Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev cia siab ntawmbauxiteHauv Suav teb pib xyoo 1924, thaum cov neeg Nyij Pooj xws li Junxiong Banamoto tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb geological ntawm bauxite shale hauv Liaoyang, Liaoning Province thiab Yantai, Shandong Province. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov neeg Nyij Pooj thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb, xws li Wang Zhuquan, Xie Jiarong thiab Chen Hongcheng, tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb ntawm bauxite thiab bauxite shale hauv Zibo, Shandong, Tangshan thiab Kailuan, Hebei, Taiyuan, Xishan thiab Yangquan, Shanxi, thiab Benxi thiab Fuzhou Bay, Liaoning. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm bauxite nyob rau sab qab teb Suav teb pib xyoo 1940. Ua ntej, Bian Zhaoxiang tau tshawb xyuas cov bauxite ze Banqiao Town, Kunming, Yunnan. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm 1942 txog 1945, Peng Qirui, Xie Jiarong, Lesen Wangxun thiab lwm tus tau ua tiav kev soj ntsuam geological thiab kev ua qauv ntawm bauxite thiab high-alumina av nplaum ore hauv Yunnan, Guizhou thiab Sichuan. Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ua ntej kev tsim ntawm Cov Neeg Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab Tuam Txhab ntawm Tuam Tshoj yog qhov dav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb nrhiav.
Kev tshawb nrhiav geological tiag tiag ntawm bauxite tau pib tom qab nrhiav tau ntawm Cov Neeg Koom Tes ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Los ntawm 1953 txog 1955, pawg geological ntawm Ministry of Metallurgy thiab Ministry of Geology tau ua tiav kev tshawb nrhiav geological rau bauxite hauv Zibo, xeev Shandong, bauxite hauv Xiaoguan, Nroog Gongxian, Henan xeev (xws li Zhulingou, Chadian, Shuitou. , Zhongling thiab lwm qhov chaw mining), cov bauxite hauv Guizhou thiab Guizhou (xws li Linxi, Xiaoshanba, Yanlong thiab lwm qhov chaw mining), thiab thaj tsam Baijiazhuang mining hauv Yangquan, Shanxi, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav bauxite thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev ntawm yav dhau los Soviet Union cov bauxite specifications yam tsis xav txog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov bauxite, feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb geological tau txo qis thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas los ntawm 1960 txog 1962, thiab cov reserves yog. kuj txo ntau heev. Tom qab xyoo 1958, Tuam Tshoj tau sau qee qhov kev paub dhau los hauv kev tshawb nrhiav bauxite. Raws li kev tshawb fawb loj ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas, ntau qhov chaw mining tau tshawb pom thiab tshawb nrhiav. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: Henan Zhangyaoyuan, Guangxi Pingguo, Shanxi Xiaoyi Keru, Fujian Zhangpu, Hainan Penglai thiab lwm thaj chaw bauxite mining.
Lub mining ntawm bauxite nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj pib nyob rau hauv 1911. Lub sij hawm ntawd, cov neeg Nyij Pooj thawj mining cov bauxite nyob rau hauv Fuzhouwan, Liaoning Province, Suav teb. Tom qab ntawd, txij xyoo 1925 txog 1941, lawv tau khawb cov bauxite nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg A thiab G ntawm Liaoyang, Liaoning Province thiab Yantai, xeev Shandong. Cov mining saum toj no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv refractory. Txij xyoo 1941 txog 1943, cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau khawb qhov Tianzhuang thiab Hongtulpo ore seem ntawm Zibo Bauxite Hutian thiab Fengshui mining thaj chaw hauv Shandong Province, thiab cov ore tau siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau txhuas smelting. Tom qab ntawd, Taiwan Aluminium Corporation kuj tau ua me me mining rau txhuas smelting.
Kev loj hlob thiab kev siv bauxite nyob rau hauv Suav teb tau pib tom qab kev tsim cov neeg koom pheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Xyoo 1954, Fengshui mine hauv xeev Shandong, uas tau raug mined ntawm me me, tau rov qab ua ntej. Tom qab xyoo 1958, peb lub tuam txhab txhuas loj, 501, 502 thiab 503, tau ua tiav hauv Shandong, Henan thiab Guizhou xeev. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm peb cov nroj tsuag txhuas rau bauxite, aluminium raw khoom hauv paus xws li Zhangdian Aluminium Mine, Xiaoguan Aluminium Mine, Luoyang Aluminium Mine, Xiuwen Aluminium Mine, Qingzhen Aluminium Mine thiab Yangquan Aluminium Mine tau tsim hauv Shandong, Henan, Shanxi thiab Guizhou xeev.
Nyob rau xyoo 1980, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab tsim lub National Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation hauv xyoo 1983, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tshawb nrhiav bauxite geological thiab txhuas kev lag luam tau tsim sai heev, thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm aluminium loj nroj tsuag sawv cev los ntawm Shanxi Aluminium Cog thiab Guizhou Aluminium Cog tau tsim thiab nthuav. , uas tau nce cov khoom siv raw ntawm txhuas los ntawm tsawg dua 2000 tons hauv 1954 txog 1.87 lab tons hauv 1990s. Cov txheej txheem ua tiav ntawm txhuas kev lag luam tau tsim los ntawm geology, mining mus rau smelting thiab ua, thiab txhuas hlau thiab nws cov khoom ua tiav tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam.
