L-carnitine muaj, tseem hu ua L-carnitine thiab vitamin BT, cov tshuaj formula yog c7h15no3, thiab cov tshuaj npe yog (R) - 3-carboxyl-2-hydroxy-n, N, n-trimethylpropyl ammonium hydroxide sab hauv ntsev. Cov tshuaj sawv cev yog L-carnitine, uas yog ib qho amino acid uas txhawb kev hloov ntawm cov rog mus rau hauv lub zog. Nws muaj ntau lub zog physiological xws li roj oxidative decomposition, poob phaus, thiab tiv thaiv qaug zog. Nws yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv thiab tau siv dav hauv cov khoom noj me nyuam mos Cov zaub mov noj, cov khoom noj ncaws pob, cov khoom noj khoom haus rau cov neeg laus thiab cov laus, cov khoom noj khoom haus fortifiers rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij thiab tsiaj pub additives, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb pom ntawm L-carnitine kuj lig piv nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj ntuj. Qhov tseeb, kev tshawb fawb tau pib thaum xyoo pua 20th. Thaum xub thawj, ob tug neeg Lavxias hu ua gulewitsch thiab krimberg pom L-carnitine los ntawm cov nqaij extract thiab npe nws nrog Latin carnis, uas txhais tau tias "tsiaj nqaij". Txij thaum ntawd los, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tau pib kawm nws tob. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg li. Hauv lwm qhov kev sim tsis ntev dhau los, Carter, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Illinois, tau lees paub tias vitamin BT yog carnitine. Xyoo 1958, Fritz pom tias L-carnitine ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv oxidation ntawm cov saw ntev fatty acids nyob rau hauv lub plawv thiab cov leeg nqaij, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov metabolism ntawm cov rog - Oxidative metabolic rate tuaj yeem ua kom cov rog ntawm cov hlwb (mitochondria) . . Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tau qhib lub sijhawm tshawb fawb ntawm L-carnitine hauv kev poob phaus. Xyoo 1980s, L-carnitine tau teev nyob txawv teb chaws raws li cov khoom lag luam thiab tau suav nrog hauv 22nd tsab ntawm USP. Tsis ntev tom qab xyoo 1985, Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thoob Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv nyob hauv Chicago tau faib L-carnitine ua "cov khoom noj khoom haus tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb". Txij thaum ntawd los, 22 lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam hauv ntiaj teb tau tso cai ntxiv L-carnitine rau cov menyuam mos mis hmoov los tiv thaiv carnitine deficiency. Xyoo 1995, cov khoom no tau dhau los ntawm EU daim ntawv pov thawj, lees paub nws qhov tseem ceeb raws li cov khoom noj ntxiv. Nrog rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws ntau ntxiv ntawm L-carnitine, Tuam Tshoj kuj tau pib kawm nws. Xyoo 1996, 16th National Technical Committee for Food Additive Standardization pom zoo siv L-carnitine hauv dej haus, mis nyuj haus, biscuits, dej haus, thiab mis nyuj hmoov. Txog tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb hauv Suav teb tau pib nkag mus rau theem tom ntej. Hauv xyoo 2003, L-carnitine tau lees paub tias yog kev noj zaub mov zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj kev phiv los ntawm International Obesity Health Organization.
Hauv vivo, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm L-carnitine yog los txhawb cov oxidation thiab lub zog ntawm cov roj fatty acids. Cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov rog dhau los ntawm mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria muaj peev xwm metabolize rog kom tso tawm lub zog thiab noj los ntawm lub cev, tab sis ntev-chain fatty acids tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau qhov teeb meem no. L-carnitine yog ib qho tseem ceeb coenzyme hauv cov roj metabolism. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev nkag ntawm fatty acids rau hauv mitochondria rau oxidative decomposition. Nws yog ib qho kev thauj mus los ntawm cov roj fatty acids. L-carnitine li fatty acid - Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm oxidation thiab TCA lub voj voog tuaj yeem hloov cov seem ntawm cov roj fatty acids thiab lwm cov fatty acids nyob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm sab nraum lub mitochondrial membrane mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ester acyl, thiaj li mus sib npaug. lub zog nyob rau hauv lub cell. Txij li thaum L-carnitine tuaj yeem txhawb nqa oxidation thiab lub zog ntawm cov roj fatty acids los ntawm mitochondrial membrane, nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib xyaw ntawm cov rog hauv lub cev los muab lub zog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, acetyl coenzyme A, cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov roj fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, thiab valine), thiab qabzib oxidation, kuj tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov cell membrane hauv daim ntawv ntawm acetylcarnitine, txhawb kev oxidation. thiab kev siv acetoacetic acid thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tshem tawm thiab siv cov ketones. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa oxidation ntawm peb lub zog cov as-ham hauv lub cev.
Carnitine tau siv los kho kev rog rog thiab poob phaus hauv xyoo 1970s. L-carnitine yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev rau kev poob phaus. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev noj haus. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los pab cov roj ntsha ntev ntev kom txo cov roj fatty acids - Oxidation yog qhov tsim nyog rau tib neeg lub cev siv cov rog thiab tib neeg lub cev siv cov rog, suav nrog kev hlawv rog ntau dhau rau lub zog yam tsis muaj kev phiv rau lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, xyuam xim rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev tawm dag zog thiab noj cov rog hauv lub cev kom txo qhov hnyav. Nws belongs rau txoj kev poob phaus yam tsis muaj kev noj haus, anorexia, qaug zog, thiab raws plab. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim cuam tshuam tau pom tias nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus thawj coj nyob thiab noj zaub mov, cov neeg kawm tau noj L-carnitine tsis tu ncua raws li qhov teev tseg ntawm cov khoom noj qab haus huv rau 35 hnub. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov neeg kawm qhov hnyav, lub duav ncig, lub duav ncig, tag nrho lub cev rog, thiab cov rog subcutaneous ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus tau txo qis, thiab kev tawm dag zog ntawm cov kev kawm tsis txo qis tom qab kuaj. Tsis muaj qhov txawv txav hauv cov tsos mob thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm cov kev kawm ua ntej thiab tom qab kuaj, Nws kuj ua pov thawj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig hauv kev kho mob rog.
L-carnitine tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb yuav tsum txhob txwm muab qee yam tshuaj ntxiv kom tsis txhob rog rog thiab hloov cov khoom noj txhua hnub ua ntej. L-carnitine ib txwm muaj nyob hauv txhua hom nqaij thiab mis nyuj. Tsiaj zaub mov muaj cov ntsiab lus siab. Cov khoom noj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus nplua nuj muaj xws li poov xab, whey, siab, nqaij ntshiv, plawv, mutton, nqaij qaib, luav, thiab mis nyuj. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias 0.6 g crystalline carnitine tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm 450 g nqaij nyug extract thiab 100 g lactose hmoov uas muaj 2 feem pua L-carnitine tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm 56 kg mis nyuj. Rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij, txoj kev no tsis yog qhov xav tau, yog li peb kuj tau txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm L-carnitine hauv cov zaub mov cog kuj tsawg dua piv nrog cov tsiaj txhu. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lysine thiab methionine, ob qho tseem ceeb amino acids rau carnitine synthesis, kuj yog tsawg, avocado, kiwi txiv hmab txiv ntoo, raisin, papaya, txiv qaub, aloe Nws muaj nyob rau hauv Alpine txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li nplooj nplooj thiab malt. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev noj zaub mov zoo tib yam, peb tuaj yeem noj ntau yam tshuaj no los txhim kho peb lub cev, ntxiv cov as-ham thiab tiv thaiv kev rog.