Xylazine Hydrochlorideyog ib qho tshuaj siv rau kev kho tsiaj. Nws tuaj yeem ua ib qho tshuaj loog thiab sedative los txo qhov tsis xis nyob thiab mob ntawm cov tsiaj thaum lub sij hawm phais thiab lwm yam kev kho mob. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj hluavtaws feem ntau siv rau cov kws kho tsiaj ua cov tshuaj sedative thiab tshuaj loog. Hauv kev tshawb fawb teb, Xylazine Hydrochloride kuj tseem siv los ua tshuaj loog thiab pub ntxiv rau cov tsiaj sim. Kab lus no yuav qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm Xylazine Hydrochloride.
1. Glycosylation txheej txheem:
Txoj kev glycosylation yog ib txoj hauv kev los npaj Xylazine Hydrochloride. Hauv txoj kev no, Xylazine hydrochloride tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev sib txuas Xylazine nrog cov suab thaj. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm sodium thiab amino reductase. Thaum cov txheej txheem no, ammonium chloride yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev crystallization, ua rau cov hmoov dawb.
1.1. Kev npaj ntawm Sorbitol Derivatives
Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum npaj sorbitol derivatives ua ntej rau kev sib txuas ntawm Xylazine Hydrochloride. Sorbitol derivatives tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
Kauj Ruam 1. Dissolve sorbitol thiab 4-hydroxybutyrate methyl ester hauv isopropanol thiab hnov mob hauv chav sov li 24 teev.
Kauj Ruam 2. Hloov cov reactant mus rau qhov sib xyaw ntawm acetone / dej thiab cua sov rau reflux rau 18 teev.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tom qab txias, lim cov tshuaj thiab khov kom qhuav.
Kauj ruam 4. Dissolve cov khoom nyob rau hauv kub ethanol, txias dua thiab lim kom tau ib tug sorbitol derivative.
1.2. Glycosylation synthesis cov kauj ruam ntawm Xylazine Hydrochloride:
Thaum qhov kev npaj ntawm sorbitol derivatives tiav lawm, peb tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog glycosylation synthesis ntawm Xylazine Hydrochloride, raws li hauv qab no:
Kauj Ruam 1. Dissolve cov derivative ntawm sorbitol thiab chloroacetyl chloride nyob rau hauv dichloromethane thiab react rau 4 teev.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntxiv methyl vinyl sodium iodide thiab acrolein nyob rau hauv lub teeb thiab ua rau 16 teev.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv qabzib thiab tetrahydroxazol-1-ethanol, thiab ua rau 16 teev.
Kauj Ruam 4. Ntxiv sodium hydroxide aqueous tov thiab methyl cawv rau cov dej rho tawm.
Kauj Ruam 5. Extract nrog ether, qhuav thiab mloog zoo nrog ether los npaj Xylazine Hydrochloride.
2. Nitration txo synthesis txoj kev:
Txoj kev txo nitrification yog lwm txoj hauv kev los npaj Xylazine Hydrochloride. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, Xylazine yog thawj zaug raug rau nitric acid los tsim nitro Xylazine. Tom qab ntawd, raws li kev txo qis ntawm nitrite, pawg nitro hloov mus rau hauv ib pawg amino, thiab cov khoom yog Xylazine Hydrochloride. Txoj kev no yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj reagents uas tsim nyog thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim los xyuas kom meej qhov purity thiab tawm los ntawm cov khoom.
Nitrification: Nitrification yog txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia cov pab pawg nitro raws li hydroxylamine, feem ntau yog siv qee cov oxidizing reagents. Cov xwm txheej, cov tshuaj reagents, thiab cov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrification tuaj yeem sib txawv, tab sis feem ntau cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tau ua.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Feem ntau siv cov reagents rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrification muaj xws li cov tshuaj oxidizing heev xws li nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, thiab silver nitrate. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrification, nitric acid yog feem ntau siv nitrifying reagent.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: Nitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau ntawm 0 txog 10 degree . Qhov no yog vim nitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho yooj yim exothermic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau thiab tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws kub los yog tawg.
Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitration yuav tsum tau ua ntau zaus kom ntseeg tau tias pawg nitro tau nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw ua tau. Ib txoj hauv kev uas nquag siv yog siv cov concentrated nitric acid ua ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv dropwise, cia nitric acid maj mam drip rau hauv cov tshuaj hydroxylamine thaum tsis tu ncua stirring, thiab tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub.
Kev txo qis: Kev txo qis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo cov nitro pawg rau cov amino pawg. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj txo qis rau kev txo cov tshuaj muaj xws li rhodium chemistry, hlau sulfate txo, thiab txo hydrogen. Txoj kev txo cov hydrogen yog ib txoj kev txo qis rau Xylazine Hydrochloride.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv reagent: Txoj kev txo cov hydrogen yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj txo cov tshuaj thiab cov catalysts, feem ntau yog txhuas nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, los yog sodium hydroxide, thaum lub catalyst feem ntau siv rhodium catalysts.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim: Kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 130-160 degree thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab ntawm 2-3MPa.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw inert los tiv thaiv tus neeg sawv cev txo thiab catalyst los ntawm reacting nrog oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.
Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb: Kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw inert. Cov nitro compound, txo tus neeg sawv cev, catalyst, thiab hnyav ntxiv rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau ua kom sov los ua qhov txo qis hauv qhov kub thiab txias, thaum kawg tau txais Xylazine Hydrochloride.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov lus qhia saum toj no yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev npaj Xylazine Hydrochloride ntawm cov txheej txheem tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv los ntawm nws tus kheej lossis ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev los npaj Xylazine Hydrochloride zoo uas ua tau raws li cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.