5-Fluoro-2-nitroanilineyog ib qho tseem ceeb nitrogen-muaj tshuaj tsw qab, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kws tshuaj, dyes, cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam teb. Ntau txoj kev hluavtaws ntawm 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline yuav qhia hauv qab no.
1. Ua ntej, kev sib txuas ntawm 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline los ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab nitration tau qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv raw rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog p-fluoronitrobenzene thiab concentrated nitric acid, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, qhov loj piv ntawm cov reactants yog 1: 1.3 ~ 1.5, thiab lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ntau tshaj 10 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog tsim nyog los tswj qhov kub thiab txias thiab ntxiv ib tug diluent los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog cov av liab-xim av, uas tuaj yeem ua crystallized thiab ntxuav kom tau txais 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm muaj zog electrophilic nitrogen ion (Nitronium ion, NO2 plus), cov hydrogen atom ntawm lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab yog hloov los ntawm ib pawg nitro (Nitro pawg, -NO2), yog li tsim cov nitro compound. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
Kauj Ruam 1: Kev npaj ntawm nitrated tov acid
Ua ntej npaj 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj nitrated tov acid. Nitrating mixed acid, uas yog, sib tov ntawm nitric acid thiab concentrated sulfuric acid, yog ib tug nquag siv nitrating tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm nitro tebchaw. Cov kauj ruam npaj ua pob zeb yog raws li nram no:
(1.) Nyob rau hauv qee qhov txias txias, maj mam tso cov concentrated sulfuric acid rau hauv qhov txias txias concentrated nitric acid;
(2.) Cov npaj sib xyaw nitrating acid yuav tsum tau ua kom txias thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub kaw cov organic hnyav distillation ntaus ntawv.
Kauj ruam 2: Synthesis ntawm 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline
Tom qab npaj cov nitrated tov kua qaub, cov synthesis ntawm 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline tuaj yeem ua tiav. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
(1.) Dissolve 5-fluoro-2-aminophenylacetic acid nyob rau hauv sodium hydroxide tov, extract nrog ether thiab qhuav. Cov khoom tau txais: 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenylacetic acid.
(2.) Dissolve 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenylacetic acid nyob rau hauv nitrating mixed acid, thiab ntxiv cov concentrated sulfuric acid. Theoretical molar ratio ntawm cov reactants yog 1: 2: 3.
(3.) Thaum ntxiv cov reactants, khaws qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov tsis pub tshaj 5 degree. Tom qab reacting rau 1-2 teev, lim thiab ntxuav lub precipitate nrog dej khov, thiab thaum kawg muab rho tawm nrog ether kom tau txais 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline .
Saum toj no:
Los ntawm cov kauj ruam saum toj no, 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline tuaj yeem ua tiav tiav. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov tshuaj tsw qab nitration yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum muaj kev sim tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm siab heev. Thaum ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis, thiab kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum yog thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab.
2. Txoj kev thib ob yog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitrification catalyzed los ntawm phosphorus pentoxide. Cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog kom yaj 2-amino-5-fluorophenol hauv acetone, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv me me ntawm phosphorus pentoxide. Ntxiv nitric acid rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv daim ntawv titration, thiab tswj qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab 0 degree thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav lawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom yog ntxuav nrog dej, yaj nrog dilute acid thiab purified los ntawm crystallization kom tau txais 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Npaj cov reactants: sib tov cov organic compound uas muaj cov amino pawg nrog nitric acid, thiab ntxiv phosphorus pentoxide catalyst.
2. Cov catalyst ua haujlwm: phosphorus pentoxide catalyst plays lub luag haujlwm catalytic thiab accelerates cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej: Hauv qab catalysis ntawm phosphorus pentoxide, hydrogen ion (Hntxiv) nyob rau hauv cov nitric acid molecule undergoes lub cev qhuav dej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim nitroso ion (NO2-) thiab dej molecule (H2O).
4. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Oxidation: Nitroso ions react nrog phosphorus pentoxide catalyst los tsim cov pa oxygen thiab nitrate ions (NO2 plus).
5. Ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Nitro ions tua cov amino pawg hauv cov organic molecules los tsim cov tshuaj nitroso.
6. Ntxiv oxidation: Cov nitroso compound yog ntxiv oxidized los ntawm phosphorus pentoxide catalyst thiab hloov mus rau hauv nitro compound.
