Iodineyog ib hom ntshav-dub ci ci flake crystal nrog atomic tooj ntawm 53. Lub ntuj isotope yog iodine -127 nrog 74 neutrons. Iodine muaj lub siab vapor siab, uas sublimates nyob rau hauv me ntsis tshav kub. Ntshiab iodine vapor yog xiav tsaus, thiab yog tias nws muaj huab cua, nws yog xim liab, thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw. Iodine yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv ntau cov organic solvents, xws li chloroform (CHCl3) thiab carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Cov tshuaj tsim los ntawm iodine hauv ethanol thiab ether yog xim av. iodine tsim cov kua dej ntshiab hauv cov kuab tshuaj uas tsis tshua muaj dielectric tsis tu ncua (xws li carbon disulfide thiab carbon tetrachloride), uas iodine muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev molecular. Txawm hais tias solubility ntawm iodine hauv dej yog me me, nws tau nce ntau hauv KI lossis lwm yam tshuaj iodide.
Txoj kev npaj ntawm iodine:
Iodine tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev daws los ntawm kev siv nws cov solubility hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic.
Iodine tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm niam cawv ua los ntawm algae, roj zoo brine thiab ntsev. Acidify cov kua dej uas muaj {{0}}.001 feem pua ~ 0.01 feem pua iodide nrog sulfuric acid rau pH 2.3 ~ 2.5, ces oxidize cov iodide rau iodine nrog chlorine gas los yog sodium nitrite, siv activated carbon los nqus iodine rau saturation, thiab tom qab ntawd yaj cov iodine nrog sodium hydroxide los tsim sodium iodide thiab sodium iodate tov, thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj chlorine gas kom tau iodine.
Feem ntau muaj ob txoj hauv kev los npaj iodine:
(1) I2 npaj los ntawm kuv:
Kuv - muaj zog reducibility. Muaj ntau cov oxidants, xws li Cl2, Br2, MnO2, tuaj yeem oxidize iodine ions rau hauv iodine hauv acidic tov:
Cl22 NaI → 2 NaCl plus I2
2 NaI plus 3H2YOG4plus MnO2→ 2 NAS4plus MnSO4ntxiv rau kuv2plus 2 H2O
Qhov sib npaug thib ob yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm kev rho tawm iodine los ntawm algae tshauv, thiab cov iodine rho tawm tuaj yeem muab rho tawm thiab sib cais los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, cov oxidants ntau dhau yuav tsum tau zam kom tsis txhob muaj cov iodine yooj yim los ntawm kev ntxiv oxidized rau hauv high-valent iodine compounds:
I2ua 5cl2plus 6 H2O → 2 IO3-ua 10cl-plus 12 Hntxiv
(2) Restore ntawm IO3-:
Kev npaj ntau ntawm iodine los ntawm ntuj sodium iodate, thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev NaHSO3 yog siv los txo cov IO.3-ion rau yooj yim iodine:
2 IO ib3-plus 5 HSO3-→ 3 HMO4-plus 2 SO42-ntxiv H2O plus kuv2
Qhov tseeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no yog thawj zaug txo iodate rau iodide nrog rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm NaHSO3:
IO3-plus 3 HSO3-→ I- plus 3SO42-plus 3 Hntxiv
Cov kua qaub iodide tau txais yog hnov mob nrog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov tshuaj iodate kom tso tawm iodine:
IO3-ua plus 5i-plus 6 Hntxiv → 3I2plus 3 H2O
Iodine yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, hnyav tshaj plaws uas tsis yog khoom cuav thiab ruaj khov halogen, thiab nws yog ib qho ci iab liab doog dub cov khoom tsis yog hlau raws li tus qauv.
Iodine yog ib qho tseem ceeb micronutrients rau cov kab mob nyob, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Cov iodide thiab iodate hauv dej hiav txwv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob hauv hiav txwv feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj nyeg siab, iodine yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov thyroid nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm iodized amino acids, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb tivthaiv rau lub synthesis ntawm thyroxine los tswj cell metabolism thiab kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg neuromuscular. Iodine deficiency tuaj yeem ua rau goiter, thiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau kev puas hlwb. Feem ntau ntawm iodine xav tau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog los ntawm kev noj zaub mov, xws li seaweed, kelp, shellfish, qe, cereals thiab zaub ntsuab, ntawm cov kelp, seaweed thiab lwm yam khoom noj muaj ntau tshaj hauv iodine. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsis txaus iodine, cov zaub mov iodine fortification ntsuas tuaj yeem siv tau, xws li ntxiv cov poov tshuaj iodide thiab potassium iodate hauv ntsev kom ntxiv iodine kom tsawg.
Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov iodine hloov mus rau hauv cov organic iodine tebchaw, thiab iodide tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov xim, tshuaj, catalysts, colorants, tu thiab tu cev, tsiaj additives thiab lwm yam lag luam, xws li preservatives (iodoform), tshuaj tua kab mob (iodine wine) thiab tshuaj (potassium iodide ntsiav tshuaj, iodine glycerin, thiab lwm yam). Radioisotope iodine-131 yog siv hauv xov tooj cua kho mob thiab siv xov tooj cua. Iodine kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov duab thaij duab. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua cov duab thaij duab rau cov duab thaij duab, cov nyiaj iodide kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho condensation nodule rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nag lossis daus. Nws tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau hauv huab los ntawm aircraft lossis foob pob ua ntxaij rau cov nag lossis daus.
Kev tiv thaiv iodine ruaj khov yog hais txog kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj iodine ruaj khov (127I) los tiv thaiv lossis txo qhov nqus ntawm cov tshuaj iodine los ntawm cov thyroid thaum muaj nuclear lossis hluav taws xob xwm txheej kub ntxhov los yog tuaj yeem ua rau kev tso tawm ntawm radioactive iodine. Qee lub tebchaws yuav faib cov ntsiav tshuaj iodine (potassium iodide) rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear thiab coj lawv hauv plaub teev tom qab kev sib tsoo nuclear, muab qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj haujlwm ntawm iodine hauv tib neeg lub cev, txhawm rau txo qhov nqus ntawm radioisotope iodine{ {1}} los ntawm cov thyroid thiab tsis txhob ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.