Epitalon(link:https://www.bloomtechz.com/synthetic-chemical/peptide/epitalon-powder-cas-307297-39-8.html) yog peptide molecule, uas yog suav hais tias muaj kev ua haujlwm lom neeg zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshuaj. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb epitalon peptide feem ntau yog tsom rau nws daim ntawv thov ua tus neeg saib xyuas kev laus.
Epitalon tuaj yeem ncua qhov ntev ntawm telomeres ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chromosomes los ntawm kev ua kom telomerase, yog li cuam tshuam zoo rau kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim dua tshiab ntawm qia hlwb. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Epitalon tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab, txo DNA kev puas tsuaj, thiab tswj cov kev qhia ntawm insulin-zoo li kev loj hlob yam tseem ceeb -1 (IGF-1), thiab thaum kawg ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo qhov ceev ntawm aging thiab prolonging lifespan.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Epitalon tseem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neuroprotective. Epitalon tuaj yeem txhim kho tib neeg kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txhawb lub cev kev lees paub thiab tshem tawm ntawm heterogeneous thiab self-antigens. Tsis tas li ntawd, Epitalon tuaj yeem txo cov cell tuag thiab neurodegeneration, yog li ua tiav cov teebmeem neuroprotective. Epitalon tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv kabmob kheesxaws, thiab siv nws cov teebmeem los ntawm kev tswj lub voj voog ntawm tes, txhawb nqa cell apoptosis, thiab inhibiting qog cell proliferation.
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Epitalon yog ib lub cev txhim kho lub cev, polypeptide compound uas muaj plaub amino acids alanine (Ala), glutamic acid (Glu), asparagine (Asp) thiab lysine (Lys). Cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm Epitalon feem ntau yog muab faib ua chemical synthesis thiab biosynthesis.
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis:
Epitalon yog peptide tsim los ntawm plaub cov amino acids nrog cov mis molecular C14H22N4O9. Epitalon tuaj yeem txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm tib neeg kev loj hlob hormone, yog li pab ncua kev laus, txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog, thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv.
1. Kev npaj Reactant:
Cov reactants rau synthesis ntawm Epitalon muaj xws li plaub amino acids, alanine (Ala), glutamic acid (Glu), asparagine (Asp) thiab lysine (Lys), thiab acylating reagents xws li Boc-Lys-OtBu thiab Asp (OtBu) 2 lwm. Lub purity ntawm cov amino acids thiab reagents yuav tsum siab tshaj 99 feem pua, txwv tsis pub cov khoom zoo yuav raug cuam tshuam.
2. Chemical Synthesis cov kauj ruam
2.1 Synthesis ntawm alanine-4-hydroxybutyric anhydride (Ala-Hyp):
First, mix alanine (Ala) and 4-hydroxybutyric anhydride (Hyp-OtBu), and carry out acylation reaction with an activator such as DCC, EDC, etc. under anhydrous environment to generate alanine-4-hydroxybutyric anhydride (Ala-Hyp). The final product was white crystals with >95 feem pua purity.
2.2 Synthesis of Ala-Hyp-Glu-OtBu:
The synthesized alanine-4-hydroxybutyric anhydride and glutamic acid-butyrate (Glu-OtBu) were mixed in proportion, and then underwent multiple condensation reactions in anhydrous environment to obtain Ala-Hyp-Glu-OtBu. The final product is a white powder with a purity >95 feem pua
2.3 Synthesis ntawm Epitalon:
Ntxiv Asp (OtBu) 2 thiab Boc-Lys-OtBu rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation hauv kev txiav txim tsim ua ntej, thiab dhau los ua ntau qhov kev tawm tsam kom tau txais Epitalon. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no:
ib. Deprotection pawg tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Ua ntej, Asp (OtBu) 2 raug tiv thaiv, thiab pab pawg tiv thaiv ntawm Asp (OtBu) 2 raug tshem tawm siv sodium hydroxide (NaOH) thiab trichloroacetic acid (TCA) los tsim cov qauv Asp thiab tso tawm BuOt tib lub sijhawm. Lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 1 teev, thiab qhov ntsuas kub yog chav sov. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nqa tawm acid-base neutralization, ntxiv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm saturated sodium chloride tov, ces precipitate nrog ethanol thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv lub nqus tsev vacuum kom tau Asp raws li ib tug dawb khoom.
b. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation:
Ntxiv Asp thiab Ala-Hyp-Glu-OtBu rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua ke kom tau Epitalon. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev kho mob sib txawv.
Thawj kauj ruam: tshem tawm pawg Ala-Hyp tiv thaiv:
Ua ntej, Ala-Hyp-Glu-OtBu tau yaj hauv methanol, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) thiab dej ntxiv kom tshem tawm Hyp-OtBu tiv thaiv pab pawg siv los tiv thaiv cov amino pawg los tsim Ala-Hyp-Glu-OH. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kho nrog NaOH tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau neutralize acidity.
Cov kauj ruam thib ob: tshem tawm Glu-OtBu tiv thaiv pawg:
Tom qab ntawd, tom qab kom qhuav tag, Ala-Hyp-Glu-OH tau tov nrog Boc-Lys-OtBu, trichloroacetic acid thiab dej ntxiv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshem tawm Glu-OtBu tiv thaiv pab pawg los tsim Ala-Hyp-Glu-Lys(Boc)-OtBu.