7. Crystallization los yog extraction: Raws li kev xav tau, cov nitro compounds tau muab cais los ntawm crystallization lossis extraction.
Hauv kev xaus, los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nitration catalyzed los ntawm phosphorus pentoxide, peb tuaj yeem hloov cov amino pawg hauv cov organic molecules rau hauv pawg nitro. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj ntau yam kev siv tshuaj, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, dyes thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
3. Cov txheej txheem hluavtaws thib peb yog kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov amino compound los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv amination ntawm CN daim ntawv cog lus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug tau txais ethyl 2-amino-5-fluorobenzoate, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov tshuaj ammonolysis los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov catalyst. Feem ntau siv cov catalysts yog ferrous ntsev, tooj liab ntsev, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv alkaline tshuaj xws li sodium hydroxide rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cua sov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov txawv txav ntawm sodium ntsev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsim 5-fluoro{{5 }}Nitroaniline.
Cov kauj ruam kev sim yog raws li nram no:
(1.) Ua ntej ziab cov isopropylamine hauv lub desiccator kom ntseeg tau tias cov isopropylamine siv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj dej noo.
(2.) Sib tov 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzoic acid thiab isopropylamine ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 2 thiab ntxiv rau 500ml puag ncig hauv qab khob.
(3.) Ntxiv cov kua qaub catalyst. Feem ntau, cov concentrated sulfuric acid los yog phosphoric acid yog siv los ua cov kua qaub catalyst. Hauv qhov kev sim no, peb yuav siv cov concentrated sulfuric acid ua cov kua qaub catalyst. Maj mam ntxiv 25 mL ntawm cov concentrated sulfuric acid rau hauv lub khob.
(4.) Muab lub raj mis tso rau hauv lub hwj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab ntxiv isopropylamine uas nyuam qhuav boiled qhuav rau kev qhia txog cov amino pawg. Ob peb spiral stirrers yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau lub reactor kom paub meej tias cov reactants nyob rau hauv qab tsis nyob.
(5.) Tig lub agitator thiab ua pa ntawm qhov kub ntawm 140-150 degree rau 2-3 teev. Nitrogen tuaj yeem siv los ua kom txias thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
(6.) Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dhau lawm, txias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov nrog dej txias, ntxiv sodium hydroxide tov rau qhov sib tov, thiab neutralize sulfuric acid nyob rau hauv.
(7.) Lim cov sib tov, thiab ntxuav cov khoom lim nrog kub ethanol.
(8.) Cov khoom npaj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj xws li NMR thiab IR.
4. Txoj kev kawg uas tau nthuav tawm yog kev sib txuas ntawm 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline los ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Dissolve 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenol nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj cawv, ntxiv sodium borohydride ua ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev, thiab kub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txog thaum kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav lawm, cov kua qaub ntxiv rau kev kho acidification, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ntxuav nrog ethanol thiab dej kom tau cov ntshiab 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline. Cov hauv qab no yog cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline:
(1.) Synthesis ntawm 2-fluoro-5-nitroaniline: react 2-amino-5-fluoronitrobenzene thiab acetic acid nyob rau hauv muaj sulfuric acid kom tau txais 2-fluoro{ {6}}nitroaniline.
(2.) Txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Dissolve 2-fluoro-5-nitroaniline hauv acetone, ntxiv sodium sulfite, thiab ua kom txo qis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov cua kub reflux. Nres cua sov tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav, thiab ntxuav nrog dej kom tau txais 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline.
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
Sodium sulfite tsim sodium bisulfite hauv dej. Cov tshuaj no muaj qhov txo qis zoo thiab tuaj yeem pauv nrog cov pab pawg nitro hauv nitroaniline los tsim ib qho kev ruaj khov nitrosoaniline. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tas mus li ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm hydrogen atoms tshwm sim hauv nitrosoaniline kom tau txais 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline.
Hauv kev sim ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub sij hawm tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev txo qis thiab cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv ntau dhau ntawm sodium sulfite tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txo qis.
Cov saum toj no yog ntau hom hluavtaws hluavtaws rau 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline, txhua txoj kev muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov txheej txheem hluavtaws tsim nyog tuaj yeem xaiv raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag. Ntawm lawv, tus nqi ntawm synthesis los ntawm nitration cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsawg tab sis qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyab xeeb yog siab, thaum lub synthesis nqi ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siab tab sis tsawg txaus ntshai, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv.