Iodinemuaj nyob rau hauv qhov zoo li soluble hauv dej. Nws yog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg. Tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm iodine hauv dej hiav txwv, kelp, ntses, shellfish thiab lwm yam tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag (50-60 micrograms ib liter dej hiav txwv), cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov av, pob zeb thiab dej yog tsawg heev.
Iodine tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm thiab nyob qib 47th nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus siab hauv dej hiav txwv (50-60 micrograms ib liter dej hiav txwv), cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov av, pob zeb thiab dej yog tsawg heev.
Lub hauv paus ntawm iodine nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sodium iodate NaIO3 nyob rau hauv Chile lub saltpeter ore. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine hauv dej hiav txwv muaj tsawg heev, tab sis qee cov kab mob hauv hiav txwv (xws li algae, kelp, thiab lwm yam) muaj peev xwm xaiv tau thiab ua kom muaj iodine, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm iodine.
Lub luag haujlwm thiab kev siv iodine:
Iodine tseem ceeb heev rau lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Cov iodide thiab iodate hauv dej hiav txwv nkag mus rau hauv cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob marine feem ntau. Hauv cov tsiaj nyeg siab, iodine yog concentrated hauv cov thyroid hauv daim ntawv ntawm iodized amino acids, thiab iodine deficiency yuav ua rau goiter. Kwv yees li 2/3 ntawm iodine thiab cov tebchaw yog siv los npaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj, xws li iodine tincture thiab iodoform CHI.3. Kev noj cov tshuaj sodium iodate ua cov khoom noj ntxiv rau ntxiv iodine tsis txaus. Radioisotope iodine-131 yog siv hauv xov tooj cua kho mob thiab siv xov tooj cua. Iodine kuj tseem siv tau los ua dyes thiab cov duab thaij duab.
Iodine thiab nws cov ntsiab lus sib txuas yog tsuas yog siv hauv tshuaj, yees duab thiab dyes. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib tus neeg taug qab rau kev saib xyuas, xws li kev saib xyuas geothermal system. Silver iodide (AgI) tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog ua tus neeg sawv cev photosensitive rau cov duab thaij duab, tab sis kuj yog cov noob siv lead ua rau huab tsim thaum lub caij ntuj nag. Cov tshuaj cawv ntawm I2thiab KI, uas yog iodine cawv, yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas nquag siv; Iodoform (CHI3) yog siv raws li ib tug preservative.
Calibrate sodium thiosulfate txheem tov. Txiav txim siab tus nqi iodine ntawm roj. Xim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm magnesium thiab acetate. Tsim iodane thiab iodide, thiab lwm yam. Colorimetric txiav txim siab ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Tsis yog-protein nitrogen thiab amylase hauv cov ntshav tau ntsuas. Kev npaj cov khoom violet thiab toluidine xiav iodine tov, catalyst thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Kev npaj muaj iodine xws li iodine tincture, compound iodine tov, iodine caj pas ntsiav tshuaj, iodine glycerin thiab lwm yam yog siv dav hauv kev kho mob, thiab iodine tincture yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tsev neeg.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18, 2021, kev tshawb fawb engineering luam tawm los ntawm British phau ntawv Journal Nature tau taw qhia tias kev siv iodine hauv hluav taws xob propulsion systems es tsis txhob siv xenon, uas kim dua thiab nyuaj rau khaws cia, tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau. Lub dav hlau uas muaj iodine-powered ua tiav qhov kev sim hauv-orbit thawj zaug, ua kom qhov kev lees paub ntawm lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam aerospace.
Physiological kev ua haujlwm ntawm iodine:
Iodine muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov neeg laus muaj 20-50mg ntawm iodine, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov thyroid ua haujlwm. Thaum lub cev tsis muaj iodine, nws yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm goiter. Yog li, iodide tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thiab kho goiter. Noj ntau cov khoom noj uas muaj iodine xws li kelp thiab ntses kuj zoo heev rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho goiter. Iodine radioisotope kuv tuaj yeem siv rau kev kuaj mob ntxov thiab kho cov thyroid qog.
Iodine yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tib neeg lub cev, hu ua "kev txawj ntse keeb". Tag nrho cov nyiaj iodine hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv yog li ntawm 30 mg (20 ~ 50 mg), uas 70 feem pua ~ 80 feem pua yog nyob rau hauv cov thyroid caj pas.
Chemical zog ntawm iodine:
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm iodine tsis ua haujlwm zoo li ntawm tib pab pawg F2, Cl2thiab Br2, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam oxidation xeev los ntawm - 1 mus ntxiv rau 7 hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem sau tau raws li hauv qab no.
Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas iodine tuaj yeem yaj hauv iodide yog kuv2 thiab iodine ions tsim cov ions tsis raug. Nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug no, ib txwm muaj iodine hauv cov tshuaj, yog li ntau cov tshuaj potassium iodide muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj iodine. Iodine molecule yuav tsim xiav-dub complex nrog starch, tab sis iodine ion I⁻ yuav tsis.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv iodine nrog hlau:
Feem ntau, cov hlau uas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj chlorine (tshwj tsis yog cov hlau tsis zoo) kuj tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog iodine, tab sis lawv cov reactivity tsis zoo li cov tshuaj chlorine. Piv txwv li, iodine tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog cov hlau nquag ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lwm cov hlau tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub siab dua. Kuv2plus 2Na → 2NaI.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv iodine nrog nonmetals:
Feem ntau, cov nonmetals uas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj chlorine tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog iodine. Vim tias muaj peev xwm oxidation ntawm iodine tsis muaj zog thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsawg dua li cov tshuaj chlorine, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub siab dua. Piv txwv li, nws cuam tshuam nrog phosphorus thiab tsuas yog tsim phosphorus triiodide: 3I22P → 2 PI3.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv iodine nrog dej:
(1) Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv halogen thiab dej: tus kheej oxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tshwm sim hauv dej.
(2) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv iodine nrog dej: solubility ntawm iodine hauv dej yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, tsuas yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej, thiab solubility yog 0.029g / 100g dej. Kuv2thiab dej tsis tuaj yeem raug oxidation-txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li F2 thiab dej. Iodine yuav precipitate thaum oxygen nkag mus rau hauv hydrogen iodide tov:
4 HI plus O2 → 2I2 plus 2 H2O
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, I2tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox los tsim iodine thiab iodine ion:
3I2plus 6 OH- → 5I-plus IO3-plus 3 H2O
Qhov no yog vim tsis muaj hypoiodate IO - hauv cov tshuaj. Thaum twg kub, IO- yuav sai sai rau nws tus kheej redox cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim I-thiab IO3-