DMHAyog ib qho organic compound uas feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho kev ua txhaum cai hauv kev tawm dag zog lub cev vim nws muaj zog irritant thiab stimulant los. Nws keeb kwm kev tshawb pom yog luv luv, yos rov qab mus rau 2009.
Xyoo 2009, cov khoom noj khoom haus hu ua "Jack3d" tau nrov hauv Asmeskas kev ua lag luam, thiab nws cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm tias "dawb ntawm cov khoom txwv tsis pub". Txawm li cas los xij, US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) tau tshaj tawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav rau qhov ntxiv tom qab ntau tus neeg ncaws pob tau kuaj pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tshuaj txwv. Tom qab kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas, lawv pom tias cov tshuaj ntxiv muaj DMHA, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis raug cai.
Txij thaum ntawd los, DMHA tau txais kev saib xyuas thoob plaws thiab tau suav nrog lub koom haum tiv thaiv doping cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tseem siv nyob rau hauv qee lub tebchaws, nws suav tias yog kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.
1, 5-Dimethylhexylamine(DMHA) yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab compound, uas yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab thiab surfactants, thiab muaj dav daim ntawv thov prospects. Tam sim no, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas ntawm DMHA, thiab cov kev siv hluavtaws feem ntau yuav raug tshuaj xyuas hauv qab no.
1. Succinic anhydride-1-methylcyclohexylamine txoj kev:
Cov qauv no yog ib txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm DMHA, thiab cov khoom siv raw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj kev no feem ntau suav nrog 1-methylcyclohexylamine, dimethyl succinate, sulfuric acid, aluminium trichloride, hydrogen chloride thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, dimethyl succinate thiab 1-methylcyclohexylamine tau txais lub nplhaib kaw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv catalysis ntawm sulfuric acid thiab txhuas trichloride kom tau 1,5-dimethylcyclooctanone; tom qab ntawd siv Alkaline oxidants xws li sodium hydroxide oxidize 1, 5-dimethylcyclooctanone rau cov ketoacid hloov pauv xeev cov tebchaw; Thaum kawg hydrolyze hauv hydrogen chloride los yog acetic acid kom tau lub hom phiaj khoom DMHA. Cov txheej txheem synthesis yog yooj yim, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 80 feem pua.
2. Curtrice cyclization txoj kev:
Hauv txoj kev, 2-pentanone yog siv los ua raw khoom, thiab 1,5-cyclohexanedione yog tsim los ntawm Ketris cyclization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab hloov mus rau hauv DMHA los ntawm kev txo qis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raw cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog 2-pentanone, dimethyl succinate, aluminium trichloride, tetrahydrofuran thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li hauv qab no: thawj react dimethyl succinate nrog txhuas trichloride kom tau txais cov khoom siv dextrorotatory methyl succinate, uas yog decarboxylated rau daim ntawv 2-pentanone tom qab kev kho cua sov; ces 2-pentanone thiab tetrahydrofuran React nrog txhuas trichloride los tsim 1,5-cyclohexanedione; Thaum kawg, lub hom phiaj khoom DMHA tau txais los ntawm hydrogenation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev ua haujlwm ib ntus ntawm txoj kev no yog cumbersome, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob me me, kev siv tau dav, thiab cov txiaj ntsig siab.
3. Fatty acid txo txoj kev:
Txoj kev siv fatty acids ua raw cov ntaub ntawv, tsim cov cawv sib xws los ntawm kev txo qis, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li lub cev qhuav dej thiab catalytic hydrogenation thaum kawg tau DMHA. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raw cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog fatty acid, ethanol, acetic acid, catalyst thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no: thawj react fatty acid nrog ethanol kom tau txais cov fatty acid ethyl ester; tom qab ntawd siv acetic acid thiab catalyst los ua kom lub cev qhuav dej kom tau txais cov roj fatty acid aldehyde; thaum kawg hloov mus rau 1 los ntawm hydrogenation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog stannous oxide-cycloheptane cov tshuaj tiv thaiv 5-Dimethylhexylamine. Lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev no yog ntev, tab sis kev khiav hauj lwm yog yooj yim, cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom yog yooj yim kom tau, thiab nws yog haum rau loj-scale ntau lawm, thiab yield yog siab.
4. Fatty amino acid txo txoj kev:
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, fatty amino acid yog siv los ua raw khoom, thiab DMHA yog thaum kawg tau los ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab alkylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raw cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog fatty amino acid, sodium borohydride, sodium methyl iodide thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li hauv qab no: thawj zaug hnov mob fatty amino acid nrog sodium borohydride kom tau txais cov khoom txo qis; tom qab ntawd hnov cov khoom nrog methyl sodium iodide rau alkylation kom tau txais DMHA sib xws. Txoj kev no siv ntau yam khoom siv raw, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, thiab kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau ib puag ncig, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig qis.
5. Hydroxylamine alkylation txoj kev:
Hauv txoj kev, 2-hydroxyl-1-octylamine yog siv los ua raw khoom kom tau DMHA los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkylation. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raw cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog 2-hydroxy-1-octylamine, methyl iodide, sodium carbonate thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no: thawj react 2-hydroxy-1-octylamine nrog methyl iodide kom tau txais cov khoom siv alkylated; tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov dej los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid-catalyzed kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam DMHA. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev no yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tab sis lub purity ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom yog tsawg thiab yuav tsum tau purified ntxiv.
Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem saum toj no yog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm DMHA, txhua tus muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov qauv tsim nyog tuaj yeem xaiv raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag.
DMHA yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas muaj cov tshuaj amine. Nws cov qauv tshuaj muaj 1,5-hexadienyl, nws cov mis molecular yog C8H19N, thiab nws yog xim tsis muaj xim rau daj ntseg daj kua compound. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, DMHA tau nyiam ntau yam vim nws siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, tshuaj, thiab zaub mov, nrog rau nws txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej.
DMHA Market Txheej txheem cej luam:
Kev lag luam xav tau tsav kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm DMHA. Piv nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj, DMHA muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Nws yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, yog li txaus siab rau ntau yam kev siv sib txawv. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb, nrog rau cov leeg enhancers, roj additives, surfactants, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam suav nrog proton twj tso kua mis inhibitors, locomotor enhancers, thiab oilfield thib ob cov neeg ua haujlwm rov qab, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev rau cov leeg nqaij hauv cov neeg ncaws pob, vim nws tuaj yeem pab cov neeg ncaws pob nce cov leeg nqaij thiab txhim kho kev ua siab ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov roj rov qab hauv cov roj av, uas tuaj yeem pab txhim kho tus nqi rov qab ntawm cov roj crude.
Txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej:
Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev siv thiab kev lag luam xav tau ntawm DMHA yuav nce ntxiv. DMHA kuj tau siv dav hauv kev ua kis las noj haus thiab qoj ib ce. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, qhov kev thov rau kev ua kis las thiab kev tawm dag zog yuav txuas ntxiv rau kev txhim kho thiab siv DMHA.
Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv thov ntawm DMHA yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav tau lub zog thoob ntiaj teb. Cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo li no muaj kev siv dav dav hauv kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj rov qab hauv cov roj av, txhim kho thee-rau-natural gas, dej nyab hauv oilfields, thiab grouting hauv lub hauv paus pits.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev tshwm sim tas li ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, hloov pauv rau DMHA yuav maj mam tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev tsim thiab siv DMHA, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau nws qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv, thiab nws cov kev tsis zoo yuav tsum raug txo kom ntau li ntau tau.