Kev hloov pauv theem:
Raws li kev xav ntawm Liao Shifan thiab lwm tus, Tuam Tshoj cov nyiaj bauxite tuaj yeem muab faib ua huab cua puag thaum ub hom bauxite deposits thiab bauxite deposits tom qab.
Kev tsim cov huab cua puag thaum ub bauxite deposits hauv Suav teb tau dhau los ntawm peb theem. Thawj theem yog theem av, uas yog cov residual thiab deluvial aluminium-nplua nuj weathering crust cov khoom uas muaj bauxite minerals, av nplaum minerals, hlau oxide minerals, thiab lwm yam. tsim los ntawm huab cua nyob rau hauv atmospheric tej yam kev mob, xws li calc-laterite txheej, tom qab txheej los yog tom qab bauxite. Cov theem no yog nyob rau hauv-situ residual, tsub zuj zuj los yog off-site tsub zuj zuj theem nyob rau hauv atmospheric tej yam kev mob; Qhov thib ob yog cov txheej txheem aluminium-nplua nuj calcium-laterite, txheej tom qab lossis cov bauxite yog submerged los ntawm dej hiav txwv (los yog dej pas dej), qee qhov yog dej hiav txwv (los yog dej pas dej) tam sim ntawd, qee qhov yog dej hiav txwv ( los yog dej pas dej) tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm diagenesis, thiab maj mam faus tob hauv av, thiab cov thawj bauxite txheej yog tsim tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm diagenetic epigenesis evolution thiab transformation; Qhov thib peb theem yog lub supergene enrichment theem, uas yog hais tias tus thawj bauxite ore txheej yog nqa mus rau qhov ntiav ib feem ntawm lub nto nrog rau cov crust, thiab cov silica yog leached thiab cov txhuas yog enriched vim lub transformation ntawm cov dej nto los yog dej hauv av, tsim cov qib high-qib bauxite deposit nrog cov nqi lag luam. Cov huab cua puag thaum ub bauxite nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub Carboniferous. Qhov tsim ntawm hom bauxite deposit no muaj feem xyuam rau cov huab cua puag thaum ub ntawm kev yaig tsis tu ncua. Feem ntau hais lus, lub sij hawm erosion discontinuity yog ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub hauv paus bedrock yog carbonate pob zeb los yog aluminous thiab yooj yim weathered yooj yim extrusive pob zeb (xws li basalt), thiab cov deposit tsim yog feem ntau nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ore qib, tuab nyob rau hauv ore txaj thiab loj nyob rau hauv ore. lub cev loj.
Huab cua:
Raws li rau tom qab bauxite deposits, nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias lawv yog tsim los ntawm weathering ntawm aluminiferous pob zeb nyob rau hauv niaj hnub climatic tej yam kev mob. Tsuas muaj ib qho subclass ntawm tom qab bauxite deposits, hu ua Zhangpu lateritic bauxite deposits, uas yog bauxite deposits tsim los ntawm tsis ntev los no (Quaternary) weathering ntawm Tertiary rau Quaternary basalts. Lawv cov peev txheej tsawg heev, suav txog tsuas yog 1.17 feem pua ntawm Tuam Tshoj tag nrho cov bauxite reserves. Niaj hnub nimno bauxite nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog tsim nyob rau hauv low-latitude cheeb tsam, xws li Fujian, Hainan thiab ib co cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Guangdong. Cov cheeb tsam no muaj huab cua kub, dej nag ntau thiab yooj yim weathered basalt, yog li lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov bauxite niaj hnub tom qab. Raws li rau Tuam Tshoj lub Nansha Islands tuaj thiab Zhongsha Islands tuaj, txawm hais tias lawv kuj nyob rau hauv qis latitudes thiab muaj huab cua tsim bauxite, lub sij hawm rau cov Islands tuaj mus rau av tsis ntev, tsuas yog 10 mus rau 30 txhiab xyoo, thiab lub sij hawm huab cua. luv luv, yog li nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim bauxite deposits.
Cov bauxite residual feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm aluminosilicate thiab limestone, thiab tom qab ntawd feem ntau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw sov thiab subtropical. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm huab cua sov thiab subtropical yog qhov txawv ntawm lub caij los nag thiab lub caij qhuav, nrog rau tib lub sijhawm thiab tsis hnov tsw. Thaum lub caij los nag, dej nag loj (1500mm ~ 2500mm), thiab lub caij qhuav yeej tsis los nag. Qhov kub yog kub txhua xyoo puag ncig thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj me me, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm microbial. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov organic teeb meem (humus, organic acid, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau saum npoo yog nplua nuj heev, yog li ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm huab cua huab cua.
Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov bauxite yog qhov kub thiab txias huab cua. Nyob rau hauv lem, bauxite tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho cim ntawm huab cua huab cua puag thaum ub, tab sis nws yuav tsis meej pem nrog cov sediments uas tsis paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb thaum ub (xws li hlau tawv av txheej ntsig txog cov dej hauv av). Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb siv cov huab cua profile nyob rau hauv uas bauxite nyob ib qho chaw tsim nyog nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus los xyuas.