib tug me me deposit.