Kauj ruam 3: tshem tawm cov pab pawg tiv thaiv Lys:
Thaum kawg, ntxiv trichloroacetic acid, dej thiab methanol tshem tawm Boc-Lys-OtBu tiv thaiv pab pawg los tsim Epitalon. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kho nrog NaOH tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau neutralize acidity.
3. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim:
Cov khoom Epitalon yog thaum kawg tau, uas tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv thiab ua kom huv los ntawm ntau txoj kev tshuaj xyuas. Piv txwv li, cov kev txwv xws li purity, impurities thiab hnyav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv txoj kev ua kom huv xws li European Pharmacopoeia (EP) lossis Tebchaws Meskas Pharmacopeia (USP).
4. Cov ntsiab lus:
Epitalon yog ib lub cev txhawb zog uas tsim los ntawm plaub amino acids alanine, glutamic acid, asparagine thiab lysine. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis ntawm Epitalon feem ntau suav nrog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov txheej txheem ua kua-theem, uas yuav tsum tau txuas ntau cov amino acids ua ke los ntawm ntau theem kev tshwm sim. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab cov txheej txheem purification kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom muaj purity siab.
Txoj kev biosynthetic:
Txoj kev biosynthesis yog siv cov biocatalysis ntawm cov kab mob los yog cov enzymes hluavtaws los npaj Epitalon, suav nrog fermentation thiab enzyme catalysis.
1. Fermentation method: Fermentation method is a biosynthetic method using transgenic microorganism Escherichia coli to express Epitalon. Ua ntej, muab Epitalon gene sequence rau hauv Escherichia coli thiab loj-kev coj noj coj ua rau nws qhia. Tom qab ntawd, ntau yam kev ua kom huv huv xws li ion txauv chromatography thiab gel chromatography yog siv thaum kawg tau txais cov khoom ntshiab. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
1.1 Xaiv cov kab mob uas tsim nyog:
Txhawm rau tsim Epitalon, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv tus tswv tsev tsim nyog rau kev qhia. Feem ntau siv cov kab mob xws li Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli), poov xab (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) thiab fungi (Aspergillus oryzae). Thaum xaiv tus tswv tsev cov kab mob, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb cov kab mob hauv tsev puas muaj peev xwm los tsim cov proteins zoo, seb lawv puas tuaj yeem quav thiab hloov cov protein kom raug, thiab seb lawv puas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom lag luam siab.
1.2 Tsim cov noob kab ke thiab clone:
Tom qab tus tswv tsev cov kab mob raug xaiv, Epitalon gene sequence (xws li alanine, glutamic acid, asparagine thiab lysine base sequences) yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub party kab mob los ntawm DNA recombination technology. Feem ntau, cov gene sequence yog cloned rau hauv ib qho kev qhia vector uas suav nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li kev txhawb nqa thiab terminator sequences thiab xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
1.3 Kev nthuav qhia thiab kev huv:
Tom qab lub cloning tiav lawm, cov lus qhia vector yog hloov mus rau hauv tus tswv tsev kab mob, thiab ces kab lis kev cai. Thaum lub sij hawm cog qoob loo, tus tswv tsev cov kab mob yuav ua ke Epitalon raws li cov noob ib theem zuj zus hauv kev qhia vector. Thaum cov khoom raug tsim nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis txaus, nws tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm kev sib txawv purification thiab siab purity Epitalon tau txais.
2. Enzyme-catalyzed method: Txoj kev enzyme-catalyzed yog los ua ke Epitalon los ntawm kev sib txuas cov amino acids sib txawv nrog ntau cov enzymes. Piv txwv li, L-glutamate-5-aminase yog siv los catalyze cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm glutamate thiab butyrate los ua ke Glu-OtBu. Tom qab ntawd, siv L-asparaginase los ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation ntawm asparagine thiab Ala-Hyp-Glu-OtBu kom tau Epitalon.
Cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm Epitalon feem ntau yog muab faib ua chemical synthesis thiab biosynthesis. Tshuaj synthesis yog tam sim no feem ntau siv Epitalon synthesis txoj kev. Biosynthesis yog npaj Epitalon los ntawm biocatalysis ntawm microorganisms lossis hluavtaws enzymes, suav nrog fermentation thiab enzyme catalysis. Txawm hais tias txoj kev biosynthetic muaj peev xwm zoo, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv thiab kev ua kom zoo dua tseem xav tau. Epitalon yog ib qho tshuaj muaj peev xwm nrog rau kev siv dav dav, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev laus, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev tiv thaiv neuroprotection thiab kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Epitalon tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev noj qab haus huv los pab cov neeg siv khoom tiv thaiv kev laus, txhim khu kev tiv thaiv, thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb ntawm Epitalon tseem nyob hauv nws cov me nyuam mos, nws ntseeg tau tias nrog kev tshawb fawb tob txog nws cov txheej txheem thiab kev ua haujlwm, Epitalon yuav dhau los ua cov tshuaj tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom kho mob.