2-Chloronicotinic acidyog ib qho organic compound nrog CAS {{0}} thiab tshuaj formula C6H4ClNO2. Nws yog dawb crystalline hmoov. Lub solubility hauv dej yog qhov tsawg, txog 0.9 grams ib 100 milliliters dej. Thaum kub hnyiab hauv huab cua, tshuaj lom nitrogen oxide gases raug tsim. Nws muaj zoo solubility nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents xws li ethanol, acetone, thiab dimethyl sulfoxide. Nws yog cov organic acid nrog cov kua qaub aqueous thiab pH tus nqi qis dua 7. Nws yog ib qho asymmetric molecule thiab yog li ntawd muaj chirality. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ob lub chiral isomers, uas yog sab laug thiab sab xis.
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Txha cov roj chlorine rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm phosphorus oxychloride thiab phosphorus trichloride, tswj qhov kub ntawm ib ncig ntawm 60 degree, kom txog thaum cov chlorine seem khiav tawm. Tom qab txias, ntxiv N-oxidized niacin nyob rau hauv batch thiab kub. React ntawm 100-105 degree rau 1-1.5 teev, ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov pob tshab, do rau 30 feeb, txo qhov siab kom tshem tawm phosphorus oxychloride, txias qhov seem rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab ntxiv dej kom tau tiav khoom.
Nws feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
1. Synthesis ntawm 3-methylpyridine oxide:
Chemical Equation:
C6H7N+H2O2->C6H7 Nr
Cov kauj ruam no suav nrog oxidizing 3-methylpyridine rau 3-methylpyridine oxide nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm hydrogen peroxide. Qhov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation ib txwm, uas hydrogen peroxide ua oxidant los oxidize CH daim ntawv cog lus ntawm 3-methylpyridine rau CO daim ntawv cog lus.
2. Synthesis ntawm 2-chloro-3, 5-dimethylpyridine:
Chemical Equation:
C6H7NO+Cl3P ->C7H8ClN
Hauv cov kauj ruam no, 3-methylpyridine oxide reacts nrog phosphorus oxychloride los tsim 2-chloro-3, 5-dimethylpyridine. Qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas phosphorus oxychloride ua tus neeg sawv cev halogenating los hloov cov hydroxyl (lossis oxygen) hauv 3-methylpyridine oxide nrog cov tshuaj chlorine atom.
3. Sib cais 2-chloro-3, 5-dimethylpyridine thiab 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine:
Los ntawm cov txheej txheem crystallization thiab distillation, 2-chloro-3, 5-dimethylpyridine thiab 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txoj kev sib cais no yog nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev (xws li melting thiab boiling point) ntawm ob yam khoom.
4. Synthesis ntawm 2-chloro-3-trichloromethylpyridine:
Chemical Equation:
C6H6ClN+Cl2->C6H3Cl4N
Hauv cov kauj ruam no, 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine reacts nrog chlorine gas nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob los tsim 2-chloro-3-trichloromethylpyridine. Qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas cov roj chlorine ua tus neeg sawv cev halogenating los hloov cov hydrogen atom hauv 2-chloro-3-methylpyridine nrog chlorine atom.
5. Hydrolysis ntawm 2-chloro-3-trichloromethylpyridine:
Chemical Equation:
C6H3Cl4N+H2O ->C6H4ClNO2
Cov kauj ruam kawg yog los hloov 2-chloro-3-trichloromethylpyridine rau 2-chloronicotinic acid los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis. Hauv cov kauj ruam no, dej yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv reagent los hloov peb chlorine atoms hauv 2-chloro-3-trichloromethylpyridine nrog hydroxyl pawg, tsim 2-chloronicotinic acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis no yuav tsim tau 2-chloronicotinic acid lossis nws cov ntsev ntsig txog.
2-Chloroniacin yog ib qho organic compound nrog cov mis molecular C6H4ClNO2. Hauv cov qauv molecular, 2-chloronicotinic acid muaj ib lub chlorine atom, ib nitrogen atom, ob lub atoms oxygen, thiab ib lub nplhaib benzene. Kev npaj ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub molecule txiav txim siab lawv cov physicochemical zog thiab reactivity.
Ua ntej, cia peb txheeb xyuas cov qauv benzene hauv 2-chloronicotinic acid molecules. Lub nplhaib benzene yog lub nplhaib kaw uas muaj rau cov pa roj carbon atoms, uas tsim kev ruaj khov los ntawm kev sib koom electrons. Hauv 2-chloronicotinic acid, hydrogen atom ntawm lub nplhaib benzene yog hloov los ntawm chlorine atom, ua ib qho 2-chloro hloov. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine atom no ua rau 2-chloronicotinic acid tej yam tshwm sim thiab tso cai rau nws koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tom ntej no yog cov nitrogen thiab oxygen atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Ob lub nitrogen thiab oxygen atoms yog non-metallic atoms uas muaj ib tug khub ntawm ib leeg electrons, tsim amino thiab carbonyl pawg nyob rau hauv lub molecule, feem. Cov amino pawg yog - NH2, uas muab 2-chloronicotinic acid ib qho alkalinity thiab tso cai rau nws ua rau cov kua qaub los yog muaj kev hloov pauv nucleophilic. Cov pa roj carbonyl pawg yog - CO2 pawg, uas muab 2-chloronicotinic acid ib qho acidity thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm electrophilic.
Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv tau hais los saum toj no, 2-chloronicotinic acid kuj muaj cov qauv nruj. Vim lub xub ntiag ntawm benzene rings thiab chlorine atoms, tag nrho cov molecule nthuav tawm ib qho qauv qauv. Cov qauv nruj no muab 2-chloronicotinic acid siab reactivity thiab selectivity nyob rau hauv tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab yuav siv tau los ua ke ntau yam tebchaw nrog rau tej functions.
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, 2-chloronicotinic acid feem ntau yog siv los ua ke qee cov organic tebchaw, xws li pyridine, pyrimidine, thiab lwm yam. Cov tebchaw no muaj kev siv dav hauv cov teb xws li dyes, fragrances, thiab tshuaj tua kab. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj sib txawv, cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem tau txais, muab cov intermediates tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov xim, tshuaj tsw qab, tshuaj tua kab thiab lwm yam khoom.
Ntxiv nrog rau nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, 2-chloronicotinic acid kuj tseem siv los ua ke qee cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua ke qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog cov bioactive molecules sib txawv, cov khoom sib xyaw me me nrog cov khoom siv lom neeg tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tau txais, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuaj thiab biotechnology. .
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv molecular ntawm 2-chloronicotinic acid kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau rau nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov synthesis ntawm fluorescent dyes. Vim muaj qee yam kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab cov kab ke sib txuas hauv cov molecule, 2-chloronicotinic acid tuaj yeem siv los ua ke cov dyes nrog cov fluorescence wavelength tshwj xeeb. Cov dyes no muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv daim teb xws li biomarkers, fluorescent probes, thiab fluorescence imaging.