Ethyl acetate hmoov, tseem hu ua ethyl acetate, yog cov organic compound nrog cov tshuaj formula C4H8O2. Nws yog ib qho ester nrog kev ua haujlwm pab pawg coor (ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon thiab oxygen). Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alcoholysis, ammonolysis, transesterification, txo thiab lwm yam esters. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua kuab tshuaj, noj qab haus huv, ntxuav thiab degreasing tus neeg sawv cev.
Ethyl acetate tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ester xws li alcoholysis, ammonolysis, transesterification, txo qis thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sodium hlau, nws condenses cia li mus tsim 3-hydroxy-2-butanone los yog ethyl acetoacetate; Nws reacts nrog Grignard reagent los tsim ketone, thiab ntxiv reacts kom tau tertiary cawv. Ethyl acetate yog qhov ruaj khov rau cov cua sov, thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv thaum rhuab ntawm 290 degree rau 8 ~ 10 teev. Nws yog decomposed rau hauv ethylene thiab acetic acid thaum dhau los ntawm liab kub hlau yeeb nkab. Zinc hmoov rhuab mus rau 300 ~ 350 degree yog decomposed rau hauv hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetone thiab ethylene. Alumina dehydrated ntawm 360 degree tuaj yeem decomposed rau hauv dej, ethylene, carbon dioxide thiab acetone. Ethyl acetate yog decomposed los ntawm ultraviolet hluav taws xob los tsim 55 feem pua carbon monoxide, 14 feem pua carbon dioxide, 31 feem pua hydrogen los yog methane thiab lwm yam combustible gases. Nws reacts nrog ozone los tsim acetaldehyde thiab acetic acid. Gaseous hydrogen halide reacts nrog ethyl acetate los tsim haloethane thiab acetic acid. Ntawm lawv, hydrogen iodide yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev hnov mob, thiab hydrogen chloride yuav tsum tau muaj zog kom decompose ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws yog rhuab mus rau 150 degree nrog phosphorus pentachloride los tsim chloroethane thiab acetyl chloride. Ethyl acetate thiab hlau ntsev tsim ntau yam crystalline complexes. Cov complexes yog soluble nyob rau hauv kiag li ethanol tab sis insoluble nyob rau hauv ethyl acetate, thiab yog yooj yim hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv dej.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis: Ethyl acetate yooj yim rau hydrolyze. Thaum muaj dej nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws kuj maj mam hydrolyzes rau acetic acid thiab ethanol. Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus tuaj yeem txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis. Qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm alkaline hydrolysis thiab acid hydrolysis ntawm ethyl acetate yog tias alkaline hydrolysis yog irreversible, uas yog, reversible txheej txheem thiab irreversible txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism. Acetic acid reacts reversibly nrog ethanol los tsim ethyl acetate. Yog vim li cas vim li cas cov laus cawv qab qab zoo yog tias me me ntawm acetic acid nyob rau hauv cov cawv txiv hmab reacts nrog ethanol los tsim ethyl acetate nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsw.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej cawv: CH3COOB2CH3plus CH3OH⇌CH3COOB3plus CH3CH2OH
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ammonolysis: NH3ntxiv rau C2H5OOCCH3=C2H5OH plus CH3CONH2
Kev npaj ntawm ethyl acetoacetate: Ethyl acetoacetate tau npaj los ntawm Claisen ester condensation nrog anhydrous ethyl acetate thiab nws yog xim hlau sodium ua raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshaj ethyl acetate raws li hnyav.
2 CH UA3COOC2H5(NaOC2H5) → Na plus [CH3COCHCOOC2H5]-(HOAC)→CH3COCH2COOC2H5plus NaOAC
Artificial synthesis ntawm ethyl acetate: nws tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetic acid los yog nws cov derivatives nrog ethanol, los yog sodium acetate. Muaj ntau txoj kev hluavtaws ntawm acetic acid thiab acetic acid vinegar, uas yog siv los ntawm kev ncaj qha esterification ntawm acetic acid thiab ethyl cawv nyob rau hauv acid catalysis. Nws yog feem ntau synthesized los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm concentrated thiab haloethane. Ntawm lawv, feem ntau siv txoj kev yog lub laub system ntawm Commission ntawm txoj cai, lub nroog thiab lub rear. Yog hais tias cov concentrated acid yog siv los ua cov catalyst, nws yuav yog cov kua qaub, hydrogen chloride, p-methylenephalic acid los yog muaj zog acid qhov ntau npaum ntawm Dianli yog 0.3 feem pua ntawm cawv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab:
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification yog thim rov qab, thiab cov kev ntsuas los txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig yog: - ntawm ib sab, ntxiv ethanol ntau dhau, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis tu ncua evaporate cov khoom thiab dej thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiaj li txhawb kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib npaug. . Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib xyaw ntawm ester thiab dej los yog ethyl acetate yog ze rau ntawm equine ethyl acetate. Txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim cov dej tsis muaj dej thiab chav dej tsawg dua ethanol kom sai li sai tau, qhov kev sim no siv cov txheej txheem qib siab tshaj plaws rau fractionation.
GB 2760-1996 yog qhov tso cai noj qab haus huv. Ib qho me me ntawm nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov ntsiab lus xws li magnolia, Ylang Ylang Ylang, osmanthus, rabdosia thiab dej tso quav, txiv hmab txiv ntoo hom tshuaj tsw qab, thiab lwm yam. mellow nyhuv. Haum rau cherry, txiv duaj, apricot, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, strawberry, raspberry, txiv tsawb, pear nyoos, pineapple, txiv qaub, melon thiab lwm yam khoom noj tau zoo. Essence rau caw, xws li brandy, whisky, rum, daj nplej wine, Baijiu, thiab lwm yam., kuj siv.
Ethyl acetate yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv fatty acid esters. Nws yog cov kuab tshuaj kom qhuav sai nrog solubility zoo heev. Nws yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kab chromatography. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau nitric acid fiber, ethyl fiber, chlorinated roj hmab thiab vinyl resin, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyl acetate thiab hluavtaws roj hmab, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov kua nitro fiber ntau rau cov tshuab luam ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov nplaum thiab cov thinner rau kev pleev xim. Ethyl acetate yog ib qho hnyav hnyav rau ntau cov resins, uas yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov number case thiab tawv tawv. Nws yog siv los ua analytical reagent, chromatographic reference material thiab hnyav.